Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) - Revision history

Jyoti: /* Artefacts */

2024-12-16T18:40:22Z

‎Artefacts

Show changes

Jyoti: /* History */

2024-12-16T18:37:40Z

‎History

Jyoti: /* Minority status */

2024-12-16T15:12:28Z

‎Minority status

Jyoti: /* Artefacts */

2024-11-26T17:27:51Z

‎Artefacts

Jyoti: /* Chagla’s 1965 Parliament speech */

2024-02-22T19:48:09Z

‎Chagla’s 1965 Parliament speech

Jyoti: /* Minority status */

2024-02-22T19:47:54Z

‎Minority status

Jyoti: /* Gender issues */

2024-01-10T17:34:36Z

‎Gender issues

Jyoti: /* Ramzan */

2018-12-22T09:07:30Z

‎Ramzan

Jyoti: /* Sports */

2018-12-22T09:06:49Z

‎Sports

Jyoti: /* Artefacts */

2018-12-22T09:06:11Z

‎Artefacts

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 =History=
 ==How Sir Syed collected funds for his AMU dream==
 [https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/how-sir-syed-collected-funds-for-his-amu-dream-9673517/?ref=opinion_hp  ASAD REHMAN, Nov 17, 2024: ''The Indian Express'']

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:12, 16 December 2024
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	The emblem of AMU contains a Quranic verse which is also its motto; has a university mosque; employs muezzins; has separate departments of studies for Sunni theology, Shea theology, Islamic studies, Arabic language and literature, Persian and Urdu, Islamic philosophy and Quranic studies — are the other characteristics which AMU cited to get back minority status. “AMU made accommodations for female students to observe purdah,” the AMU said.		The emblem of AMU contains a Quranic verse which is also its motto; has a university mosque; employs muezzins; has separate departments of studies for Sunni theology, Shea theology, Islamic studies, Arabic language and literature, Persian and Urdu, Islamic philosophy and Quranic studies — are the other characteristics which AMU cited to get back minority status. “AMU made accommodations for female students to observe purdah,” the AMU said.
		+
		+	==2024: SC overturns ’67 verdict that removed AMU’s minority status==
		+	[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/supreme-court-reinstates-minority-status-for-aligarh-muslim-university-overturning-1967-ruling/articleshow/115095539.cms Dhananjay Mahapatra, Nov 9, 2024: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	A seven-judge bench of Supreme Court on Friday overruled by a four-to-three majority a 1967 judgment by a five-judge bench in Azeez Basha case, which had declared that Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) was not a minority institution as it was established by govt in 1920 and not by the minority community.
		+
		+	Without determining whether AMU is a minority institution or not, Friday's majority opinion penned by CJI D Y Chandrachud, for himself, CJI-designate Sanjiv Khanna and Justices J B Pardiwala and Manoj Misra laid down elaborate indicia (parameters) for testing the minority character of an institution and tasked a regular bench with adjudicating the 57-year-old controversy based on the parameters.
		+
		+	The CJI said one of the key criteria for classifying an educational institution as a minority one was its establishment by a minority community for its members. Mere change of character of a college into a university through an Act of Parliament wouldn't negate its minority status, he said.
		+
		+	''' CJI: No minority tag if a community cedes institute’s administration after setting it up '''
		+
		+	This finding will favour the petitioners in placing their proposition that AMU is a minority educational institution.
		+
		+	Elaborating on the components of action to prove that an institution was established by the minority community to get the protection under Article 30(1) of the Constitution, the CJI said, "The indicia of ideation, purpose and implementation must be satisfied. First, the idea for establishing an educational institution must have stemmed from a person or group belonging to the minority community.
		+
		+	"Second, the educational institution must be established predominantly for the benefit of the minority community; and third, steps for implementation of the idea must have been taken by the member(s) of the minority community."
		+
		+	Article 30(1) states, "All minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice." After stipulating criteria for proving establishment of an educational institution by a minority community, the CJI turned to the requirements under ‘establish’.
		+
		+	"The administrative set-up of the educational institution must elucidate and affirm (i) the minority character of the educational institution; and (ii) that it was established to protect and promote the interests of the minority community," he said. If a minority community relinquishes administration of an educational institution after establishing it, the same cannot get minority tag, the CJI said.
		+
		+	The majority opinion said Article 30(1) was a non-discriminatory provision guaranteeing special rights to minority communities to establish and administer educational institutions., with which no law could interfere.
		+
		+	"Additionally, a linguistic or religious minority which has established an educational institution receives the guarantee of greater autonomy in administration. This is the ‘special rights' reading of the provision," it added.
		+
		+	The majority opinion said ‘minority tag' and consequential constitutional rights were available even to institutions established before 1950, when the Constitution came into force.
		+
		+	Incorporation of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, established in 1877, into Aligarh Muslim University in 1920 was argued by the govt as a major reason behind the institution losing its minority tag. The Act was amended in 1951 and 1965, both of which were upheld by the SC's five-judge bench in 1967.
		+
		+	Based on the 1967 judgment, Allahabad HC in 2005 had struck down reservation for Muslim students in AMU. This was challenged in the SC by AMU along with a bunch of other Muslim petitioners and Islamic organisations.
		+
		+	Countering the reasoning of Basha judgment, the majority opinion said, "Incorporation of the university would not ipso facto lead to surrendering of the minority character of the institution. The circumstances surrounding the conversion of a teaching college to a teaching university must be viewed to identify if the minority character of the institution was surrendered upon the conversion.
		+
		+	"The court may on a holistic reading of the statutory provisions relating to the administrative set-up of the educational institution deduce if the minority character or the purpose of establishment was relinquished upon incorporation.”

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= Artefacts=
+=History=
 ==2018: Artefacts, some over 5,000 years old, missing==
 [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2018%2F04%2F24&entity=Ar01514&sk=E2536426&mode=text  Anuja Jaiswal, Artefacts, some over 5,000 yrs old, missing, April 24, 2018: ''The Times of India'']
@@ Line 18: / Line 55: @@
 Dr MK Pundhir, who took charge of the archaeology section last year, said these antiquities were collected over a period of 40 years, but due to carelessness of the staff involved in the shifting of the stock, many of these priceless articles have either been misplaced or damaged. He said, “Many artefacts had no marking on them and they were dumped like useless items in bags, as no one knew what they were.”
 =Gender issues=

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 Dhananjay.Mahapatra@timesgroup.com
 New Delhi : What was the understanding of the Congressled Union government in 1965 about Aligarh Muslim University’s character — a nondenominational body or minority educational institution — when it amended the AMU Act, 1920, to shift the administrative powers from the ‘University Court’ to its executive council and ended compulsory religious instructions to Muslim students?
@@ Line 51: / Line 52: @@
  Sibal, who was the HRD minister in UPA government, wriggled out of the sticky situation by saying a minister’s (Chagla’s) contradictory statements is of no assistance to SC in determining whether AMU retained its minority status right from inception and whether SC’s five-judge bench erred by ruling in Azeez Basha case in 1967 upholding the 1951 and 1965 amendments to the AMU Act and ruling that the university was not a minority institution.
 ==1967, 1981==

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 =Minority status=
 ==1967, 1981==
 [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/amus-status-a-ruling-from-1967-a-doubt-from-1981/articleshow/106646919.cms  Dhananjay Mahapatra, January 9, 2024: ''The Times of India'']

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:34, 10 January 2024
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	The three female students -Ghazala Ahmad, Labeeba Sherwani and Sadaf Rasool -were elected to the 10-member cabinet		The three female students -Ghazala Ahmad, Labeeba Sherwani and Sadaf Rasool -were elected to the 10-member cabinet
		+
		+	=Minority status=
		+	==1967, 1981==
		+	[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/amus-status-a-ruling-from-1967-a-doubt-from-1981/articleshow/106646919.cms Dhananjay Mahapatra, January 9, 2024: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	''' AMU’s status: A ruling from 1967 & adoubt from 1981 '''
		+
		+
		+	In 1967, a five-judge Constitution bench in S Azeez Basha vs Union of India had ruled that AMU “was neither established nor administered by Muslim minority”, and consequently, held that it can’t enjoy protection for minorities to administer educational institutions under Article 30(1) of the Constitution.
		+
		+	On November 26, 1981, a two-judge bench of the SC in Anjuman-e-Rahmania vs District Inspector of Schools questioned the correctness of the Azeez Basha ruling and referred the matter to a seven -judge bench. While the matter was pending consideration of a seven-judge bench, petitions were filed before Allahabad HC challenging AMU’s decision to reserve seats for Muslims in postgraduate courses. The HC on January 5, 2006, declared that AMU was never a minority institution, and that reservations for Muslim minority in postgraduate courses was declared as unconstitutional and impermissible.
		+
		+	In addition, the HC struck down three important changes introduced through the AMU (Amendment) Act, 1981. Abatch of eight petitions, including one by the Union government, challenged the correctness of the HC verdict in the SC. The Centre, during the UPA government’s tenure, had supported the minority status for AMU. The NDA government in 2016 withdrew its appeal from the SC and said AMU was not a minority institution.
		+
		+	Though the controversy arose 57 years ago with the Azeez Basha case ruling and was referred to the sevenjudge bench for reconsideration nearly 43 years ago, the issue remains unresolved. A seven-j udge bench comprising CJI Chandrachud, and Justices Sanjiv Khanna, Surya Kant, J B Pardiwala, Dipankar Datta, manoj Misra and Satish Sharma is scheduled to commence on Tuesday proceedings on eight petitions in addition to the referred questions.
		+
		+	AMU, in its written submissions, finalised by senior advocate Rajeev Dhavan, cited the historical facts including transformat ion of Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College into AMU and the architecture of the building — use of a deep green colour, domes, Quranic inscriptions — to buttress its argument about the Islamic character of the university.
		+
		+	The emblem of AMU contains a Quranic verse which is also its motto; has a university mosque; employs muezzins; has separate departments of studies for Sunni theology, Shea theology, Islamic studies, Arabic language and literature, Persian and Urdu, Islamic philosophy and Quranic studies — are the other characteristics which AMU cited to get back minority status. “AMU made accommodations for female students to observe purdah,” the AMU said.
		+

	=Ramzan=		=Ramzan=

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:07, 22 December 2018
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	Rashmi Singh, who resides in Begum Sultan hostel of the varsity , wrote in her Facebook post that the students are getting breakfast and dinner as usual. “They are getting a light lunch because the number of students having lunch is less,“ she wrote, adding that she is getting to enjoy sehri and iftar as well.		Rashmi Singh, who resides in Begum Sultan hostel of the varsity , wrote in her Facebook post that the students are getting breakfast and dinner as usual. “They are getting a light lunch because the number of students having lunch is less,“ she wrote, adding that she is getting to enjoy sehri and iftar as well.
		+
		+	=Sports=
		+	==Distinguished alumni==
		+	[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2018%2F12%2F10&entity=Ar00319&sk=EF3199B7&mode=text Ishita Mishra, December 10, 2018: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+
		+	Anees-Ur-Rehman, a former Indian international hockey player from the mid-80s and current deputy director of the AMU sports committee.
		+
		+	AMU has boasted of many illustrious male hockey (and football) players through the decades, with former 1980s captain, Zafar Iqbal — born in Aligarh, his father was head of the Chemistry department at AMU — being the last Olympic gold medal winner (Moscow 1980) from the university.
		+
		+	Other stalwarts include Masood Minhaj (Los Angeles Olympics, 1932), Ahsan Mohammad Khan (Berlin Olympics, 1936), Lt A Shakoor, Madan Lal, Lateef-ur Rehman, Akhtar Husain Hayat (all of whom played in London Olympics, 1948), Jogendra Singh (Rome Olympics, 1960) and SM Ali Sayeed (Tokyo, 1964) among others.

	=See also=		=See also=

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:06, 22 December 2018
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	Dr MK Pundhir, who took charge of the archaeology section last year, said these antiquities were collected over a period of 40 years, but due to carelessness of the staff involved in the shifting of the stock, many of these priceless articles have either been misplaced or damaged. He said, “Many artefacts had no marking on them and they were dumped like useless items in bags, as no one knew what they were.”		Dr MK Pundhir, who took charge of the archaeology section last year, said these antiquities were collected over a period of 40 years, but due to carelessness of the staff involved in the shifting of the stock, many of these priceless articles have either been misplaced or damaged. He said, “Many artefacts had no marking on them and they were dumped like useless items in bags, as no one knew what they were.”
−
−	~~=Sports=~~
−	~~==Distinguished alumni==~~
−
−	~~Anees-Ur-Rehman, a former Indian international hockey player from the mid-80s and current deputy director of the AMU sports committee.~~
−
−	AMU has boasted of many illustrious male hockey (and football) players through the decades, with former 1980s captain, Zafar Iqbal — born in Aligarh, his father was head of the Chemistry department at AMU — being the last Olympic gold medal winner (Moscow 1980) from the university.
−
−	Other stalwarts include Masood Minhaj (Los Angeles Olympics, 1932), Ahsan Mohammad Khan (Berlin Olympics, 1936), Lt A Shakoor, Madan Lal, Lateef-ur Rehman, Akhtar Husain Hayat (all of whom played in London Olympics, 1948), Jogendra Singh (Rome Olympics, 1960) and SM Ali Sayeed (Tokyo, 1964) among others.

	=Gender issues=		=Gender issues=