Chenchu - Revision history

Jyoti: /* Lifestyle */

2019-04-18T08:59:33Z

‎Lifestyle

Jyoti: /* Participation in elections */

2019-04-18T08:58:53Z

‎Participation in elections

Jyoti at 05:56, 25 March 2019

2019-03-25T05:56:11Z

Pdewan: /* Chenchu */

2014-03-30T19:51:52Z

‎Chenchu

Pdewan: /* Chenchu */

2014-03-30T19:50:38Z

‎Chenchu

Pdewan: Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|
This article is an excerpt from
''' Castes and Tribes of Southern India '''
By '' Edgar Thurston,..."

2014-03-30T19:32:35Z

Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%"> This article is an excerpt from<br/> ''' Castes and Tribes of Southern India ''' <br/> By '' Edgar Thurston,..."

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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:59, 18 April 2019
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	[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chenchus-believe-the-fox-ushers-in-fortune/article26868510.ece Appala Naidu Tippana, Chenchus believe the fox ushers in fortune, April 17, 2019: ''The Hindu'']		[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chenchus-believe-the-fox-ushers-in-fortune/article26868510.ece Appala Naidu Tippana, Chenchus believe the fox ushers in fortune, April 17, 2019: ''The Hindu'']

		+	[[File: Unique bonding- A Chenchu tribal family with the domesticated fox near Krithuvennu mandal. Photo Credit- T APPALANAIDU.jpg\|Unique bonding- A Chenchu tribal family with the domesticated fox near Krithuvennu mandal. <br/> Photo Credit- T APPALANAIDU <br/> From: [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chenchus-believe-the-fox-ushers-in-fortune/article26868510.ece Appala Naidu Tippana, Chenchus believe the fox ushers in fortune, April 17, 2019: ''The Hindu'']\|frame\|500px]]

	'''Found in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and Karnataka'''		'''Found in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and Karnataka'''

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:58, 18 April 2019
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	There were, in 1904–05, two Board upper primary schools for the Chenchus of the Kurnool district, which were attended by seventy-three pupils, who were fed and clothed, and supplied with books and slates free of charge.		There were, in 1904–05, two Board upper primary schools for the Chenchus of the Kurnool district, which were attended by seventy-three pupils, who were fed and clothed, and supplied with books and slates free of charge.
		+
		+	=Lifestyle=
		+	==Domestication of foxes==
		+	[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chenchus-believe-the-fox-ushers-in-fortune/article26868510.ece Appala Naidu Tippana, Chenchus believe the fox ushers in fortune, April 17, 2019: ''The Hindu'']
		+
		+
		+	'''Found in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and Karnataka'''
		+
		+	''The nomadic tribal families have succeeded in domesticating the animal''
		+
		+	The nomadic Chenchu tribal families have succeeded in domesticating the fox. “Beginning the day by seeing the face of the fox is a ‘fortune’,” Ms. Nancharamma told The Hindu. The tribal families in the district, less than 100, eke out a livelihood in fishing in the ponds, collecting wild crab and rats.
		+
		+	“We offer rats, fish and wild crab to our foxes as food. They also love to accompany us to the fields,” says Nagaraju Nallapothu, another Chenchu family member.
		+
		+	Most of the time in a day, the fox is left freely without being tied to a pole or tree.
		+
		+	For the children of these families, they are the prime source of entertainment.
		+
		+	“We do not catch the fox to make money from it by selling for any purpose. The new-born foxes are found in pits in the breeding grounds,” he said.
		+
		+	In a bizarre incident reported four years ago in the Krithuvennu mandal, a non-tribal man had offered ₹5,000 for the fox skin. “On being advised by a godman, he had meditated sitting on the skin for ‘fortune for two weeks’.
		+
		+	However, such a belief is arguably doesn’t exist now in our area,” a youth who skinned the fox said on condition of anonymity.
		+
		+
		+	'''An offence: official'''
		+
		+	Senior official at the Srisailam Nagarjuna Sagar Tiger Reserve Nageswara Rao said: “The conservation of fox falls under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972, according to which hunting or domesticating it is an offence and attracts punishment.
		+
		+	“The possession of fox even by the non-forest dwellers also is an offence.”

	=Participation in elections=		=Participation in elections=

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 The Chenchus or Chentsus are a Telugu-speaking jungle tribe inhabiting the hills of the Kurnool and Nellore districts. In a letter addressed to the Bengal Asiatic Society,18 transmitting vocabularies of various tribes inhabiting Vizagapatam, by Mr. Newill, it is stated that “the Chenchu tribe, whose language is almost entirely corrupt Hindi and Urdu with a few exceptions from Bengāli, affords one more example to the many forthcoming of an uncultured aboriginal race having abandoned their own tongue.” The compiler of the Kurnool Manual (1885) remarks that Mr. Newill’s vocabulary “seems to belong to the dialect spoken by Lambādis, who sometimes wander about the hills, and it is not unlikely that he was misled as to the character of the persons from whom his list was taken.” As examples of the words given by Mr. Newill, the following may be quoted:—
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 There were, in 1904–05, two Board upper primary schools for the Chenchus of the Kurnool district, which were attended by seventy-three pupils, who were fed and clothed, and supplied with books and slates free of charge.

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 In recent accounts of the Chenchus of the Nallamalai hills by a forest officer, it is noted that pilgrims, on their way to the Srisailam temple, “are exploited at every turn, the Chentzu being seen in his true colours at this period, and, being among the most active agents in the exactions, but not being by any means the only plunderer. In return for the protection, the Chentzu levies a toll per head, and as much more as he can extort. We had to interfere with the perquisites of one drugged specimen of this race, who drew a knife on a peon (orderly), and had to be sent down under escort.... It is commonly supposed that the Chentzus are a semi-wild, innocent, inoffensive hill tribe, living on roots, honey, wild fruits, and game. If this was so, we should have no difficulty in controlling them. They are actually a semi-wild, lazy, drinking set of brigands. They levy blackmail from every village along the foot of the hills, and, if any ryot (cultivator) refuses to pay up, his crop silently disappears on some moonless night. They levy blackmail from every pilgrim to the shrines in the hills. They levy blackmail from the graziers in the hills. They borrow money from Kōmatis and Buniahs (merchants and money-lenders), and repay it in kind—stolen timber, minor forest produce, etc. They are constantly in debt to the Kōmatis, and are practically their slaves as regards the supply of timber and other forest produce. They think nothing of felling a tree in order to collect its fruits, and they fire miles of forest in order to be able to collect with ease certain minor produce, or to trace game. They poison the streams throughout the hills, and in short do exactly as they please throughout the length and breadth of the Nallamalais.” The Conservator of Forests expressed his belief that this picture was not overdrawn, and added that the Chenchus are “a danger to the forest in many ways, and I have always thought it a pity that they were given some of the rights at settlement, which stand against their names. These rights were—
 •	(1) Rights of way, and to carry torches.
 •
 •	(2) Rights to draw and drink water from, wash or bathe in all streams, springs, wells and pools.
 •
 •	(3) Rights to forest produce for home use.
 •
 •	(4) Rights to fish and shoot.
 •
 •	(5) Rights to graze a limited number of cattle, sheep and goats.
 •
 •	(6) Rights to collect for sale or barter certain minor produce.
 In connection with right (3), the District Forest Officer suggested that “the quantity to be taken annually must be limited, especially in the case of wood, bamboos, fibre, firewood and honey. The quality of the wood and of other forest produce should be defined. Chenchus do not require teak or ebony beams or yegi (Pterocarpus Marsupium) spokes and felloes for domestic purposes; but, as the right now stands, they can fell whatever they like, and, though we may know it is for sale to merchants, the Chenchus have only to say it is for domestic use, and they cannot be punished. The wood  should be limited to poles and smaller pieces of third-class and unclassified trees.”
 In 1898 the Governor in Council made the following rules for regulating the exercise of the rights of the Chenchus living in the reserved forests on the Nallamalais:—

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 The Chenchus or Chentsus are a Telugu-speaking jungle tribe inhabiting the hills of the Kurnool and Nellore districts. In a letter addressed to the Bengal Asiatic Society,18 transmitting vocabularies of various tribes inhabiting Vizagapatam, by Mr. Newill, it is stated that “the Chenchu tribe, whose language is almost entirely corrupt Hindi and Urdu with a few exceptions from Bengāli, affords one more example to the many forthcoming of an uncultured aboriginal race having abandoned their own tongue.” The compiler of the Kurnool Manual (1885) remarks that Mr. Newill’s vocabulary “seems to belong to the dialect spoken by Lambādis, who sometimes wander about the hills, and it is not unlikely that he was misled as to the character of the persons from whom his list was taken.” As examples of the words given by Mr. Newill, the following may be quoted:—
 •	Bone, had.
 •	Cat, billeyi.
 •	Ear, kān.
 •	Elephant, hate.
 •	Tiger, bāg.	•	One, yek.
 •	Ten, das.
 •	Far, dūr.
 •	Drink, pi.
 •	Sweet, mithā.
 It is probable that Mr. Newill confused the Chenchus with the Bonthuk Savaras (q.v.) who speak corrupt  Oriya, and are called Chenchu vāndlu, and, like the Chenchus, believe that the god Narasimha of Ahōbilam married a girl belonging to their tribe. As a further example of the confusion concerning the Chenchus, I may quote the remarks of Buchanan19 about the Irulas, who are a Tamil-speaking jungle tribe: “In this hilly tract there is a race of men called by the other natives Cad Eriligaru, but who call themselves Cat Chensu. The language of the Chensu is a dialect of the Tamil, with occasionally a few Karnata or Telinga words intermixed, but their accent is so different from that of Madras that my servants did not at first understand what they said. Their original country, they say, is the Animalaya forest below the ghāts, which is confirmed by their dialect.” In the Census Report, 1901, Chenchu is said to be the name by which Irulas of North Arcot and the Mysore plateau are called sometimes, and, in the Census Report, 1891, Chenchu is given as a sub-division of the Yānādis. There can be little doubt that the Chenchus and Yānādis are descended from the same original stock. Mackenzie, in the local records collected by him, speaks of the Chenchus as being called Yānādi Chenchus. The Chenchus themselves at the present day say that they and the Yānādis are one and the same, and that the tribes intermarry.
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 The ambush by the salt-lick or water-hole, however, is his favourite method of sport. Here, fortified with a supply of the pungent-smelling liquor which he illicitly distils from the mowhra flower he will lie night and day ruthlessly murdering sāmbur, spotted deer, nilgai (Boselaphus tràgocamelus); four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis). Tigers often stalk down, and drink and roll in the pool, but the Chenchu dares not draw a bead on him. Perhaps the indifference of his shooting, of which he is conscious, deters him.” When in danger from tigers or leopards, the Chenchus climb a tree, and shout. The Chenchus recognise two distinct varieties of leopards called chirra puli and chirta puli, concerning which Blanford writes as follows.  “Most of the sportsmen who have hunted in Central India, and many native shikāris (sportsmen) distinguish two forms, and in parts of the country there is some appearance of two races—a larger form that inhabits the hills and forests, and a smaller form commonly occurring in patches of grass and bushes amongst cultivated fields and gardens. The larger form is said to have a shorter tail, a longer head with an occipital crest, and clearly defined spots on a paler ground-colour. The smaller form has a comparatively longer tail, a rounder head, less clearly defined spots, and rougher fur. I cannot help suspecting that the difference is very often due to age.”
-[[File: Chenchu   .png   | |frame|500px]]
+[[File:  163  .png   | |frame|500px]]
 A Chenchu who was asked by me whether they kill wild beasts replied that they are wild beasts themselves. In devouring a feast of mutton provided for those who were my guests in camp, they certainly behaved as such,   gnawing at the bones and tearing off the flesh. To the Chenchus a feast, on however liberal a scale the food may be, is nothing without a copious supply of toddy, of which even infants receive a small share. In the absence of toddy, they sometimes manufacture illicit liquor from the flower-buds of the mahua (or mowhra) tree. The man who gained the prize (a coarse cotton cloth) in a shooting match with bow and arrow, with the head of a straw scarecrow as bull’s-eye, was in an advanced stage of intoxication, and used his success as an argument in favour of drink.

Chenchu - Revision history

Jyoti: /* Lifestyle */

Jyoti: /* Participation in elections */

Jyoti at 05:56, 25 March 2019

Pdewan: /* Chenchu */

Pdewan: /* Chenchu */

Pdewan: Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"| This article is an excerpt from ''' Castes and Tribes of Southern India ''' By '' Edgar Thurston,..."

Pdewan: Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|
This article is an excerpt from
''' Castes and Tribes of Southern India '''
By '' Edgar Thurston,..."