http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Currency%3A_India Currency: India - Revision history 2026-06-28T07:51:45Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.19.2 http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Currency:_India&diff=139105&oldid=prev Jyoti: /* 2012-21 */ 2026-03-28T12:59:44Z <p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2012-21</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 12:59, 28 March 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 806:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 806:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' Weekly rise in Currency in circulation during the Diwali week, 2012-21 ''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' Weekly rise in Currency in circulation during the Diwali week, 2012-21 ''</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</del>: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==2013-2026 Jan==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File: 2013-2026 January- Currency in circulation in India, vis-à-vis the GDP.jpg| 2013-2026 Jan: Currency in circulation in India, vis-à-vis the GDP &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=17_02_2026_017_011_cap_TOI&#160; February 17, 2026: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]] </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'''See graphic''':</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' 2013-2026 Jan: Currency in circulation in India, vis-à-vis the GDP ''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CCURRENCY</ins>: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Government|RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Government|RCURRENCY<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</ins>: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</del>: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CCURRENCY</ins>: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</ins>: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> </table> Jyoti http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Currency:_India&diff=138885&oldid=prev Jyoti: /* 2014-2024 */ 2025-12-28T16:58:28Z <p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2014-2024</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 16:58, 28 December 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 421:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 421:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The country’s foreign exchange reserves have increased from $304 billion to $645 billion — an increase of 112.2% and an annualised increase of 12%. This increase is due to a deliberate effort by the central bank to build up reserves following the taper tantrum of 2013.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The country’s foreign exchange reserves have increased from $304 billion to $645 billion — an increase of 112.2% and an annualised increase of 12%. This increase is due to a deliberate effort by the central bank to build up reserves following the taper tantrum of 2013.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>
The major drop in the rupee’s value occurred in 2013, when it fell from 54.59 to 60.14 after the ‘taper tantrums’ as markets reacted sharply to the US Fed’s decision to ‘taper off’ its liquidity support to markets introduced during the financial crisis. Usually, after such a sharp correction, the rupee remains stable for a long period, as the sudden drop in its value reduces imports and attracts more foreign capital.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>
The major drop in the rupee’s value occurred in 2013, when it fell from 54.59 to 60.14 after the ‘taper tantrums’ as markets reacted sharply to the US Fed’s decision to ‘taper off’ its liquidity support to markets introduced during the financial crisis. Usually, after such a sharp correction, the rupee remains stable for a long period, as the sudden drop in its value reduces imports and attracts more foreign capital.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>
Forex dealers caution that merely comparing the rupeedollar rate is not enough to determine the strength of the currency. This is because the US dollar has appreciated against all major currencies. After the US Federal Reserve began hiking rates, funds have started moving to US assets, particularly govt bonds. When the rupee is compared with other emerging market currencies, it has performed better, they said.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>
Forex dealers caution that merely comparing the rupeedollar rate is not enough to determine the strength of the currency. This is because the US dollar has appreciated against all major currencies. After the US Federal Reserve began hiking rates, funds have started moving to US assets, particularly govt bonds. When the rupee is compared with other emerging market currencies, it has performed better, they said.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==2025: ₹ 90=$1==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===2009-2025===</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=04_12_2025_001_001_cap_TOI&#160; Dec 4, 2025: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: The Indian rupee vis-à-vis the US dollar, 2009-2025.jpg| The Indian rupee vis-à-vis the US dollar, 2009-2025 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=04_12_2025_001_001_cap_TOI&#160; Dec 4, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mumbai: The rupee broke the psychologically crucial 90 mark against the US dollar for the first time and slid to an intra-day low of 90.29 against the greenback before settling 32 paise below Tuesday’s close at 90.19, extending a decline that now threatens to spill over into the wider economy.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
The currency has weakened 5.5% since Trump’s reciprocal tariff announcement on April 2. So far this year, foreign portfolio investors have withdrawn over $17 billion, while several private equity players have cashed out during billion-dollar IPOs by some of the marquee startups, adding to outflows from India. What has heightened the pressure in recent months is higher gold and silver prices, which resulted in a record imports and trade deficit in Oct.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
A report by SBI research team said in terms of number of days, this is the quickest Rs 5 fall against the dollar as the Indian currency slipped from 85 to 90 in less than a year, despite RBI seeking to intervene to check a steep fall.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===2013 June- 2025 Dec===</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=04_12_2025_001_001_cap_TOI&#160; Dec 4, 2025: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: The number of days that it took the Indian rupee to fall by ₹5 vis-à-vis the US Dollar, 2013 June- 2025 Dec.jpg|The number of days that it took the Indian rupee to fall by ₹5 vis-à-vis the US Dollar, 2013 June- 2025 Dec &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=04_12_2025_001_001_cap_TOI&#160; Dec 4, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''See graphic''':</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' The number of days that it took the Indian rupee to fall by ₹5 vis-à-vis the US Dollar, 2013 June- 2025 Dec ''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===1995-2025: 10 rupee drops===</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: The number of days that it took the Indian rupee to fall by ₹10 vis-à-vis the US Dollar, 1995-2025.jpg|The number of days that it took the Indian rupee to fall by ₹10 vis-à-vis the US Dollar, 1995-2025 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=04_12_2025_021_005_cap_TOI&#160; Dec 4, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''See graphic''':</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' The number of days that it took the Indian rupee to fall by ₹10 vis-à-vis the US Dollar, 1995-2025 ''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|CCURRENCY: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|CCURRENCY: INDIA</div></td></tr> </table> Jyoti http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Currency:_India&diff=135234&oldid=prev Jyoti: /* 2019: Big Mac says ₹ is undervalued */ 2025-03-23T21:38:40Z <p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2019: Big Mac says ₹ is undervalued</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 21:38, 23 March 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 394:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 394:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' According to the Big Mac index, the Indian ₹ was 54% undervalued (presumably in 2019). ''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' According to the Big Mac index, the Indian ₹ was 54% undervalued (presumably in 2019). ''</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==2023 Feb--2025 Feb==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: The value of the Indian rupee, vis-à-vis the US dollar, 2023 Feb--2025 Feb 7.jpg| The value of the Indian rupee, vis-à-vis the US dollar, 2023 Feb--2025 Feb 7 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=08_02_2025_025_025_cap_TOI&#160; February 8, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''See graphic''': </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' The value of the Indian rupee, vis-à-vis the US dollar, 2023 Feb--2025 Feb 7 ''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|CCURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Government|RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:India|CCURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; 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color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 06:52, 18 April 2024</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 395:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 395:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' According to the Big Mac index, the Indian ₹ was 54% undervalued (presumably in 2019). ''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' According to the Big Mac index, the Indian ₹ was 54% undervalued (presumably in 2019). ''</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</del>: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==2014-2024==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=10_04_2024_015_007_cap_TOI&#160; April 10, 2024: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File: The value of the Indian rupee, 2014-2024.jpg|The value of the Indian rupee, 2014-2024 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=10_04_2024_015_007_cap_TOI&#160; April 10, 2024: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' In 10 years, Rupee fell 28% '''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mumbai:The value of the rupee against the US dollar has decreased from nearly 60 to around 83.31 over the last decade. This represents a decline of 27.8% over a ten-year period, which is less than a 3% fall on an annualised basis.
</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The country’s foreign exchange reserves have increased from $304 billion to $645 billion — an increase of 112.2% and an annualised increase of 12%. This increase is due to a deliberate effort by the central bank to build up reserves following the taper tantrum of 2013.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">
The major drop in the rupee’s value occurred in 2013, when it fell from 54.59 to 60.14 after the ‘taper tantrums’ as markets reacted sharply to the US Fed’s decision to ‘taper off’ its liquidity support to markets introduced during the financial crisis. Usually, after such a sharp correction, the rupee remains stable for a long period, as the sudden drop in its value reduces imports and attracts more foreign capital.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">
Forex dealers caution that merely comparing the rupeedollar rate is not enough to determine the strength of the currency. This is because the US dollar has appreciated against all major currencies. After the US Federal Reserve began hiking rates, funds have started moving to US assets, particularly govt bonds. When the rupee is compared with other emerging market currencies, it has performed better, they said.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CCURRENCY</ins>: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Government|RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Government|RCURRENCY<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</ins>: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RCURRENCY</del>: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CCURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</ins>: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> </table> Jyoti http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Currency:_India&diff=129244&oldid=prev Jyoti: /* 2018: a new high */ 2023-12-07T21:50:43Z <p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2018: a new high</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 21:50, 7 December 2023</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 695:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 695:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>With four states going for elections the cash in circulation is expected to gather pace. The government has been pushing for more formal funding of elections. Besides, the wedding season which generally starts after Diwali, also could result in higher cash demand. “After a brief payback, we expect marriage season to keep the pace of CIC increase intact” said Bharadwaj.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>With four states going for elections the cash in circulation is expected to gather pace. The government has been pushing for more formal funding of elections. Besides, the wedding season which generally starts after Diwali, also could result in higher cash demand. “After a brief payback, we expect marriage season to keep the pace of CIC increase intact” said Bharadwaj.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</del>: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==2018-23==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/currency-in-circulation-falls-during-diwali-week/articleshow/105428703.cms&#160; Nov 23, 2023: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File: Change in currency circulation, 2018-23.jpg|Change in currency circulation, 2018-23 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/currency-in-circulation-falls-during-diwali-week/articleshow/105428703.cms&#160; Nov 23, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' Currency in circulation falls during Diwali week '''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mumbai : For the second consecutive time in 20 years, the currency in circulation (CIC) dipped during Diwali week as citizens shifted to digital modes of payment to make their festival purchases.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">
Data released by RBI on Wednesday revealed that during the week ended November 17, currency in circulation dropped by Rs 5,934 crore to Rs 33.6 lakh crore. This year, the Diwali festival occurred between November 10 and November 14.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">
Currency in circulation during the current financial year has declined by Rs 22,721 crore. While some of the decline is due to the withdrawal of Rs 2,000 crore banknotes, bankers say that this process was completed in October, with 97% of the notes returned. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">According to Soumya Kanti Ghosh, group chief economic adviser, SBI, the cash decline reflects the power of digital transactions. “With the increased acceptance of digital payments in the country, the over-reliance on cash is slowly fading. In October 2023, UPI has increased (month-onmonth) by 85.3 crore transactions of Rs 1,36,600 crore in value terms,” he said. An Ecowrap research report by SBI analysed the movement of currency in circulation during Diwali week for the previous two decades. In every year, the CIC has gone up, barring 2009, following the global financial crisis. In 2021, Diwali saw CIC increase Rs 44,000 crore during the festival week. 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color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</ins>: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> </table> Jyoti http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Currency:_India&diff=127242&oldid=prev Jyoti: /* The value of the rupee: shoring it up */ 2023-08-08T08:27:44Z <p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">The value of the rupee: shoring it up</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 08:27, 8 August 2023</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 430:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 430:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Outgoing RBI governor Raghuram Rajan said on Friday that he found the $34-billion foreign currency deposit scheme, which staved off a collapse of the rupee in September 2013, to be “completely idiotic“ and “worst of the ideas on the table“ when it was first proposed, but it worked.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Outgoing RBI governor Raghuram Rajan said on Friday that he found the $34-billion foreign currency deposit scheme, which staved off a collapse of the rupee in September 2013, to be “completely idiotic“ and “worst of the ideas on the table“ when it was first proposed, but it worked.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The RBI's success in taming the runaway rupee in September in 2013 was seen as Rajan's big achievement in his initial months. A special foreign currency non-resident (FCNR-B) deposit scheme, which garnered $34 billion, was seen to have played a crucial role in stabilizing the currency . The scheme was among the first announcements made by Rajan after taking charge.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The RBI's success in taming the runaway rupee in September in 2013 was seen as Rajan's big achievement in his initial months. A special foreign currency non-resident (FCNR-B) deposit scheme, which garnered $34 billion, was seen to have played a crucial role in stabilizing the currency . The scheme was among the first announcements made by Rajan after taking charge.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 435:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 436:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>He said that upon joining as an understudy in August, he went around seeking suggestions on what new and interesting measures the RBI could take to change the narrative on the rupee. “There was one proposal which came from bankers that I found completely idiotic. I thought this was a terrible, terrible thing to do. The proposal was: `Give us a 3.5% subsidy and we will bring in money from outside and that will be fantastic',“ said Rajan. According to the governor, he was outraged with a 3.5% subsidy proposal.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>He said that upon joining as an understudy in August, he went around seeking suggestions on what new and interesting measures the RBI could take to change the narrative on the rupee. “There was one proposal which came from bankers that I found completely idiotic. I thought this was a terrible, terrible thing to do. The proposal was: `Give us a 3.5% subsidy and we will bring in money from outside and that will be fantastic',“ said Rajan. According to the governor, he was outraged with a 3.5% subsidy proposal.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=The value of the rupee on the Big Mac Index=</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==2011-22==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=26_07_2023_028_011_cap_TOI&#160; July 26, 2023: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: The value of the Indian rupee on the Big Mac Index 2011-22.jpg|The value of the Indian rupee on the Big Mac Index 2011-22 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=26_07_2023_028_011_cap_TOI&#160; July 26, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Some undervalued currencies.jpg|Some undervalued currencies &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=26_07_2023_028_011_cap_TOI&#160; July 26, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Exchange rate vs currency valuation according to Big Mac index, 2011- 22.jpg|Exchange rate vs currency valuation according to Big Mac index, 2011- 22 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=26_07_2023_028_011_cap_TOI&#160; July 26, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Some undervalued currencies, 2022.jpg|Some undervalued currencies, 2022 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=26_07_2023_028_011_cap_TOI&#160; July 26, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''See graphics''':</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' The value of the Indian rupee on the Big Mac Index 2011-22 ''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' Some undervalued currencies.jpg|Some undervalued currencies ''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' Exchange rate vs currency valuation according to Big Mac index, 2011- 22 ''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' Some undervalued currencies, 2022 ''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|CCURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Government|RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:India|CCURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Counterfeiting currency=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Counterfeiting currency=</div></td></tr> </table> Jyoti http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Currency:_India&diff=126110&oldid=prev Jyoti: /* 2017: Estimates and apprehensions in SBI Ecoflash report */ 2023-06-25T08:05:44Z <p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2017: Estimates and apprehensions in SBI Ecoflash report</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 08:05, 25 June 2023</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,144:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,144:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>“As a logical corollary, as 2,000-denomination currency led to challenges in transactions, it thus seems that the RBI may have either consciously stopped printing the 2,000-denomination notes or is printing in smaller numbers after initially it was printed in ample amount to normalise the liquidity situation,” said Ecoflash.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>“As a logical corollary, as 2,000-denomination currency led to challenges in transactions, it thus seems that the RBI may have either consciously stopped printing the 2,000-denomination notes or is printing in smaller numbers after initially it was printed in ample amount to normalise the liquidity situation,” said Ecoflash.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==2023==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=31_05_2023_021_005_cap_TOI&#160; May 31, 2023: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Currency notes in the economy, 2023.jpg|Currency notes in the economy, 2023 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=31_05_2023_021_005_cap_TOI&#160; May 31, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mumbai : The RBI has said that the ‘currency demand paradox’ of banknotes in circulation going up even as digital payments soar is driven by cautious households. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
According to the RBI, households are holding more high-value currency at home even as they substitute lowervalue currency with digital transactions. “While the UPIled retail digital payments grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 50% and 27% in terms of volume and value, respectively (during 2016-17 to 2021-22), the currency in circulation-toGDP ratio also rose and peaked at 14. 4% in 202021,” RBI said in its annual report.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
The RBI said that the demand was primarily for a precautionary motive and recentdata suggests a turnaround in the pandemic-induced precautionary demand for cash. For 86 weeks since August 2021 (barring April 2022), currency in circulation has grown in single digits year-on-year.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
The value and volume of banknotes in circulation increased by 7. 8% and 4. 4%, respectively, during 2022-23 as compared with 9. 9% and 5%, respectively, during 2021-22. In value terms, the share of Rs 500 and Rs 2,000 banknotes together accounted for 87. 9% of the total value of banknotes in circulation as on March 31, 2023, as compared to 87. 1% as on March 31, 2022.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|CCURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Government|RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:India|CCURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Digital payments, transactions: India=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Digital payments, transactions: India=</div></td></tr> </table> Jyoti http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Currency:_India&diff=125066&oldid=prev Pdewan: /* Trading the rupee */ 2023-05-07T13:27:54Z <p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Trading the rupee</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 13:27, 7 May 2023</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,368:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,368:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Until 1970, this note was also used as currency in Persian and Gulf countries such as Dubai, Bahrain, Muscat and Oman. The Portuguese and French were so impressed by ours that they also issued their own one rupee note.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Until 1970, this note was also used as currency in Persian and Gulf countries such as Dubai, Bahrain, Muscat and Oman. The Portuguese and French were so impressed by ours that they also issued their own one rupee note.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=Symbols shown on Indian cirrency notes=</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==As in 2023== </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://twitter.com/desi_thug1/status/1651783570690801665?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1651783570690801665%7Ctwgr%5E9dbc7fdacf960a47ad3ed54b487589e37429fd91%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Ftrending%2Ftrending-in-india%2Ftwitter-thread-monuments-depicted-on-indian-currency-notes-8585711%2F&#160; &#160; Desi Thug@desi_thug1, April 28, 2023] reminded readers the names of the six monuments and one scientific milestone shown on Indian cirrency notes, as in 2023.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rs 10 note: Konark temple in Odisha’s Puri </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rs 20 Kailash emple at Ellora in Maharashtra </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rs 50 the Stone Chariot in Hampi </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rs 100 the Rani Ki Vav stepwell in Gujarat </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rs 200 The Sanchi Stupa in Madhya Pradesh </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rs 500 The Red Fort/ Lal Qila in New Delhi</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rs 2000 The Mangalyaan [[ Mars Orbiter Mission]] </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Trading the rupee=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Trading the rupee=</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,395:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,414:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|CCURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Government|RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:India|CCURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> </table> Pdewan http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Currency:_India&diff=122630&oldid=prev Jyoti: /* History */ 2023-01-07T20:48:42Z <p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">History</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 20:48, 7 January 2023</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=History=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=History=</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==The Rig Veda onwards==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Rupee note with the Ashoka column.jpg|Rupee note with the Ashoka column &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Punch-marked coins from Magadh (Source- CoinIndia).jpg|Punch-marked coins from Magadh (Source- CoinIndia) &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Coins during Sher Shah Suri's reign (Source- CoinIndia).jpg|Coins during Sher Shah Suri's reign (Source- CoinIndia) &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Note issued by the Bank of Bengal in 1812.jpg|Note issued by the Bank of Bengal in 1812 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: British monarchs on Indian currency.jpg|British monarchs on Indian currency &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Currency used in Burma.jpg|Currency used in Burma &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Post-independence coins (Source- JoelsCoins).jpg|Post-independence coins (Source- JoelsCoins) &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Rs 2 note that was part of the commemorative series showing Gandhi at Sevagram Ashram.jpg|Rs 2 note that was part of the commemorative series showing Gandhi at Sevagram Ashram &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Rs 500 note introduced in 1987.jpg|Rs 500 note introduced in 1987 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Notes in circulation post demonetisation in 2016.jpg|Notes in circulation post demonetisation in 2016 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Tanjore temple on Rs 1,000 note.jpg|Tanjore temple on Rs 1,000 note &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: Gateway of India on the Rs 5,000 note.jpg|Gateway of India on the Rs 5,000 note &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahatma-gandhi-was-not-the-original-choice-for-indian-rupee/articleshow/96594509.cms&#160; Prabhash K Dutta, Dec 30, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">However, the image of Mahatma Gandhi on Indian notes isn’t as old as you might believe. In fact, the legendary freedom fighter was not the first choice of policy-makers when India became independent in 1947 and a Republic three years later in 1950. Instead, they went with the symbol of another apostle of ahimsa — Maurya dynasty’s King Ashoka’s Lion Capital of Sarnath — in 1950.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">But let’s first recap the history of currency in India</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
The Rig Veda talks about Nishka, the common word for an ornament for the neck during the Vedic period; later, historians speculate it represented a gold coin. However, economic exchange at the time was mostly through a barter system. 
</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The first definite evidence of the use of currency comes from the sixth century BC — the age of Gautam Buddha and Mahavir Jain. These coins were punch-marked and used for economic purposes.
These coins had engravings for distinction. For example, western India had a humped bull on the coins and northern Indian coins had a Swastika, while the eastern part had different symbols.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">When the first big empires emerged from Magadha. i.e south Bihar, Mauryan emperor Chandragupta’s prime minister Chanakya, also known as Kautilya, mentioned in his political treatise Arthashastra a number of currency denominations, categorised based on the metal used to make these coins — rupyarupa (silver), suvarnarupa (gold), tamrarupa (copper) and sisarupa (lead). The name rupa (the root word for rupya/rupee) for India currency has, thus, been in use since ancient times.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' Defining moments '''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Through millennia, Indian coins or currencies witnessed several defining moments before the rupee got Mahatma Gandhi portrait in 1969, the year when a politically cornered prime minister, Indira Gandhi, nationalised banks and abolished privy purses.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">One such moment was when the Kushanas (1st-4th century) introduced the busts of the kings on the coins, concretising the link between politics and economy. These coins also had engravings of the favourite deities of the kings, who issued them.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The next big moment came when Sher Shah Suri ousted Mughal king Humayun briefly from India in the 16th century. Sher Shah issued a coin of silver — weighing 178 grains — naming it rupiya, and divided one unit into 40 copper pieces, each called a paisa. The same coin remained in circulation until the arrival of British, who established their political rule in India in the 18th century.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The British trader-rulers attempted to introduce sterling pounds in India, hoping to replace the rupiya, but without success. In 1717, the British East India Company secured permission from the Mughal emperor to make coins at its Bombay Mint. The British named their gold coins 'carolina', the silver coins 'angelina', the copper coins 'cupperoon' and the tin coins ‘tinny'.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
The first paper currency was introduced in India by the Bank of Hindostan, General Bank in Bengal and the Bengal Bank. The oldest surviving banknote — a Two Hundred and Fifty Sicca Rupees note — in India is from 1812, issued by the Bank of Bengal.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The 1857 Revolt was yet another key moment in the evolution of the Indian rupee. The British government took direct control of Indian politics and issued new notes, making the rupee the official currency of colonial India. The new notes had British monarchs, replacing earlier designs on banknotes and coins.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The RBI was established in 1935 and began issuing notes for the Government of India. The first note issued by the RBI was of Rs 5 denomination in 1938. It had an image of King George VI. It even printed Rs 10,000 notes — the highest denomination the RBI ever printed. It was demonetised after Independence — the original demonetisation!
Notes issued by the Government of India and the RBI were overprinted for use in Burma.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Similarly, following Independence, RBI-issued notes were overprinted “Government of Pakistan” in 1947 at the Nasik Press for use in Pakistan until 1948.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
''' Post-Independence rupee '''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
India continued with the British colonial monetary system for some time after securing Independence in 1947, with 1 rupee consisting of 64 pice. The first banknote printed by independent India was a 1 rupee note. The new “anna system” was introduced on August 15, 1950, the year India fully adopted its republic constitution. 
In the post-Independence coinage system, the British king’s portrait was replaced with the engraving of Ashoka’s Lion Capital of Sarnath. One rupee now consisted of 16 annas.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
The first notes — of Re 1 and Rs 10 — of independent India were released in 1949. All denominations were released in 1950 — all bearing the Lion’s Capital. A decimal series was introduced in 1957 through the 1955 Indian Coinage (Amendment) Act, dividing the rupee into 100 paise instead of 16 annas or 64 pice.
To begin with, the new coins were called naye paise — new paise — to distinguish them from the previous coins. Each coin had a different shape to aid the visually-impaired.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' Mahatma on money '''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
Mahatma Gandhi made his first appearance on Indian coins and notes in 1969, when the Mahatma Gandhi Birth Centenary Commemorative Issue was released to mark his birth centenary. (He was born on October 2, 1869.)</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It was in 1987 that Mahatma Gandhi became a regular feature of the Indian rupee, when the Rs 500 denomination was reintroduced by the Rajiv Gandhi government — nine years after the Janata Party government had carried out demonetisation of high value notes.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In 1996, the “Mahatma Gandhi Series” was introduced. The new notes were issued to enhance their security features — such as improved watermarks, windowed security threads, latent images, and intaglio features for the visually-impaired.
These notes were part of the “MG Series” in 2005, with additional security features. The current series of notes were introduced in 2016, following demonetisation by the Modi government.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Long story short, Mahatma Gandhi has been an exclusive feature of the Indian rupee since 1996. Before that different denominations had different images. The Rs 1,000 currency note displayed the motif of Tanjore temple, Rs 5,000 Gateway of India and Rs 10,000 Lion Capital, Ashoka Pillar. Introduced, rather re-introduced, in 1954, these high denomination currency notes were demonetised in 1978.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' Row over Gandhi on note ''' 
</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Recently, some voices were raised over Mahatma Gandhi’s exclusive domain over the Indian rupee, with reports suggesting in June this year that the RBI and the Union finance ministry’s Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India (SPMCI) were working on new designs of the Indian currency, with the aim of bringing Nobel Laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore and former President APJ Abdul Kalam to give company to Mahatma Gandhi.
</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In October, the Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha demanded that Mahatma Gandhi's photo on currency notes be replaced with that of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, whose statue was unveiled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at New Delhi’s iconic India Gate in September.
</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Even Delhi chief minister Arvind Kejriwal in late October suggested that the Indian rupee should have the images of deity-duo Lakshmi and Ganesh, arguing that if a Muslim-majority Indonesia can have the photograph of Ganesha on its currency notes, why would India not do the same. Kejriwal, however, did not suggest replacing the image of Mahatma Gandhi.
</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Now, Mahatma Gandhi’s great-grandson has objected to the design of the newly launched pilot e-rupee.
</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== A history of paper currency in India, 1720-2016 (chart)==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== A history of paper currency in India, 1720-2016 (chart)==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>See the large The Times of India graphic on this page.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>See the large The Times of India graphic on this page.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 122:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 204:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|CCURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Government|RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:India|CCURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CURRENCY: INDIA]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> </table> Jyoti http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Currency:_India&diff=121899&oldid=prev Jyoti: /* 2020 */ 2022-11-15T21:25:40Z <p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">2020</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 21:25, 15 November 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 840:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 840:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>“The rise in currency in circulation in these countries occurred concomitantly with liquidity injecting measures undertaken by their central banks. They were also impacted by the Covid-19 build-up of precautionary balance,” the RBI had said.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>“The rise in currency in circulation in these countries occurred concomitantly with liquidity injecting measures undertaken by their central banks. They were also impacted by the Covid-19 build-up of precautionary balance,” the RBI had said.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</del>: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==2016-2022==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/cash-with-public-75-higher-than-on-note-ban-day/articleshow/95345137.cms&#160; Agencies, Nov 7, 2022: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File: Currency with the public in India, 2016-2022.jpg|Currency with the public in India, 2016-2022 &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/cash-with-public-75-higher-than-on-note-ban-day/articleshow/95345137.cms&#160; Agencies, Nov 7, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MUMBAI: Currency with the public has jumped to a new high of Rs 30.9 lakh crore as of October 21, showing that cash usage is still robust even six years after the demonetisation move. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">At Rs 30.9 lakh crore, the currency with the public is about 75% higher than the level for the fortnight ended November 4, 2016. On November 8, 2016, PM Narendra Modi had announced the decision to withdraw Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 denomination notes with the aim of reducing corruption and black money. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The intent of the move, which was criticised by many experts for poor planning and execution, was to make India a “less cash” economy. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">According to the fortnightly data on money supply released by the RBI on Friday, the currency with the public increased to Rs 30.9 lakh crore as on October 21. 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The figure is arrived at after deducting cash with banks from the currency in circulation. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Cash usage has been steadily rising in the economy, even as newer and far convenient digital alternatives of payments have become popular. 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color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“An increase in digital payments-to-GDP ratio over a period does not seem to automatically imply a fall in the currency to GDP ratio of the country,” it had added. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">It had said that after demonetisation, India has witnessed a significant increase in digital transactions, although the digital payments-to-GDP ratio in the country has been traditionally low. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In a recent note, economists at SBI had said the currency in circulation (CIC) declined by Rs 7,600 crore in the Diwali week, which was the first such decline in nearly two decades if one were to exclude the 2009 festivities, which saw a marginal dip due to the global financial crisis.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CCURRENCY</ins>: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Government|RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Government|RCURRENCY<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</ins>: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RCURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</del>: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CCURRENCY</ins>: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CURRENCY<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: INDIACURRENCY: INDIACURRENCY</ins>: INDIACURRENCY: INDIA</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>CURRENCY: INDIA]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> </table> Jyoti