http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Freedom_of_speech%3A_IndiaFreedom of speech: India - Revision history2026-09-10T11:27:49ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.19.2http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Freedom_of_speech:_India&diff=140448&oldid=prevJyoti: /* Obscenity */2026-09-09T23:30:03Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Obscenity</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Obscenity=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Obscenity=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Abusive language, swearing are not obscenity under IPC: SC/ 2026==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=19_07_2026_001_014_cap_TOI  July 19, 2026: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">New Delhi : Drawing distinction between using abusive language and the offence of obscenity, Supreme Court has said use of mere swear words, profanities and vulgar expletives, however distasteful or uncivil, cannot be equated with obscenity and is not an offence, reports Amit Anand Choudhary . It set aside conviction under Section 294 of a person who had used abusive slurs during an altercation. </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A bench of Justices Sanjay Karol and Vipul M Pancholi said the test to determine obscenity is to see if words fulfil three ingredients: lasciviousness, appeal to prurient interests, and have a tendency to deprave and corrupt persons likely to see, hear or read it.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==‘Bastard:’ Mere use of the word, without sexual element not obscenity: SC==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==‘Bastard:’ Mere use of the word, without sexual element not obscenity: SC==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=08_04_2026_007_010_cap_TOI  April 8, 2026: ''The Times of India'']</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=08_04_2026_007_010_cap_TOI  April 8, 2026: ''The Times of India'']</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>While a person may find vulgar and expletive-filled language to be distasteful, unpalatable, uncivil, and improper, that by itself is not sufficient to be “obscene”. Obscenity relates to material that arouses sexual and lustful thoughts, which is not at all the effect of the abusive language or profanities that have been employed in the episode,” the court said, quoting an earlier verdict.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>While a person may find vulgar and expletive-filled language to be distasteful, unpalatable, uncivil, and improper, that by itself is not sufficient to be “obscene”. Obscenity relates to material that arouses sexual and lustful thoughts, which is not at all the effect of the abusive language or profanities that have been employed in the episode,” the court said, quoting an earlier verdict.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:India|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF S</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Freedom_of_speech:_India&diff=139447&oldid=prevJyoti: /* Obscene acts */2026-05-19T13:52:55Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Obscene acts</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>It also said courts should adopt a judicious approach while taking cognisance as a person against whom no offence is disclosed cannot be put to any harassment by the issue of process. “Issuance of process must be preceded by an application of judicial mind to the material before the court to determine if there is ground for proceedings. ”</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>It also said courts should adopt a judicious approach while taking cognisance as a person against whom no offence is disclosed cannot be put to any harassment by the issue of process. “Issuance of process must be preceded by an application of judicial mind to the material before the court to determine if there is ground for proceedings. ”</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">India|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH</del>: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=Obscenity=</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIA]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==‘Bastard</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">’ Mere use of the word, without sexual element not obscenity</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SC==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</del>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Category</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Law</del>,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Constitution,Judiciary|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH</del>: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=08_04_2026_007_010_cap_TOI  April 8</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2026</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''The Times of India''</ins>]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIA]</del>]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">New Delhi : Referring to the apex court’s various judgments defining “obscene” as something which has the potential to appeal to the prurient interest of a person, Supreme Court has said that the mere use of bastard “without a sexual or prurient element” does not constitute an offence of obscenity under IPC Section 294.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FREEDOM </del>OF SPEECH: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIA</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Law,Constitution,Judiciary|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> “...in our view, mere use of the word ‘bastard’, by itself, is not sufficient to arouse prurient interest of a person. More so when such words are commonly used in the modern era during heated conversations,” a bench of Justices P S Narasimha and Manoj Misra said. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FREEDOM </del>OF SPEECH: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIA</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The bench said the words “obscene” and “obscenity” had not been defined under IPC and the court had to take into account SC’s judgment on how “obscene” was construed. Referring to an earlier verdict, the court said obscenity must be judged with regard to contemporary mores and national standards . </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“...It is well established from the precedents cited that vulgarity and profanities do not per se amount to obscenity. </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">While a person may find vulgar and expletive-filled language to be distasteful, unpalatable, uncivil, and improper, that by itself is not sufficient to be “obscene”. Obscenity relates to material that arouses sexual and lustful thoughts, which is not at all the effect of the abusive language or profanities that have been employed in the episode,” the court said, quoting an earlier verdict.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Law,Constitution,Judiciary|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIAFREEDOM </ins>OF SPEECH: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF S</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Political support for freedom of speech=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Political support for freedom of speech=</div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotihttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Freedom_of_speech:_India&diff=136300&oldid=prevJyoti: /* SC on licence fee, Wage Board, Sakal, Yellow Pages, newspaper price */2025-05-23T06:47:40Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">SC on licence fee, Wage Board, Sakal, Yellow Pages, newspaper price</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Carrying this logic further, the Supreme Court, in the Tata Yellow Pages case, included commercial Free Speech, ie, advertising, to be a part of Free Speech. This proposition is still doubtful, since it could enable ‘paid’ news to take the benefit of commercial speech being a part of Free Speech.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Carrying this logic further, the Supreme Court, in the Tata Yellow Pages case, included commercial Free Speech, ie, advertising, to be a part of Free Speech. This proposition is still doubtful, since it could enable ‘paid’ news to take the benefit of commercial speech being a part of Free Speech.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Paid news is a reality, and therefore if you follow the dicta of the American judgments which Tata Press has followed in India, will Free Speech also provide a right which extends to paid news? Obviously it does not sound logical, and therefore this issue has not come up before the courts. However, if there was to be a penal provision against paid news, it would have to be tested on the touchstone of whether it violates Free Speech or not.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Paid news is a reality, and therefore if you follow the dicta of the American judgments which Tata Press has followed in India, will Free Speech also provide a right which extends to paid news? Obviously it does not sound logical, and therefore this issue has not come up before the courts. However, if there was to be a penal provision against paid news, it would have to be tested on the touchstone of whether it violates Free Speech or not.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Sub judice cases==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===Non- contemptuous debate permissible/ SC 225===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=10_05_2025_029_016_cap_TOI AmitAnand Choudhary, May 10, 2025: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">New Delhi : Favouring a robust debate in the media on issues pending in court, Supreme Court on Friday said the judiciary and the press must supplement each other as foundational pillars of democracy and held that a court should not tell the media to take down a report if it was not contemptuous.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> The court quashed Delhi high court’s order directing taking down of a Wikipedia page on proceedings on a defamation case filed against it by news agency ANI. It said healthy criticism and scrutiny by the media in sub judice cases would keep judicial caprice or vagaries in check.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> “Courts should welcome debates and constructive criticism... However, those who offer criticism should remember that judges cannot respond to such criticism, but if a publication scandalises the court or a judge or judges and if a case of contempt is made out, as highlighted by Justice Iyer in the sixth principle, certainly courts should take action. But it is not the duty of the court to tell the media: delete this, take that down,” SC said.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Right to dissent=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Right to dissent=</div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotihttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Freedom_of_speech:_India&diff=135936&oldid=prevJyoti: /* Freedom of speech should not become a licence for vilification: SC */2025-05-04T07:26:21Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Freedom of speech should not become a licence for vilification: SC</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In an impassioned speech in Meerut in 1888, Sir Syed said, "At the same time you must remember that although the number of Mahomedans is less than that of the Hindus, and although they contain far fewer people who have received a high English education, yet they must not be thought insignificant or weak.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In an impassioned speech in Meerut in 1888, Sir Syed said, "At the same time you must remember that although the number of Mahomedans is less than that of the Hindus, and although they contain far fewer people who have received a high English education, yet they must not be thought insignificant or weak.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>"Probably they would be by themselves enough to maintain their own position. But suppose they were not, then our Mussalman brothers, the Pathans, would come out as a swarm of locusts from their mountain valleys, and make rivers of blood to flow from their frontier in the north to the extreme end of Bengal.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>"Probably they would be by themselves enough to maintain their own position. But suppose they were not, then our Mussalman brothers, the Pathans, would come out as a swarm of locusts from their mountain valleys, and make rivers of blood to flow from their frontier in the north to the extreme end of Bengal.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>"This thing — who, after the departure of the English, would be conquerors — would rest on the will of god. But until one nation has conquered the other and made it obedient, peace could not reign in the land. This conclusion is based on proof so absolute that no one can deny it."</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>"This thing — who, after the departure of the English, would be conquerors — would rest on the will of god. But until one nation has conquered the other and made it obedient, peace could not reign in the land. This conclusion is based on proof so absolute that no one can deny it."</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>JNUSU president Kanhaiya Kumar had the last laugh. After release on bail, he made an impassioned speech. But he too resorted to branding when he said, "Those in media siding with JNU are actually not speaking for JNU - they are calling a spade a spade." What did this convey, if you are not agreeing with us, then you are not speaking the truth.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>JNUSU president Kanhaiya Kumar had the last laugh. After release on bail, he made an impassioned speech. But he too resorted to branding when he said, "Those in media siding with JNU are actually not speaking for JNU - they are calling a spade a spade." What did this convey, if you are not agreeing with us, then you are not speaking the truth.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The Supreme Court has zealously protected the right to free speech and expression through many landmark judgments - Shakal Papers (1961), Kedar Nath Singh (1962), Bennett Coleman (1972) and Indian Express (1984).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The Supreme Court has zealously protected the right to free speech and expression through many landmark judgments - Shakal Papers (1961), Kedar Nath Singh (1962), Bennett Coleman (1972) and Indian Express (1984).</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The SC never diluted any of the eight restrictions on free speech provided under Article 19(2), inserted through the first constitutional amendment in 1951 by the Jawaharlal Nehru government. At the same time, it never foresaw free speech acting as a catalyst for a clash of ideas or ideologies. It had hoped that free flow of ideas through free speech would make democracy more vibrant.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The SC never diluted any of the eight restrictions on free speech provided under Article 19(2), inserted through the first constitutional amendment in 1951 by the Jawaharlal Nehru government. At the same time, it never foresaw free speech acting as a catalyst for a clash of ideas or ideologies. It had hoped that free flow of ideas through free speech would make democracy more vibrant.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In Kedar Nath Singh case [1962 AIR 955], the SC had said, "This court, as the custodian and guarantor of the fundamental rights of the citizens, has the duty cast upon it of striking down any law which unduly restricts the freedom of speech and expression with which we are concerned in this case.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In Kedar Nath Singh case [1962 AIR 955], the SC had said, "This court, as the custodian and guarantor of the fundamental rights of the citizens, has the duty cast upon it of striking down any law which unduly restricts the freedom of speech and expression with which we are concerned in this case.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Judge’s dislike of report not enough reason to ask media to take it down:  SC==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=10_04_2025_027_021_cap_TOI  April 10, 2025: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">New Delhi : Supreme Court said that a court could not direct media houses to take down any report of court proceedings even if the judge did not like it, and such order could be passed only after coming to the prima facie finding that the report was contemptuous, reports AmitAnand Choudhary.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> The court was hearing a plea filed by Wikimedia challenging a Delhi HC order directing it to take down a page on proceedings in HC. Referring to itself, the bench said it was criticised every day as someone said it was “insensitive” while another said it had “preconceived notions” but the “shoulder is broad enough to face such criticism” and it did not affect them.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' Same SC bench recently ruled on free speech in Cong MP case '''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Prima facie, what we feel is, we are not saying that the court is powerless to direct that some content should be removed… condition precedent is a prima facie finding giving reasons why it amounts to contempt,” the bench of Justices Abhay S Oka and Ujjal Bhuyan said while reserving its verdict on Wikimedia’s plea.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Appearing for Wikimedia, senior advocate Kapil Sibal said the HC order would have a chilling effect on freedom of media. He told the court that what was written on the page was taken from other media outlets and the footnote mentioned it but still HC passed an order against his client and directed it to take down the page titled ‘Asian News International v Wikimedia Foundation’.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> “We agree with you. Suppose somebody publishes a news item about me or my brother judge, that we threatened someone in court, we will not be bothered by it. The only thing is a judge can’t answer if somebody puts words in the judge’s mouth,” the bench said. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Notably, the same bench had recently passed an order on Congress MP Imran Pratapgarhi’s plea and held that courts must protect freedom of speech and expression even if judges didn’t like the content.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Law,Constitution,Judiciary|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF S</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Judiciary has continually expanded its definition==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Judiciary has continually expanded its definition==</div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotihttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Freedom_of_speech:_India&diff=130427&oldid=prevJyoti: /* Press freedom */2024-03-16T22:26:06Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Press freedom</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Paid news is a reality, and therefore if you follow the dicta of the American judgments which Tata Press has followed in India, will Free Speech also provide a right which extends to paid news? Obviously it does not sound logical, and therefore this issue has not come up before the courts. However, if there was to be a penal provision against paid news, it would have to be tested on the touchstone of whether it violates Free Speech or not.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Paid news is a reality, and therefore if you follow the dicta of the American judgments which Tata Press has followed in India, will Free Speech also provide a right which extends to paid news? Obviously it does not sound logical, and therefore this issue has not come up before the courts. However, if there was to be a penal provision against paid news, it would have to be tested on the touchstone of whether it violates Free Speech or not.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:India|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=Right to dissent=</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIA]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Supreme Court 2024 on comments on Article 370, Pakistan’s Independence Day==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Category</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Law</del>,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Constitution,Judiciary|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH</del>: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=08_03_2024_001_010_cap_TOI  March 8</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2024</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''The Times of India''</ins>]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIA]</del>]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FREEDOM </del>OF SPEECH: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIA</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">New Delhi: In a landmark judgment, Supreme Court on Thursday made ‘right to dissent lawfully’ a part of right to life and said terming abrogation of J&K’s special status under Article 370 a ‘black day’, coupled with wishing happy independence day to Pakistan, would not constitute an offence of promoting enmity between groups or communities on religious lines under Section 153A of IPC, reports Dhananjay Mahapatra.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Law,Constitution,Judiciary|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIA</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FREEDOM </del>OF SPEECH: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INDIA</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> “Every citizen of India has aright to be critical of the action of abrogation of Art 370 & the change of status of J&K. Describing the day the abrogation happened as a ‘black day’ is an expression of protest and anguish. If every criticism or protest of actions of the state is to be held as an offence under Sect 153A, democracy, which is an essential feature of the Constitution, won’t survive,” said a bench of Justices Abhay S Oka & Ujjal Bhuyan.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' Right to dissent lawfully must be treated as part of right to life: SC '''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A bench of Justices Abhay S Oka and Ujjal Bhuyan quashed an FIR against Javed Ahmad Hajam, a resident of Baramulla in Kashmir who was booked for criticising abrogation of Article 370.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> “The right to dissent in a lawful manner must be treated as a part of the right to lead a dignified and meaningful life guaranteed by Article 21,” the bench said. SC, which in the past had initiated contempt of court proceedings for criticism of judges, took a broad view of Hajam’s criticism of abrogation of Article 370 and wishing Pakistan on its Independence Day and said time has come to sensitise police about freedom of speech and expression and the right of citizens to dissent and criticise every action of govt. “The right to dissent in a legitimate and lawful manner is an integral part of rights guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a). Every individual must respect the right of others to dissent. An opportunity to peacefully protest against decisions of govt is an essential part of democracy,” said Justice Oka, who authored the judgment.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> However, the bench clarified that protest or dissent must be within four corners of the modes permissible in a democratic setup. It was subject to reasonable restrictions imposed in accordance with clause (2) of Article 19. In the present case, Hajam had not crossed the line, it said.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> The bench said India was a democratic republic for more than 75 years and its population knew the importance of democratic values. “Therefore, it is not possible to conclude that the (se) words will promote disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religious groups,” it said.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> SC prescribed the age-old formula for testing what kind of statements would attract Section 153A. “The test to be applied is not the effect of words on some individuals with weak minds or who see a danger in every hostile point of view. The test is of the general impact of utterances on reasonable people who are significant in numbers. Merely because a few individuals may develop hatred or ill will, it will not be sufficient to attract clause (a) of sub-section (1) of Section 153A of IPC,” it said.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> “Every citizen has the right to extend good wishes to citizens of other countries on their respective independence days. If a citizen of India extends good wishes to citizens of Pakistan on Aug14, which is their Independence Day, there is nothing wrong with it. It’s agesture of goodwill. In such a case, it cannot be said that such acts will tend to create disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religious groups. Motives cannot be attributed to the appellant only because he belongs to a particular religion,” the bench said.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> “Now, time has come to enlighten and educate our police machinery on the concept of freedom of speech and expression guaranteed by Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution and the extent of reasonable restraint on their free speech and expression. They must be sensitised about the democratic values enshrined in our Constitution,” it added.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> The bench said the statement that Aug 5 (when Article 370 was abrogated) is a ‘Black Day for J&K’, on a plain reading is a criticism of govt decision to abrogate special status.</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Freedom_of_speech:_India&diff=127826&oldid=prevPdewan: /* See also */2023-09-17T10:48:29Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">See also</span></span></p>
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</table>Pdewanhttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Freedom_of_speech:_India&diff=127825&oldid=prevPdewan: /* See also */2023-09-17T10:47:53Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">See also</span></span></p>
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</table>Pdewanhttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Freedom_of_speech:_India&diff=127824&oldid=prevPdewan: /* See also */2023-09-17T10:46:47Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">See also</span></span></p>
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</table>Pdewanhttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Freedom_of_speech:_India&diff=126462&oldid=prevJyoti: /* Obscene acts */2023-07-08T19:48:05Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Obscene acts</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 19:48, 8 July 2023</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Law,Constitution,Judiciary|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIA</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Law,Constitution,Judiciary|FFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIAFREEDOM OF SPEECH: INDIA</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=Nudity, obscenity=</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Kerala High Court, 2023==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/nudity-and-obscenity-not-always-synonymous-kerala-high-court/articleshow/100778659.cms  TNN, June 6, 2023: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">KOCHI: The Kerala high court said that “nudity and obscenity are not always synonymous”, as it discharged a suit against women’s rights activist Rehana Fathima, who’s facing multiple charges for uploading a video in 2020 of her young son and daughter painting on her bare torso.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Justice Kauser Edappagath said painting on a mother’s upper body by her own children as an art project “cannot be characterised as a real or simulated sexual act…” It was “harsh” to label the “innocent artistic expression” an act of using a child for sexual gratification, the judge said.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">33-year-old Fathima was facing charges under various provisions of Protection of Children Against Sexual Offences Act (Pocso) as well as Juvenile Justice and Information Technology (IT) laws for uploading the video on social media. The prosecution had called Fathima’s act obscene and indecent.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The court said the right of autonomy over one’s body is often denied to women and they are bullied, discriminated against, isolated and persecuted for making choices about their body and life.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“The right of a woman to make autonomous decisions about her body is at the very core of her fundamental right to equality and privacy. It also falls within the realm of personal liberty guaranteed by Article 21 of the Constitution,” the judge said.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A trial court had earlier dismissed Fathima’s appeal against the case. She told the HC that the body painting was a statement against society’s default view that the naked torso of a female is sexualised in all contexts, but men can walk bare-chested.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The HC agreed with her contention and said: “It is wrong to classify nudity as essentially obscene or even indecent or immoral. ”</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>It also said courts should adopt a judicious approach while taking cognisance as a person against whom no offence is disclosed cannot be put to any harassment by the issue of process. “Issuance of process must be preceded by an application of judicial mind to the material before the court to determine if there is ground for proceedings. ”</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>It also said courts should adopt a judicious approach while taking cognisance as a person against whom no offence is disclosed cannot be put to any harassment by the issue of process. “Issuance of process must be preceded by an application of judicial mind to the material before the court to determine if there is ground for proceedings. ”</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Freedom_of_speech:_India&diff=124985&oldid=prevPdewan: /* Hate speech */2023-04-29T22:11:05Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Hate speech</span></span></p>
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