Halba - Revision history

Pdewan: /* Halba/Halbi */

2016-11-25T22:25:21Z

‎Halba/Halbi

Pdewan at 22:24, 25 November 2016

2016-11-25T22:24:22Z

Pdewan at 10:59, 11 March 2014

2014-03-11T10:59:58Z

Pdewan at 10:58, 11 March 2014

2014-03-11T10:58:56Z

Pdewan at 10:58, 11 March 2014

2014-03-11T10:58:16Z

Pdewan at 10:07, 11 March 2014

2014-03-11T10:07:58Z

Pdewan at 10:05, 11 March 2014

2014-03-11T10:05:07Z

Pdewan at 19:46, 15 February 2014

2014-02-15T19:46:20Z

Pdewan: Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|
This article was written in 1916 when conditions were different. Even in
1916 its contents related only ..."

2014-02-15T19:41:56Z

Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%"> This article was written in 1916 when conditions were different. Even in<br/>1916 its contents related only ..."

Show changes

@@ Line 378: / Line 378: @@
 (From ''People of India/ National Series Volume VIII.'' Readers who wish to share additional information/ photographs may please send them as messages to the Facebook community, [http://www.facebook.com/Indpaedia Indpaedia.com]. All information used will be gratefully acknowledged in your name.)
-Synonyms: Halbi, Halva, Halvi, Halwa, Holva [Orissa
+Synonyms: Halbi, Halva, Halvi, Halwa, Holva [Orissa]
-−
 Groups/subgroups: Bastaria, Chhattisgarhi, Purit or
- Pure Halba, Surit or Mixed Halba [Madhya Pradesh a
+Pure Halba, Surit or Mixed Halba [Madhya Pradesh a
 nd/or
 Chhattisgarh]
@@ Line 391: / Line 390: @@
 Surnames: Bende, Daikwad, Kallar, Krishan, Nandanwa
 r, Pakhale, Peru, Raut, Tirgu [Maharashtra]
-Bakra, Barobundia, Bhaia, Dera, Jeeram, Kuar, Majhi
+Bakra, Barobundia, Bhaia, Dera, Jeeram, Kuar, Majhi,Marapalia, Nayak, Nekal, Rana, Samarath, Sukaloo,
-, Marapalia, Nayak, Nekal, Rana, Samarath, Sukaloo,
+Sunia
- Sunia
 [Orissa]
 *Exogamous sections: Agri, Aurila, Baghel, Baretha,
- Barhai, Bhandari, Bhoyar, Bhringraj, Chalki, Ohaka
+Barhai, Bhandari, Bhoyar, Bhringraj, Chalki, Ohaka
 r, Elmia,
 Ghorapatia, Gohi, Kanderi, Kawaliha, Lendia, Malia,
- Manjur, Mankar, Pardhan, Ponwar, Rawat Sahara [Rus
+Manjur, Mankar, Pardhan, Ponwar, Rawat Sahara [Rus
 sell &
 Hiralal]
 Bag (tiger), Bagh, Baradwajpakshi (a kind of bird),
- Bharadwaj pakshi, Gaduda, Goria pakshi, Goriapaksh
+Bharadwaj pakshi, Gaduda, Goria pakshi, Goriapaksh
 i, Honu,
 Honu (monkey), Kochim, Nag (cobra), Nag Kochim (tor

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:24, 25 November 2016
Line 375:		Line 375:
	They move in Indian file, the first man carrying a lantern and the others walking behind him in its shadow. They walk with measured tread, and the ghunghunias give out		They move in Indian file, the first man carrying a lantern and the others walking behind him in its shadow. They walk with measured tread, and the ghunghunias give out
	a rhythmical harmonious sound. Hares and other small animals are attracted by the sound, and at the same time half-blinded by the light, so that they do not see the line of men. They approach, and are knocked over or caught by the men following the leader.		a rhythmical harmonious sound. Hares and other small animals are attracted by the sound, and at the same time half-blinded by the light, so that they do not see the line of men. They approach, and are knocked over or caught by the men following the leader.
		+	=Halba/Halbi=
		+	(From ''People of India/ National Series Volume VIII.'' Readers who wish to share additional information/ photographs may please send them as messages to the Facebook community, [http://www.facebook.com/Indpaedia Indpaedia.com]. All information used will be gratefully acknowledged in your name.)
		+
		+	Synonyms: Halbi, Halva, Halvi, Halwa, Holva [Orissa
		+	]
		+	Groups/subgroups: Bastaria, Chhattisgarhi, Purit or
		+	Pure Halba, Surit or Mixed Halba [Madhya Pradesh a
		+	nd/or
		+	Chhattisgarh]
		+	Rakshit, Sahu, Sureit [Orissa]
		+	*Subcastes: Barpangat, Barpangat, Bastarha, Chhatti
		+	sgarhia, Khalpangat, Khalpangats, Marethia, Nekha,
		+	Surait
		+	[Russell & Hiralal]
		+	Surnames: Bende, Daikwad, Kallar, Krishan, Nandanwa
		+	r, Pakhale, Peru, Raut, Tirgu [Maharashtra]
		+	Bakra, Barobundia, Bhaia, Dera, Jeeram, Kuar, Majhi
		+	, Marapalia, Nayak, Nekal, Rana, Samarath, Sukaloo,
		+	Sunia
		+	[Orissa]
		+	*Exogamous sections: Agri, Aurila, Baghel, Baretha,
		+	Barhai, Bhandari, Bhoyar, Bhringraj, Chalki, Ohaka
		+	r, Elmia,
		+	Ghorapatia, Gohi, Kanderi, Kawaliha, Lendia, Malia,
		+	Manjur, Mankar, Pardhan, Ponwar, Rawat Sahara [Rus
		+	sell &
		+	Hiralal]
		+	Bag (tiger), Bagh, Baradwajpakshi (a kind of bird),
		+	Bharadwaj pakshi, Gaduda, Goria pakshi, Goriapaksh
		+	i, Honu,
		+	Honu (monkey), Kochim, Nag (cobra), Nag Kochim (tor
		+	toise) [Orissa]
		+	Exogamous units/clans (bans): Bhagel (tiger), Bhart
		+	iya, Goria, Kachim (tortoise), Kilkiliya, Nag (snak
		+	e), Netam (pig)
		+	[Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]
		+	Gotra: Kashyap [Madhya Pradesh and/or Chhattisgarh]
		+	Exogamous units/lineages (bans): [Madhya Pradesh an
		+	d/or Chhattisgarh]

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+{| class="wikitable"
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 See [[examples]] and a tutorial.</div>
+|}
 [[Category:India|H]]
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 [[Category:Name|Alphabet]]
 [[Category:Name|Alphabet]]
 From '''The Tribes And Castes Of The Central Provinces Of India '''
@@ Line 24: / Line 23: @@
 Assisted By
 Rai Bahadur Hira Lal,
 Extra Assistant Commissioner
 Macmillan And Co., Limited, London, 1916.

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 [[Category:Name|Alphabet]]
 [[Category:Name|Alphabet]]
 From '''The Tribes And Castes Of The Central Provinces Of India '''

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 See [[examples]] and a tutorial.</div>
-|}http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Halba&action=edit
 [[Category:India|H]]

@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 could well surpass the Gond. Traditions also remain in Bastar of a Halba revolt. It is said that during Raja
 Chalki is said to have been a also be taken from the Chalukya Brahman who gave shelter to the Rajput clan. pregnant fugitive widow of a Raja
-−
-[[File:   halbas1.png| |frame|500px]]
 The Rawats or Ahhs are graziers, and her child was the ancestor of the and the Bhatra, Parja and Muria are Bastar dynasty. But the name may primitive tribes allied to the Gonds.

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 See [[examples]] and a tutorial.</div>
-|}
+|}http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Halba&action=edit
 [[Category:India|H]]
@@ Line 257: / Line 257: @@
 give a penal caste-feast. After the interment the mourners
 bathe and return to the deceased's house in their wet clothes.
-ii PROPITIATING SPIRITS 195
 Before entering it they wash their feet in water, which is
 kept for that purpose at the door, and chew the leaves of the nlm tree {Melia indica). They smoke their clwngis or
@@ Line 375: / Line 375: @@
 They move in Indian file, the first man carrying a lantern and the others walking behind him in its shadow. They walk with measured tread, and the ghunghunias give out
-a rhythmical harmonious sound. Hares and other small animals are attracted by the sound, and at the same time half-blinded by the light, so that they do not see the line of men. They approach, and are knocked over or caught by the men following the leader. Halwai. —The occupational caste of confectioners, numbering about 3000 persons in the Central Provinces and Berar in 191 1. The Halwai takes his name from hakua, a sweet made of flour, clarified butter and sugar, coloured with
+a rhythmical harmonious sound. Hares and other small animals are attracted by the sound, and at the same time half-blinded by the light, so that they do not see the line of men. They approach, and are knocked over or caught by the men following the leader.
-−
-saffron and flavoured with almonds, raisins and pistachio- nuts. 1 The caste gives no account of its origin in northern India, but it is clearly a functional group composed of members of respectable middle-class castes who adopted the profession of sweetmeat-making. The Halwais are also called Mithaihas, or preparers of sweets, and in the Uriya country are known as Guria from gur or unrefined sugar.
-−
-The caste has several subdivisions with territorial names, generally derived from places in northern India, as Kanaujia
-from Kanauj, and Jaunpuria from Jaunpur ; others are Kandu, a grain-parcher, and Dubisya, meaning two score. One of the Guria subdivisions is named Haldia from haldi, turmeric, and members of this subcaste are employed to pre-
-pare the inahap}'asdd or cooked rice which is served at the
-temple of Jagannath and which is eaten by all castes together without scruple. The Gurias have exogamous divisions or bargas, the names of which are generally functional, as Darban, door-keeper ; Saraf, treasurer ; Bhitarya, one who
-looks to household affairs, and others. Marriage within the
-barga is forbidden, but the union of first cousins is not pro- hibited. Marriage may be infant or adult.
-−
-A girl who has a liaison with a man of the caste may be wedded #to him by
-the form used for the remarriage of a widow, but if she goes wrong with an outsider she is finally expelled. Widow- marriage is allowed, and divorce may be effected for mis-
-conduct on the part of the wife. The social standing of the Halwai is respectable. " His art," says Mr. Nesfield,2 " implies rather an advanced state of culture, and hence his rank in the social scale is a high one. There is no caste in India which considers itself too pure to eat what a confectioner has made. In marriage banquets it is he who supplies a large part of the feast, and at all times and seasons the sweetmeat is a favourite food to a Hindu requiring a temporary refreshment. There is a kind of bread called pnri, consisting of wheaten dough fried in melted butter, which is taken as a substitute for the diapati or wheaten pancake by travellers and others who happen to be unable to have their bread cooked at their own fire, and is made by the Halwais."
-Crooke, ii. 481. 2 Brief View, p. 31.
-−
-−
-−
-The real reason why the Halvvai occupies a good position
-perhaps simply results from the necessity that other castes should be able to take cakes from him. Among the higher
-castes food cooked with water should not be eaten except
-at the hearth after this has been specially cleansed and spread with cowdung, and those who are to eat have bathed and otherwise purified themselves. But as the need continuously
-arises for travellers and others to take a meal abroad where
-they cannot cook it for themselves, sweetmeats and cakes made without water are permitted to be eaten in this way, and the Halwai, as the purveyor of these, has been given the position of a pure caste from whose hands a Brahman can take water.
-−
-In a similar manner, water may be taken from the hands of the Dhlmar who is a household servant, the Kahar or palanquin -bearer, the Barai or betel -leaf seller,
-and the Bharbhunja or rice-parcher, although some of these castes have a very low origin and occupy the humble posi-
-tion of menial servants. The Halwai's shop is one of the most familiar in an Indian bazar, and in towns a whole row of them may be seen
-together, this arrangement being doubtless adopted for the
-social convenience of the caste-fellows, though it might be
-expected to decrease the custom that they receive. His
-wares consist of trays full of white and yellow-coloured
-sweetmeats and cakes of flour and sugar, very unappetising to a European eye, though Hindu boys show no lack of appreciation of them.
-−
-The Hindus are very fond of sweet things, which is perhaps a common trait of an uneducated palate. Hindu children will say that such sweets as choco- late almonds are too bitter, and their favourite drink, sherbet, is simply a mixture of sugar and water with some flavouring, and seems scarcely calculated to quench the thirst pro-
-duced by an Indian hot weather. Similarly their tea is so
-sweetened with sugar and spices as to be distasteful to a
-European. The ingredients of a Halwai's sweets are wheat and gram-flour, milk and country sugar. Those called batasJias
-consist merely of syrup of sugar boiled with a little flour, which is taken out in spoonfuls and allowed to cool. They are very easy to make and are commonly distributed to
-−
-schoolbo} r s on any occasion of importance, and are some- thing like a meringue in composition. The kind called barafi or ice is made from thick boiled milk mixed with sugar, and is more expensive and considered more of a treat than batdshas.
-−
-Laddus are made from gram-flour which is mixed with water and dropped into boiling butter, when it hardens
-into lumps. These are taken out and dipped in syrup of sugar and allowed to cool. Pheni is a thin strip of dough
-of fine wheat-flour fried in butter and then dipped in syrup of sugar. Other sweets are made from the flour of singdra or water-nut and from chironji, the kernel of the acJidr 1 nut, coated with sugar. Of ordinary sweets the cheaper kinds cost 8 annas a seer of 2 lb. and the more expensive ones
-or 12 annas.
-−
-Sweets prepared by Bengali confectioners are considered the best of all. The Halwai sits on a board in his shop surrounded by wooden trays of the different
-kinds of sweets. These are often covered with crowds of
-flies and in some places with a variety of formidable-looking hornets. The latter do not appear to be vicious, however, and when he wishes to take sweets off a tray the Halwai whisks them off with a palm-leaf brush. Only if one of them gets into his cloth, or he unguardedly pushes his hand down into a heap of sweets and encounters a hornet, he may receive a sting of which the mark remains for some time. The better-class confectioners now imitate English sweets, and at fairs when they retail boiled grain and gJil they provide spoons and little basins for their customers.

Halba - Revision history

Pdewan: /* Halba/Halbi */

Pdewan at 22:24, 25 November 2016

Pdewan at 10:59, 11 March 2014

Pdewan at 10:58, 11 March 2014

Pdewan at 10:58, 11 March 2014

Pdewan at 10:07, 11 March 2014

Pdewan at 10:05, 11 March 2014

Pdewan at 19:46, 15 February 2014

Pdewan: Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"| This article was written in 1916 when conditions were different. Even in1916 its contents related only ..."

Pdewan: Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|
This article was written in 1916 when conditions were different. Even in
1916 its contents related only ..."