http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Maratha%3A_Military_Architecture%2F_FortsMaratha: Military Architecture/ Forts - Revision history2026-06-14T11:41:42ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.19.2http://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Maratha:_Military_Architecture/_Forts&diff=137926&oldid=prevJyoti: /* Maratha fortresses in UNESCO World Heritage List */2025-09-28T10:48:38Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Maratha fortresses in UNESCO World Heritage List</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Maratha fortresses in UNESCO World Heritage List<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</del>=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Status in 2025=</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=18_09_2025_009_002_cap_TOI  Swati Shinde Gole, Sandip Dighe, Sarang Dastane & Rahul Gayakwad, TNN, Sep 18, 2025: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File: Maratha architecture, what makes these forts stand out.jpg|Maratha architecture, what makes these forts stand out <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=18_09_2025_009_002_cap_TOI  Swati Shinde Gole, Sandip Dighe, Sarang Dastane & Rahul Gayakwad, TNN, Sep 18, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' Pride & preservation clash as Maratha forts get heritage tag '''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Hewn out of cliffs and escarpments in the Sahyadri ranges, perched on islands, and built atop plateaus, Maharashtra’s forts, with their strong Chhatrapati Shiva ji links, are now a world treasure. In a defining moment for India’s cultural heritage, Unesco placed 12 iconic Maratha forts on the global map in July, inscribing them as Maratha Military Landscapes on its list of World Heritage Sites.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> The Maratha Military Landscapes is a group of 12 forts that were occupied and developed by Maratha rulers between the 17th and 19th centuries: Salher Fort, Shivneri Fort, Lohagad, Khanderi, Raigad Fort, Rajgad Fort, Pratapgad, Suvarnadurg, Panhala Fort, Vijaydurg Fort and Sindhudurg Fort in Maharashtra, and Gingee Fort in Tamil Nadu.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> ''' Pride, Tinged With Eviction Fears ''' </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Each fort has its own battle legends, apart from details of governance, innovation, cultural assertion and honour. Rajgad, Shiva ji’s first capital, was chosen for its natural defences and advantage in overlooking the valleys below. Its triplelayered fortifications, water systems and living quarters showcase how geography was turned into strategy. Salher in Nashik, Maharashtra’s northernmost fort in the list, is the highest in the Sahyadris and the site of a legendary battle in 1672, where the Marathas defeated the Mughals in open combat.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Coastal strongholds such as Sindhudurg and Suvarnadurg were constructed not just to repel European naval powers, but also to establish Maratha naval dominance, a rare feat in Indian military history. Shivneri, the birthplace of Shiva ji, evokes deep emotion, even though its fortification walls are slowly yielding to time and neglect.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Panhala in Kolhapur, a giant among forts, offers sweeping views and holds within its bastions the tale of Chhatrapati Tarabai’s resistance against the Mughals long after her illustrious father-in-law. It was also where Shiva ji famously escaped Siddi Johar’s siege under the cover of night.  </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Every year, some 8 lakh to 10 lakh tourists visit Panhala Fort.  </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The state’s management plan, submitted to Unesco, acknowledges the delicate condition of many forts. Shivneri, for instance, suffers from structural degradation and insufficient sanitation infrastructure; Lohagad and Rajgad lack basic visitor amenities; Suvarnadurg and Sindhudurg battle coastal erosion and salt-laden winds that accelerate decay. </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Maratha fortresses in UNESCO World Heritage List=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/12-maratha-fortresses-unesco-world-heritage-list-10132666/ Written by Kartika Jamdar, July 18, 2025: ''The Indian Express'']</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/12-maratha-fortresses-unesco-world-heritage-list-10132666/ Written by Kartika Jamdar, July 18, 2025: ''The Indian Express'']</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|M MARATHA: MILITARY ARCHITECTURE</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|M MARATHA: MILITARY ARCHITECTURE</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Maratha:_Military_Architecture/_Forts&diff=137766&oldid=prevPdewan: Pdewan moved page Maratha: Military Architecture to Maratha: Military Architecture/ Forts2025-09-18T10:33:19Z<p>Pdewan moved page <a href="/ind/index.php/Maratha:_Military_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha: Military Architecture">Maratha: Military Architecture</a> to <a href="/ind/index.php/Maratha:_Military_Architecture/_Forts" title="Maratha: Military Architecture/ Forts">Maratha: Military Architecture/ Forts</a></p>
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</tr></table>Pdewanhttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Maratha:_Military_Architecture/_Forts&diff=137203&oldid=prevJyoti: /* Introduction */2025-07-21T19:05:27Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Defence|M  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Maratha fortresses in UNESCO World Heritage List==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/12-maratha-fortresses-unesco-world-heritage-list-10132666/ Written by Kartika Jamdar, July 18, 2025: ''The Indian Express'']</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' 1. RAIGAD '''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Once the capital of the Maratha Empire because of its strategic location and colossal size, Raigad fort is located in the north Konkan region of Maharashtra. The fort is surrounded by deep valleys, and access is only through a steep pathway in front.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The fort has special significance in Maratha history because it was here in 1674 CE, that Shiva ji Maharaj was crowned and he took the title of Chhatrapati. Subsequently, the control of the fort passed to the Mughals (1689 CE), followed by the Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1707 CE), before returning to the Marathas (1727 CE approximately). The British eventually took control of the fort in 1818 CE.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Within Raigad fort were located royal palaces, a royal mint, 300 stone houses, offices, a garrison for soldiers, a market, water reservoirs, and gardens.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' 2. PRATAPGAD '''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Built by Chhatrapati Shiva ji Maharaj in 1656, Pratapgad fort is situated in the rugged terrain of the Western Ghats, 24 kilometres from Mahabaleshwar.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The fort is famous for its defensive architecture, which is regarded as a sign of strategic genius. The Upper Fort at Pratapgad served as an observation defence point with sturdy, towering walls. The Lower Fort, which was constructed along the slope of the hill, was crucial to defending the buildings inside the fort.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' 3. PANHALA '''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Panhala Fort near Kolhapur was designed to be a self-sustaining settlement. Originally built in the 12th century CE by the Shilaharas, a feudatory dynasty of the Rashtrakutas who ultimately founded their independent kingdom, the fort was occupied by the Yadavas of the Deccan, the Bahmani sultanate, the Adil Shahi kingdom of Bijapur, and finally the Marathas.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Panhala is among the largest of the Maratha forts, with a perimeter of 14 kilometres. It was a formidable military fortress with robust walls, hidden passages, bastions, secret supplies of water, and underground granaries to cope with a prolonged siege.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Panhala fort is the site of the famous Battle of Pawankhind of July 1660, which is remembered by the people of Maharashtra for the heroic stand of the great Maratha general Baji Prabhu Deshpande who, along with a handful of soldiers, engaged a large force of the Adil Shahi sultanate as Shiva ji Maharaj escaped from the enemy.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' 4. SHIVNERI '''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Shivneri Fort, located near Junnar in Pune district, is the birthplace of Shiva ji Maharaj. The antiquity of the fort, triangular in shape and surrounded by cliffs, dates back to the 6th century CE, when it was built as a strategic military outpost.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Shivneri was designed to withstand a prolonged siege. The seven-tier defences of the fort, intended to block enemy advances at multiple levels, are among its most striking aspects. The attackers would have to fight an uphill battle because each of the seven enormous gates served as a protective barrier.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Within the fort were the Ganga-Jamuna springs, which flow even today, and water reservoirs like Badami Talav, which ensured a steady supply of water.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' 5. LOHAGAD '''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Located near Lonavala at an elevation of more than 3,000 feet, the “Iron Fort” was originally built by the Lohtamia dynasty in the 10th century CE, and subsequently passed into the possession of the Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas, the Yadavas, the Bahmanis, the Nizam Shahis, the Mughals, and eventually the Marathas.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Shiva ji Maharaj took the fort in 1648 but was forced to give it up to the Mughals in 1665. The Marathas recaptured the fort in 1670, after which it was used as a storehouse for the loot from the Surat campaign.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Lohagad Fort is known for its four huge gates, namely the Ganesh Darwaja, Narayan Darwaja, Hanuman Darwaja, and Maha Darwaja. The “Vinchukada”, or “Scorpion’s Tail”, is one of Lohagad’s most striking features, a long, narrow, fortified spur that extends from the main fort.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' 6. SALHER '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Salher Fort is located in Satana taluka of Nashik district, near the village of Salher. It is a significant landmark of the Sahayadri mountain range, the highest fort in Maharashtra and one of the highest in the Western Ghats, located at a height 1,567 metres (5,141 feet).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">At different times in its history, Salher has been known as Gavalgarh and Sultangad. It is the site of the pivotal open-field Battle of Salher (1672 CE), in which the Maratha forces under Moropant Pingle, the first peshwa of the Maratha Empire, and Prataprao Gujar, the commander of the Maratha army, decisively defeated the Mughals led by Diler Khan, Ikhlas Khan, and Bahlol Khan.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This was the first such battlefield victory of the Marathas under Chhatrapati Shiva ji Maharaj over the Mughals.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' 7. SINDHUDURG '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The fort stands on the island of Khurte in the Arabian Sea, off the Konkan coast. It was constructed in 1664-67 by Hiroji Indulkar, the chief military engineer of Chhatrapati Shiva ji Maharaj, to provide a secure base for maritime operations against the Portuguese, the British, and the local Siddis.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sindhudurg is known for its skillfully camouflaged main entrance, which is very difficult to spot from the outside. Within the fort is a temple, one of the very few dedicated to Shiva ji Maharaj himself.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' 8. SUVARNADURG '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The “Golden Fortress” is another island fortress built by Shiva ji Maharaj off Harnai port in Ratnagiri district. Suvarnadurg has a sister fortress on the mainland known as Kanakadurga; the two structures used to be connected by a tunnel, which is now unusable.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Initially built by the Adil Shahi dynasty, Suvarnadurg was captured and rebuilt by Shiva ji in 1660. As an important base of the Maratha navy, it was not only a fortress but also housed a shipbuilding yard.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">During Sambhaji’s reign, when the commander of the fort tried to defect to the Siddis, Kanhoji Angre, then only 18 years old, stopped him and arrested the traitor. As a reward, Sambhaji made him the commander of Suvarnadurg. Kanhoji Angre would grow up to become the chief of the Maratha navy, and one of the most renowned admirals in Indian history.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' 9. VIJAYDURG '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">One of the oldest of the Maratha forts, the “Fort of Victory” on the Arabian Sea coast in present-day Sindhudurg district was originally built by the Shilahar dynasty in the late 12th century. It was then known as Gheria.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The fort was captured by Chhatrapati Shiva ji Maharaj in 1653, who renamed it after the Hindu solar year, which was then extant, “Vijay”. Vijaydurg would later be the site of fierce naval battles with the British East India Company, which would finally conquer it in 1756 after several failed attempts.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A striking feature of Vijaydurg is a hidden undersea tunnel, 200 metres long, connecting the fort with the mainland. At a short distance from the fort, up the Waghotan river, is the Rameshwar dockyard, which was used by the Maratha navy to build and repair its warships.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' 10. KHANDERI '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Khanderi, a small island off the coast of Alibaug, was fortified by Chhatrapati Shiva ji Maharaj in 1679 to secure Maratha control over the coastal waters.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">After Shiva ji Maharaj sent 300 soldiers and 300 labourers to build defences on the uninhabited island, the English, the Portuguese, and the Siddis, all contested his attempt at occupation. Shiva ji’s admiral Daulatkhan succeeded in reinforcing the island and establishing artillery positions despite English naval attacks and the efforts by the Siddis to stop him.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In time, Khanderi would become a key maritime outpost, reflecting Shiva ji’s strategy to challenge foreign naval dominance and protect Maratha interests along the Konkan coast.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' 11. RAJGAD '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The “King of Forts” was captured by the young Shiva ji Maharaj in 1647, and served as his capital for 26 years before Raigad. This was where Rajaram I, the son of Shiva ji Maharaj, was born, and where his first wife, Saibai, passed away. It was also the fort where Shiva ji Maharaj planned many of his military campaigns and safeguarded the wealth from the Surat campaign of 1664.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The fort houses many architectural marvels like the Padmavati Machi, which was the residence of Shiva ji Maharaj, and had the Padmavati Temple. To the west stood the three-layered stronghold of Sanjivani Machi, a stunning example of military engineering that was intended to repel enemy invasions.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' 12. GINGEE/ JINJI (Tamil Nadu) '''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gingee Fort is located in the Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu and is considered one of the most formidable fortresses of peninsular India. Like many other forts, Gingee has served as the stronghold of several dynasties, such as the Vijayanagar Nayaks, the Bijapur Sultans, the Mughals, the Marathas, the French, and the English.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Perched atop three rocky outcrops — Rajagiri, Krishnagiri, and Chandrayandurg — the complex is made up of interconnected citadels fortified with ramparts and deep moats that create a nearly seamless triangle of defence.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Noteworthy interior structures include the multi-storey Kalyana Mahal (marriage hall), granaries, prison cells, and a temple dedicated to the local deity Chenjiamman. It has reservoirs and natural springs, which were critical in sustaining the fort during prolonged sieges.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Defence|M <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MARATHA: MILITARY ARCHITECTURE</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:History|M  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:History|M <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MARATHA: MILITARY ARCHITECTURE</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|M  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|M <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MARATHA: MILITARY ARCHITECTURE</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Jyotihttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Maratha:_Military_Architecture/_Forts&diff=128343&oldid=prevJyoti at 15:22, 14 October 20232023-10-14T15:22:03Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Introduction=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Introduction=</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Raigad fort</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Raigad fort</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 45:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 45:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Torna Fort</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Torna Fort</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">18° 16’</del>, Long. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">73° 37’</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">18° 16'</ins>, Long. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">73° 37'</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 52:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 52:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lohagad</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lohagad</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">18° 42’</del>, Long. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">73° 28’</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">18° 42'</ins>, Long. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">73° 28'</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 59:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 59:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Salher Fort</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Salher Fort</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20° 72’</del>, Long. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">73° 94’</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20° 72'</ins>, Long. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">73° 94'</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 66:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 66:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Mulher Fort</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Mulher Fort</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20° 46’</del>, Long. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">74° </del>03'</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20° 46'</ins>, Long. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">74° </ins>03'</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 73:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 73:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Rangana Fort</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Rangana Fort</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">16° 04’</del>, Long. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">73° 51’</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">16° 04'</ins>, Long. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">73° 51'</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 80:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 80:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Ankai-Tankai Fort</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Ankai-Tankai Fort</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20° 11’</del>, Long. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">74° 26’</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20° 11'</ins>, Long. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">74° 26'</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 87:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 87:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Kasa Fort</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Kasa Fort</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">18° 20’</del>, Long. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">72° 58’</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">18° 20'</ins>, Long. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">72° 58'</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 94:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 94:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Sindhudurg</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Sindhudurg</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">16° 02’</del>, Long. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">73° 27’</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">16° 02'</ins>, Long. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">73° 27'</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 101:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 101:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Alibag Fort</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Alibag Fort</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">18° 35’</del>, Long. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">72° 50’</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">18° 35'</ins>, Long. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">72° 50'</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 108:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 108:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Suvarnadurg</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Suvarnadurg</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">17° </del>49', Long. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">73° </del>06'</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">17° </ins>49', Long. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">73° </ins>06'</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="6%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 115:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 115:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Khanderi Fort</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Khanderi Fort</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>| width="46%" |</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">18° 70’ </del>, Long. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">72° </del>81'</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Lat. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">18° 70'</ins>, Long. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">72° </ins>81'</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 273:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 273:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd, England</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd, England</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Defence|M </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MARATHA: MILITARY ARCHITECTURE]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:History|M </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MARATHA: MILITARY ARCHITECTURE]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:India|M </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MARATHA: MILITARY ARCHITECTURE]]</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Jyotihttp://indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Maratha:_Military_Architecture/_Forts&diff=128342&oldid=prevJyoti: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%"> This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content.<br/> Additional information ma..."2023-10-14T15:18:30Z<p>Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%"> This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content.<br/> Additional information ma..."</p>
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