View source for Cities of India: the best and the worst

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=Best overall=
==India Today Best Cities study: 2014==
[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/best-cities-2014-southern-stated-india-today-survey/1/402942.html ''India Today'']

''' As India increasingly shifts to its cities, the dominance of the south remainsunchanged '''

Kaushik Deka

November 20, 2014

The urban population in India is growing at such a rapid pace that by 2020, 35 per cent of the country's total population is expected to live in the cities; the projection is 50 per cent by 2050. According to a 2010 McKinsey Global Institute report, India's urban population will grow from 340 million in 2008 to 590 million in 2030. So the big question is: are Indian cities equipped enough to deal with this population explosion? How liveable are our cities?

The India Today Best Cities study is an ambitious attempt to find the answer. The first version of this annual exercise last year examined 30 capital and metro cities and 20 emerging cities on 11 parameters- overall, economy, housing, transport, public services, healthcare, education, crime and safety, entertainment, environment and investment. This year, we have added one more category-cleanliness.

However, what has remained unchanged is the dominance of south Indian cities. Chennai remains unchallenged as the top capital city while Coimbatore displaces Vadodara as the best emerging city in the overall category.

Across the 12 categories, Hyderabad and Chandigarh are the two capital cities which appear among the top five ranks in six categories, the highest, followed by Mumbai and Chennai in five categories each. The Union Government has announced a grand plan to create 100 smart cities. While chalking out the policy road map, the Government might as well pay attention to a worrisome trend that has emerged from the two India Today Best Cities studies-the uneven distribution of urban development. The winners this year come from just nine of the country's 29 states.

==2017: Bangalore, Kolkata, Mumbai ranked internationally==
[[File: 2017- Bangalore, Kolkata, Mumbai ranked among major international cities.jpg|2017: Bangalore, Kolkata, Mumbai ranked among major international cities <br/> From [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Gallery.aspx?id=08_10_2017_041_020_002&type=P&artUrl=INCREDIBLE-FACT-08102017041020&eid=31808  October 8, 2017: '' The Times of India ''] |frame|500px]] 

See graphic, ''2017: Bangalore, Kolkata, Mumbai ranked among major international cities''

== 2017: 11 major cities compared==
See graphic, '' Comparison according to different categories: quality of life, purchasing power, safety, healthcare, cost of living, property price to income ratio, commute time, pollution, climate, city-wise and category-wise''

[[File: Comparison according to different categories, city-wise, category-wise.jpg|Comparison according to different categories: <br/>1. quality of life, <br/>2. purchasing power, <br/>3. safety, <br/>4. healthcare, <br/> 5. cost of living, <br/>6. property price to income ratio, <br/>7. commute time, <br/>8. pollution, <br/>9. climate, <br/> city-wise and category-wise <br/> From [http://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2017%2F11%2F12&entity=Ar02108&sk=7CF3133F&mode=text  November 12, 2017:  '' The Times of India ''] |frame|500px]]

=Behaviour=
== Uber India drivers’ rating, 2022==
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=05_03_2022_006_002_cap_TOI   ''The Times of India'']

According to Uber India drivers’ rating, the most well-behaved taxi ''' users''', city-wise, were in:

''' The top 5 cities ''' 

Jaipur, 

Thiruvananthapuram, 

Patna, 

Kochi 

Ludhiana. 


''' The best-behaved metros '''  

Mumbai was number 10 among all cities and best among the metros, 

Chennai  11

Delhi-NCR shared the 12th position with Lucknow and Hyderabad. 


''' Other cities: ''' 

Bangalore (13), 

Kolkata (14) 

Guwahati (15). 


=Civic systems=
==Ranking: 2014==
''' Delhi 5th in India, way behind world ''' 

New Delhi: 
TIMES NEWS NETWORK 

[[File: cities ranking.jpg||frame|500px]] 

[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Delhi-5th-in-India-way-behind-world-07062014006005  The Times of India Jun 07 2014]

'' Survey Ranks It Low For Lack Of Politically Representative Civic Systems And Transparency '' 

It’s not a patch on the likes of New York and London, but the bad news is that Delhi even trails other Indian cities in terms of civic systems. A survey by Bangalore based Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy has ranked it fifth behind Kolkata, Thiruvananthapuram, Bhopal and Patna. 

The annual survey evaluates the performance of 21 cities, including 18 state capitals, on four parameters: urban planning and design (UPD), urban capacities and resources (UCR), empowered and legitimate political representation (ELPR), and transparency, accountability and participation (TAP). 

Although Delhi leads Indian cities in urban planning and urban capacities, which includes budget and staff strength, it lags in terms of political representation and accountability. Janaagraha claims some audit queries on financial and project related discrepancies are pending in Delhi since 1964—50 years. 

“Imagine if this were a company instead of a city, it would have been immediately delisted from the stock exchange,” said Ramesh Ramanathan, co-founder, Janaagraha. Delhi also has error rates of more than 20% in its municipality election voter list. 

Delhi with a large staff strength of 140,000 and Mumbai with a huge budget of Rs 30,000 crore have mayors with terms of one year and 2.5 years, respectively . Delhi does not have a public disclosure law, neither do Kolkata, Ahmedabad and Chandigarh. Thiruvananthapuram is the only city to have a local body ombudsman to resolve inter-agency disputes which often slow down projects. 

And unlike Ranchi and Patna, Delhi does not have independent external auditors (a panel of chartered accountants). All these facts have gone against Delhi. 

While the benchmark cities, London and New York, have average scores of 9.6 and 9.3 (on 10), all Indian cities have scored in a range of 2.5 to 4. Chandigarh, famous for being a planned city, has slipped to the bottom with 2.5 points for coming up short on contemporary planning needs, public disclosure and a community participation law. 

Delhi also has some catching up to do with major cities in the developing world. It has 1.4 lakh civic employees for a population of 1.7 crore while Sao Paulo in Brazil had more than 1.7 lakh employees in 2004 for a smaller population. Mexico City has one of the most “open” or accessible municipalities while Delhi doesn’t even have a citizen’s charter. 

On the brighter side, Delhi is the only Indian city to have legal provisions of decentralization to a local level in its town and country planning Act. The other cities have archaic plans, with Hyderabad following an Act that was drafted in 1920. Delhi is the only Indian city with ward-level spatial development plans and has scored 3.8 for planning but zero for implementation. 

Smaller cities have better and relatively newer legislations compared to the bigger cities, hence Thiruvananthapuram, Bhopal and Raipur find a place in the top 10. 

Janaagraha benchmarked the 21 cities on 83 questions covering 115 parameters.

==Mumbai has better `civic sense' than Delhi==
[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Why-Mumbai-has-better-civic-sense-than-Delhi-21042017005012  Subodh Varma, April 21, 2017: The Times of India]

[[File: Municipal spending, Delhi and Mumbai, 2015.jpg|Municipal spending, Delhi and Mumbai, 2015; [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Why-Mumbai-has-better-civic-sense-than-Delhi-21042017005012  Subodh Varma, April 21, 2017: The Times of India]|frame|500px]]

The scorching heat of an early summer in the capital is somewhat being tempered by expectation that life might become better after the municipal polls on April 23, given the cool election promises being made by the contending parties. Not surprisingly , however, none of the parties is revealing where it will find the funds to back the generous assurances. The reality , as Delhi's citizens know well, is that the three municipal corporations are hamstrung by a chronic cash crunch that has forced employees into striking work over delayed salaries, foiled attempts to check outbreaks of dengue and other diseases and left civic services in a shambles.
With a cumulative budget of Rs 9,551 crore in 2014-15, the three municipal bodies spent an average of just Rs 5,340 per person in a year. Nearly 40% of the money went into paying civic employees and corporators, and to meet general administrative expenses. Sanitation activities, like collection and disposal of garbage, and cleaning of drains, accounted for just Rs1,258 per person. Healthcare, including running dispensaries and conducting disease prevention programmes, came for even less at Rs758 per person.

Compare this with the spending of Greater Mumbai Municipal Corporation, the country's richest municipal body with an annual budget over five times that of Delhi. It spent three times more on health and two times more on the education per person. Remember, the population residing in Mumbai's municipal area is considerably less than in Delhi.

How does Mumbai manage to generate more income? Can't Delhi do the same? Of course, Delhi's status as a Union territory with an assembly hampers full devolution of powers to local bodies, unlike in the case of Mumbai.Octroi, development charges and property tax are the main sources of revenue for the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Delhi's municipalities derive almost 40% of their incomes from grants given by the state government.Water distribution is a significant source of income in Mumbai, but in Delhi this has been hived off to a separate body under the state government.

In short, for the municipalities in the capital to become resource rich, either the whole set-up in Delhi needs to be changed or more grants will have to be given to them. This crucial fact, of course, doesn't exercise the minds of the political leaders out wooing the voters.

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=Cleanliness, rural=
==2022==
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=03_10_2022_018_012_cap_TOI  Dipak Dash, Oct 3, 2022: ''The Times of India'']

[[File: Sanitation survey results (rural), 2022.jpg| Sanitation survey results (rural), 2022 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=03_10_2022_018_012_cap_TOI  Dipak Dash, Oct 3, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]


New Delhi : Telangana, Haryana and Tamil Nadu emerged the cleanest among all large states on parameters of rural sanitation while Assam, Bihar and Jammu and Kashmir were the three worst performe rs, according to the Swachh Survekshan Grameen (SSG) 2022. 

 Among districts Bhiwani in Haryana is the cleanest even as the second and third best performers’ award were bagged by Jagtial and Nizamabad districts of Telangana. Golaghat district of Assam finished at the bottom of 709 districts, which were ranked in this survey. The two other worst performers were from Bihar – Banka (708 rank) and Katihar (707). 

 Since Delhi and Chandigarh are fully urbanised UTs, these were not ranked. The survey report released by President Droupadi Muru on Sunday has ranked states and districts on the basis of their performance attained on qualitative and quantitative parameters and engagement of the rural community in improvement of their sanitation status. 

She released the sanitation status of urban areas and the ranking of states and cities were announced. While the housing and urban affairs ministry carries out the swachhta ranking of urb an areas, the Jal Shakti ministry conducts the survey of rural areas. 

 Onthe occasion of Gandhi Jayanti, which is now celebrated as Swachh Bharat Diwas as well, Murmu also released the status re port on “Functionality Assessment of Tap Connections” under the Jal Jeevan Mission. Puducherry received the best performer award under the more than 60% coverage category while Goa was ranked second. Under the less than 60% coverage category, Tamil Nadu ranked first and Meghalaya came second. 

 Murmu also gave away a special award to the Burhanpur district of Madhya Pra desh for being the first “Har Ghar Jal” certified district. Speaking on the occasion, Murmu said like truth and non-violence, Mahatma Gandhi insisted on cleanliness. 

 She said once Gandhiji had said that if the habit of cleanliness was inculcated in children, from the very beginning, then they would remain conscious of cleanliness throughout theirlife.  Referring to the achie vement in construction of over 11 crore toilets under Swachh Bharat Mission since October 2014, she said this has resulted in changing the behaviour of around 60crore people. 


=Cleanliness, urban=
==Small cities put metros to shame==
[http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/welcome.asp?skin=pastissues2&QS=skin%3Dpastissues2%26enter%3DLowLevel The Times of India]

Mahendra Kumar Singh | TNN 

New Delhi: They may not have the glamourous tag but when it comes to cleanliness and sanitation, smaller cities like Chandigarh, Mysore, Surat, Tiruchirapalli and Jamshedpur have beaten the metros in the sanitation ratings released by the Union urban development ministry on Monday. 

Not surprisingly, Chandigarh is on top, followed by Mysore, Surat, New Delhi Municipal Council area and Delhi Cantt in the top-five list of civic areas graded by independent agencies appointed by the ministry.

Cities like Tiruchirapalli, Jamshedpur, Mangalore and Rajkot fall in the top 10 list out of 441 cities and towns with a population of more than one lakh subjected to the test.

What could surprise many, Kanpur, once a major industrial city and considered quite polluted, ranked 10th in the list. With an ambitious task of 100% sanitation, the ministry took up the rating exercise with the objective of promoting safe sanitation in around 400 cities and towns across the country. Though Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) could not make it to the list of top 25 released by the ministry, metropolitan areas — Navi Mumbai, Bangalore and Chennai — got the 11th, 12th and 13th rank, respectively. Kolkata could manage the last rank in the list of top 25 cities and towns.

Cities and towns have been rated on parameters such as complete elimination of open defecation, elimination of open scavenging, safe collection and disposal of total human excreta. On basis of the rating, cities are been classified as Red, Black, Blue and Green which would denote increasing level of achievement of good environmental and health outcomes. 

The overall sanitation standard in cities and towns in the country was reflected in the fact that not a single city could achieve the top most classification of Green, while only four — Chandigarh, Mysore, Surat and New Delhi Municipal Council area — could find a place in second best classification of Blue.

Though the ministry did not release the list of the worst (Red) category, only 25 cities and towns out of 441 could find place in the Blue and Black categories.

The Capital’s neighbouring township of Noida could manage the 17th rank while Ahmadabad achieved the 19th place. Haridwar got the 21th rank and Vijaywada 24th in the list.

Releasing the rating, urban development minister S Jaipal Reddy hoped that some cities would reach the top most Green classification soon. He said the rating exercise for class I cities and towns was undertaken in order to sensitize the states and cities as well as citizens about the current state of sanitation and raise awareness about the need for improvement.


==2019: Indore cleanest city for 4th time in a row==
[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indore-cleanest-city-for-4th-time-in-a-row/articleshow/73049354.cms  Dec 31, 2019: ''The Times of India'']


NEW DELHI: Indore was adjudged India's cleanest city for the fourth time in a row while Kolkata was worst performer in the central government's cleanliness survey. 

In the category of cities having population more than 10 lakh, Bhopal stood second in first quarter results (April to June), while Rajkot grabbed the second spot in second quarter results (July-September) of 'Swachh Survekshan League 2020'. 

The third position was grabbed by Surat in the first quarter and Navi Mumbai in the second quarter. 

In the second quarter, Vadodra was ranked fourth, followed by Bhopal, Ahmedabad, Nashik, Greater Mumbai, Allahabad and Lucknow. 

Among cantonment boards, Delhi Cantt stood first while second and third positions were grabbed by Jhansi Cantt board and Jalandhar Cantt Board respectively in the second quarter. 

Secunderabad Cantonment Board in Hyderabad was worst performer among other cantonment boards. 

According to the survey, Kolkata grabbed lowest position in cleanliness in the category of cities having population more than 10 lakh in the second quarter.

==2022: Indore cleanest city for 6th time in a row==
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=02_10_2022_014_001_cap_TOI  Dipak Dash, Oct 2, 2022: ''The Times of India'']


New Delhi : For the sixth time in a row, Indore has retained its position as India’s cleanest city, while NDMC, home to the country’s most powerful and influential people, slipped to ninth position from fifth last year among cities with more than one lakh population, according to the Swachh Survekshan 2022. Madhya Pradesh has been adjudged the best performing state, followed by Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra in the same category. Chhattisgarh was ranked first last year. 

 In the report released by President Draoupadi Murmu, Surat has scored a hat-trick as the second cleanest city since 2020, while Navi Mumbai ranked third among cities with lakhplus population. 

 The scenic Panchgani in Maharashtra has been ranked as the cleanest among cities with less than one lakh population, followed by Patan in Chhattisgarh. Among the Ganga towns, Haridwar emerged as the cleanest and Deolali cantonment in Maharashtra got the best award among India’s 62 Cantonment Boards. 

 Murmu gave away the awards to the top winnersand urged other cities to follow the model of people’s participation adopted by Indore. Interestingly, Indore had finished at 25 out of the 73 cities in the first Swachh Survekshan in 2016. A year later, it emerged as the top performer among 434 cities and has continued to hold on to that position. Officials said this has been possible due to the overwhelming participation of the inhabitants of the city to keep it clean. Indore cemented its position by emerging as India’s first ‘7 Star’ garbagefree city, while Surat, Bhopal, Mysuru, Navi Mumbai, Vishakhapatnam, and Tirupati earned ‘5 Star’ certificationsin this category. 

 A total of 4,354 urban local bodies (ULBs) participated in this year’s sanitation survey, except the 126 ULBs in West Bengal. .  According to the report, the NCR city of Noida has fallen from the top 10 and now stands at the 11th position in the cleanliness ranking. The erstwhile three municipal corporations of Delhi, which cover most parts of the national capital, don’t figure even in the top 100 clean cities in the one lakh-plus population category. However, the NCR cities of Gurgaon, Ghaziabad and Meerut are in the list of the top 100 such cities.

===Details: other cities===
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=02_10_2022_001_001_cap_TOI  Oct 2, 2022: ''The Times of India'']


➤3 best performers with 100+ urban local bodies: MP, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra 

➤3 best-performing states with >100 ULBs: Tripura, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand  

➤Ahmedabad declared cleanest mega city 

➤Visakhapatnam wins in cleanest big city category

 ➤New Delhi Municipal Council area cleanest small city

 ➤Noida emerges as best self-sustainable medium city 

➤Gurgaon jumps 5 spots, in top 20 for the ﬁrst time

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=Climate/ weather=
==Most comfortable weather ==
[[File: Comfortable Weather.jpg| |frame| 500px]] 
''' IIT finds city’s comfort zone '''

''  Four-Year Study Calculates Hours Of Comfortable Weather ''  

Jayashree Nandi TNN 

[http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=pastissues2&BaseHref=CAP/2014/04/14&PageLabel=2&EntityId=Ar00200&ViewMode=HTML  ''The Times of India'']

New Delhi: Extreme summers and winters in Delhi are clearly uncomfortable. But Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi has calculated the percentage of hours when most Delhiites may be finding the weather to be “comfortable”. In a recent study, IIT’s Centre for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) has ranked five cities on the basis of “comfortable hours”. Hyderabad has the highest comfortable hours, followed by Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi and Mumbai in the descending order. 

The idea of which temperature range is comfortable is based on a comfort index defined by Saskatchewan weather station in Canada that considers 15 to 25 degrees comfortable while 25 to 32 degrees warm. The index, according to IIT scientists, is suited for Indian cities too. Comfort index means hours that fall under temperature, humidity and wind speed conditions that is optimum for people to carry out light to moderate physical activities without being affected by the weather. The CAS team assessed temperature and other weather data for the five cities from 2004 to 2008 and then graded them under five categories — cool, comfortable, warm, uncomfortably hot and severe danger. 

The analysis found that 70% of the time all the five cities were uncomfortable. For instance, Hyderabad —which ranks highest as per the comfort index — had only 28.9% of the time in the comfortable category but 18.6% of the time in the uncomfortably hot category. Delhi had a whopping 12.9% of time in the severe danger category and about 26.3% of time in the comfortable category. Mumbai surprisingly has only 0.3% of the time in the severe danger category. It concludes that less than 30% of the time in these cities is comfortable for outdoor activities or indoor time without cooling needs. 

“There is too much seasonal variation. The ranking of cities according to comfortable hours does not imply which city is most comfortable. The idea was to analyse how much time annually can be spent without the use of energy for heating or cooling. Also from the tourism point of view, we wanted to see which is the ideal time to visit these cities,” said Manju Mohan, the lead author of the study. 

Another part of the study is to develop a method of assessing comfortable hours despite the seasonal variation. That looks at each month to check for the time that is not extremely hot or cold. For instance, “uncomfortable hours” have not been factored in the current ranking. If the ranking is done as per uncomfortable hours then Kolkata, Delhi and Chennai will rank higher than Mumbai.


=Congestion=
==2021==
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=10_02_2022_018_020_cap_TOI  Dipak Dash, February 10, 2022: ''The Times of India'']

[[File: Congestion Index ranking and comparison during rush hours, 2021 compared with 2019.jpg|Congestion Index ranking and comparison during rush hours, 2021 compared with 2019 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=10_02_2022_018_020_cap_TOI  Dipak Dash, February 10, 2022: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]


New Delhi: Despite Covid-induced lockdowns keeping a large number of vehicles off the roads in 2021, Mumbai and Bengaluru have been ranked 5th and 10th in the global ranking of urban congestion during the period while Delhi and Pune occupied the 11th and 21st spots among 404 cities across 58 countries, according to a report by a global location technology company.  However, the congestion level in Delhi during 2021 was 14% less than 2019 while in Mumbai, Bengaluru and Pune, the level dropped by 18%, 32% and 29% respectively, said the report. The four cities featured in TomTom Traffic Index’s global top 25 list. Istanbul topped the list, followed by Moscow.  The report released on Wednesday said India’s congestion level in 2021 was 23% lower than pre-Covid times, with a decrease of 31% specifically during peak hours. In 2020, the traffic congestion in three big Indian cities — Mumbai, Bengaluru and Delhi — made it to the top 10 list in the last edition of the traffic index report. While Mumbai was ranked second, Bengaluru was at sixth position and Delhi eighth among 416 cities across 56 countries. 

According to the report, congestion level in Delhi came down to 48 points in 2021 from 53 points in 2019 and the peak traffic congestion also reduced by 17% in 2021. The city saw its worst traffic day on August 21, when it recorded the worst rainfall in a day. The waterlogged pockets caused widespread traffic logjams and increase in congestion levels. 

Sachin Tyagi, strategic automotive business development manager of TomTom told TOI, “Globally, peak hours shifted in almost 40% of the cities and that’s due to the changes in our working habits with work from home becoming predominant and online conferences replacing physical meetings. ” He said this could be one of the reasons why Bengaluru, which has a high number of IT firms, saw a sharp decline in congestion level during 2021.

==2023==
[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=05_02_2024_201_009_cap_TOI  Alim Shaikh, February 5, 2024: ''The Times of India'']


Pune : Last year, commuters in Bengaluru spent an average of 28 minutes and 10 seconds for a 10km ride, while Pune took 27 minutes and 50 seconds, New Delhi 21 minutes and 40 seconds, and Mumbai 20 minutes and 20 seconds for the same distance, reports Alim Shaikh.

 Pune and Bengaluru we- re among the top 10 most congested cities in the world in 2023, according to a report by TomTom Index, a Dutch multinational developer of location technology. Bengaluru ranked sixth globally, Pune seventh, New Delhi 44th, and Mumbai 54th.

 In 2022, Bengaluru ranked second with a travel time of 29 minutes and 10 seconds for 10km, New Delhi ranked 34th with 22 minutes and 10 seconds, while Mumbai, ranking 47th, took 21 minutes and 10 seconds.

===Details===
[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/pune-7th-among-top-10-congested-world-cities-with-congested-roads/articleshow/107412781.cms  February 5, 2024: ''The Times of India'']


Pune: A commuter’s average travel time in Pune for a 10km ride last year was 27 minutes and 50 seconds. The same ride and distance took 28 minutes and 10 seconds in Bengaluru, 21 minutes and 40 seconds in New Delhi and 20 minutes and 20 seconds in Mumbai.

Pune and Bengaluru are in the 10 most congested cities in the world in 2023 in a report published by TomTom Index, a Dutch multinational developer and creator of location technology firm that evaluates average travel time in cities across the world.

The study was conducted in 387 cities in 55 countries. London was the most congested with an average time of 37 minutes and 20 seconds, followed by Dublin with 29 minutes and 30 seconds and Toronto with 29 minutes.

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===B===
[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/delhi-traffic-ranking-44th-most-congested-city-centre-in-the-world/articleshow/107374527.cms  Himanshu Chauhan, February 5, 2024: ''The Times of India'']

[[File: Traffic, city-wise, 2023.jpg|Traffic, city-wise, 2023 <br/> From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/delhi-traffic-ranking-44th-most-congested-city-centre-in-the-world/articleshow/107374527.cms  Himanshu Chauhan, February 5, 2024: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

''' Traffic Tale: Delhi 44th Most Congested City Centre In World, On Progress Path '''

'' Was Ranked Eighth in 2020; Bengaluru Remains India’s Most Congested City At Sixth Position ''


New Delhi : Delhi ranks as the 44th most congested city centre among 387 around the world in 2023, as per the 13th annual traffic index published by Dutch geolocation technology specialist, TomTom. The index said that on average, it took 21 min and 40 sec to cover 10km in the city during 2023, a slowing down of 30 sec since last year, the average speed during rush hour in Delhi being 24kmph. The other clogged cities in India were Bengaluru (6th rank), Pune (7) and Mumbai (54).
 The TomTom report states that the worst rush of the week is seen in Delhi on Tuesday at 5-6pm, with 10km taking an average time of 28 min 10 sec to cover. The worst day to travel in New Delhi in 2023 was Jan 17, which marked the return of the cold wave in the capital. In 2023, the busiest street in the city was the C-Hexagon at India Gate.

 The capital continues to navigate through the honks and the hurry, but it has come a long way from being 8th in 2020, 11th in 2021 and 34th in 2022. Traffic officers attributed the improvement in the rankings to a range of factors. HGS Dhaliwal, special commissioner of police (traffic), said that the introduction of better traffic management systems, traffic flow optimisation and synchronised traffic signals had helped reduce congestion and travel times.  In terms of congestion, Delhi is the 19th worst city with a congestion of 48%, which is the same as the congestion level in 2021. Congestion level denotes the extra time a driver spends travelling the same distance over and above in a free flowing condition. Addressing the cause of congestion, Dr Sewa Ram, professor of transport planning, School of Planning and Architecture, explained, “The continual rise in vehicle volume with stagnant capacity is a primary problem. Additionally, the primary road network receives attention while the secondary network is neglected, in effect merely shifting congestion rather than alleviating it.”  Data shows that in 2023, the average speed decreased in 228 of the 387 cities analysed from those achieved in 2022. Delhi was the 11th most improved city in terms of average travel time with a decrease of 30 secs over 2022. The average travel time, as per the report, is time taken for a 10km journey in average and peak (rush hour) traffic compared with optimal traffic.  This year’s edition of TomTom surveyed 387 cities around the globe and provides detailed information of traffic patterns with a share of up to 40% of traffic in city centres. London is shown as the world’s slowest city with motorists taking 37 minutes and 20 secs to cover 10km, one minute longer than last year. Dublin and Toronto are the second and third most congested, respectively.

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=Consumer spending retail=
==2022: Retail arena, modern and non modern==
[[File: Retail arena, modern and non modern, in the bigger cities of India, presumably as in 2022.jpg|Retail arena, modern and non modern, in the bigger cities of India, presumably as in 2022 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=19_06_2023_011_003_cap_TOI  June 19, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

'''See graphic''':

'' Retail arena, modern and non modern, in the bigger cities of India, presumably as in 2022 ''

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=Cost of living: most and least inexpensive=
==The 10 least expensive cities in the world==
2013-14

1.  ''' Mumbai (India) '''

2. ''' Karachi (Pakistan) '''

3. ''' New Delhi (India) '''

4. Damascus (Syria)

5. ''' Kathmandu (Nepal) '''

6. Algiers (Algeria)

7. Bucharest (Romania)

8. Panama City (Panama)

9. Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)

10. Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)
==2013-14: the world's least inexpensive cities are all in South Asia==
[[File: 2014, South Asia and the most and least expensive cities of the world.jpg|2014: South Asia and the most and least expensive cities of the world; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Gallery.aspx?id=17_08_2015_008_015_002&type=P&artUrl=STATOISTICS-PRICEY-CITIES-17082015008015&eid=31808 ''The Times of India''], August 16, 2015|frame|500px]] 

Mumbai tops list of world's 10 least expensive cities, Delhi third: Survey
Kounteya Sinha,TNN | Mar 4, 2014

[timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbai-tops-list-of-worlds-10-least-expensive-cities-Delhi-third-Survey/articleshow/31413718.cms The Times of India]

LONDON: For an average Indian, living costs in Mumbai may be a nightmare. But the new Worldwide Cost of Living 2014 index has thrown up an interesting finding.

India's city of dreams has emerged as the world's cheapest city to live in. The analysis takes into account the concept of value of money — how much bread would you get for one dollar or for that matter a litre of petrol. While Mumbai has emerged as the country with the best value for money spent, Delhi has emerged the third cheapest, placing it right at the bottom of the world's most expensive cities.

For example, buying 1 kg bread in Mumbai would cost $ 0.91 while in Delhi it would be $ 1.05 as against $ 3.36 in Singapore which has toppled Tokyo to be the world's most expensive city to live in this year. The average cost of one litre unleaded petrol in Mumbai is $ 1.21 and in Delhi $ 1.14 as against $ 2.50 in Paris — the world's second most expensive city.

Singapore topped 131 cities globally to become the world's most expensive city to live in 2014, according to the economist intelligence unit (EIU). Asia is interestingly home to some of the world's most expensive cities as well as to many of the world's cheapest cities.

The index says: "Within Asia the best value for money is in the Indian subcontinent (defined as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka). Mumbai is the cheapest location in the survey and three of the four cheapest cities surveyed hail from Pakistan, India and Nepal. Mumbai's title as the world's cheapest city and is a reflection of the structural factors that define price within the Indian subcontinent."

It added: "Although India has been tipped for future growth, much of this is driven by its large population and the untapped potential within the economy. Income inequality means that low wages proliferate, driving down household spending and creating many tiers of pricing that keep per capita spending low. This, combined with a cheap and plentiful supply of goods into cities, as well as government subsidies on some products, has kept prices down, especially by western standards."

Besides Singapore, cities making up the top five most expensive cities to live in are Paris, Oslo, Zurich and Sydney, with Tokyo falling to sixth place. The economic intelligence unit's Worldwide Cost of Living Survey looks at more than 400 individual prices.

The survey gathers detailed information on the cost of more than 160 items-from food, toiletries and clothing to domestic help, transport and utility bills — in every city. More than 50,000 individual prices are collected in each survey round.

==2015: Delhi 2nd costliest city in India==
[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Delhi-2nd-costliest-Indian-city-for-expats-18062015001054 ''The Times of India''], Jun 18 2015

[[File: costliest cities in india.jpg|Costliest cities in India: 2014,2015; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Delhi-2nd-costliest-Indian-city-for-expats-18062015001054 ''The Times of India''], Jun 18 2015|frame|500px]] 

''' Delhi 2nd costliest Indian city for expats '''

Delhi continued to be ranked the second costliest city in India for expats, even as it moved up 25 places in market analyst Mercer's 21st Annual Cost of Living Survey 2015, which lists 207 cities worldwide.
The survey named Luanda, the capital of Angola, as the world's costliest city for expatriates to live in, while Mumbai was ranked India's most expensive metro.

Delhi was ranked 132 in the list which places cities in the descending order in terms of living costs, with the costliest cities on top. 

Other Indian cities in the list were Chennai (157), Bengaluru (183) and Kolkata (193), all adjudged more expensive than last year. In the subcontinent, Karachi (205) was ranked the world's third least expensive city.

Mercer said Mumbai, and other Indian cities, had climbed up the rankings due to rapid economic growth, inflation on the goods and services basket and a stable currency against the US dollar.

Mumbai witnessed higher inflation over the past year as compared to other metro cities, higher cost of fuel and transportation, and increased prices of food items, home services and rentals.
Mercer's survey is one of the world's most comprehensive, and is designed to help MNCs and governments determine compensation allowances for their expatriate employees.



==2015: Club Sandwich Index==
See graphic. 
[[File: Meals Burger meal, cup of coffee, glass of house red wine and club sandwich, New Delhi and major cities.jpg| Priciest cities in the world; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Gallery.aspx?id=05_07_2015_019_048_003&type=P&artUrl=PUTTING-INDIA-ON-THE-MAP-05072015019048&eid=31808 ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]


== 2015: Mumbai is world's cheapest city==
[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Study-Mum-is-worlds-cheapest-city-to-live-10102015017041 ''The Times of India''], Oct 10 2015

'''Study: Mumbai is world's cheapest city to live in'''

Kounteya Sinha

Mumbai has emerged as the world's cheapest city to live and work in, among 12 top metropolitan cities of the world.
London, Hong Kong and New York are the world's most expensive cities for companies to accommodate employees, with costs in London going through the roof, says Savills World Research.

The cheapest city in the index is Mumbai, where it costs just $29,088 to accommodate an employee, up only 2.4% since 2008, while Shanghai comes in at $38,089, up 15.6%. On comparison, the index which measures the combined cost of residential and office rental per person per year found that London's costs averaged $118,425 in the first half of 2015, an increase of 20.7% since the index was launched in 2008.This is marginally more expensive than Hong Kong where costs have risen just 0.4 per cent since 2008, and New York which has seen 28.4% growth.

'''San Francisco has been the biggest riser, with growth of 59.8% since 2008'''

Yolande Barnes, director of Savills World Research said “Our LiveWork report says that while London, Hong Kong and New York are the world's most expensive cities for accommodating employees, relatively speaking Mumbai's real estate costs are more expensive as they are five times the average GDP, compared to London and New York where real estate is only twice and 1.5 times the GDP respectively.“

== 2017: Bengaluru, third cheapest city in the world==
[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/survey-bengaluru-third-cheapest-city-in-the-world-to-live-in/articleshow/57763549.cms Survey: Bengaluru third cheapest city in the world to live in, TNN, Mar 22, 2017, The Times of India]


'''HIGHLIGHTS'''

Four Indian cities are among the 10 cheapest places on the planet

Chennai occupies the sixth place, Mumbai seventh and New Delhi tenth

Almaty in Kazakhstan is the cheapest city in the world, followed by Lagos in Nigeria

Singapore retains its title as the world's most expensive city for the fourth consecutive year, while Hong Kong remains second

It's hard to believe, but true. Tech capital and pensioners' paradise Bengaluru has been declared the third cheapest city in the world in a report compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), an arm of The Economist Group.

The report says three other India cities figure in the list, with Chennai occupying the sixth place, Mumbai seventh and New Delhi the tenth position. The four Indian cities are among the 10 cheapest places on the planet.

Almaty in Kazakhstan has been ranked the cheapest in the world, followed by Lagos in Nigeria. Karachi was placed 4th, Algiers (5th), Kiev (8th) and Bucharest (9th) rank.
Singapore retained its title as the world's most expensive city for the fourth consecutive year, while Hong Kong remained second, closely followed by Zurich at the 3rd place. Others in the 10 most expensive list include Tokyo at the 4th position, Osaka (5th), Seoul (6th), Geneva (7th), Paris (8th), New York (9th) and Copenhagen at 10th place.
The Worldwide Cost of Living is a biannual EIU survey that compares more than 400 individual prices across 160 products and services. These include food, drink, clothing, household supplies and personal care items, home rents, transport, utility bills, private schools, domestic help and recreational costs.

The EIU's Worldwide Cost of Living 2017 report sa Cost of Living 2017 report said Asia is home to some of the world's most expensive cities and also to many of the world's cheapest cities.

"Although the Indian subcontinent remains structurally cheap, instability is becoming an increasingly prominent factor in lowering the relative cost of living of a location," the EIU said, adding that "this means that there is a considerable element of risk in some of the world's cheapest cities". Within Asia, the best val ue for money has traditionally come from South Asian cities, particularly those in India and Pakistan, the report said. Half of the 10 cheapest locations surveyed are in this region, including Karachi which ranks 4th.

"India is tipped for rapid expansion as Chinese growth declines, but much of this is driven by its demographic profile, and in per capita terms, wage and spending growth will come from a low base," the report said.

==2018, Bengaluru cheapest city in Asia, Singapore costliest==
[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bengaluru-cheapest-city-in-asia-singapore-costliest-survey/articleshow/63438185.cms  March 22, 2018: ''The Times of India'']


'''HIGHLIGHTS'''

Bengaluru holds the 129th spot in a list of 133 countries, ranked according to their cost of living

Singapore, the world’s most expensive city, leads the list, which was released earlier this month

The survey is based on a comparison of more than 400 individual prices across 150 products and services

War-torn Damascus in Syria, picturesque Caracas, the capital of Venezuela, Almaty, former capital of Kazakhstan, and Nigerian metropolis Lagos are the only cities that are cheaper than Bengaluru, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit’s Worldwide Cost of Living Survey 2018.

Bengaluru holds the 129th spot in a list of 133 countries, ranked according to their cost of living. Singapore, the world’s most expensive city, leads the list, which was released earlier this month.
The survey is based on a comparison of more than 400 individual prices across 150 products and services. Two other Indian cities — Chennai (126) and New Delhi (124) — are among the 10 cheapest, while Mumbai is not too far behind at 121.

While Damascus and Caracas are the cheapest because of the political scenario, cities in Asia, including Bengaluru, are structurally cheap, the report notes. Asia is home to some of the most expensive and cheapest cities, the survey found, with the continent continuing to provide the best value for money.

While noting that India is tipped for rapid economic expansion, the report, however, said in per head terms, wage and spending growth will remain low.

==Indian cities vs. high income countries==
[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=HOW-CHEAP-OR-COSTLY-ARE-WORLD-CITIES-IN-21062017034005 The Times of India], June 21, 2017

[[File: How cheap or costly commodities are in the world in Indian rupees.jpg|How cheap or costly commodities are in the world in Indian rupees; [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=HOW-CHEAP-OR-COSTLY-ARE-WORLD-CITIES-IN-21062017034005 The Times of India], June 21, 2017|frame|500px]]


'''See graphic''':

''How cheap or costly commodities are in the world in Indian rupees''

==3 Indian cities, Karachi among world’s cheapest/ 2018 ==
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F03%2F20&entity=Ar02416&sk=A61DBC5E&mode=text  Paris, Singapore and Hong Kong tie for world’s most expensive city, March 20, 2019: ''The Times of India'']

[[File: 3 Indian cities, Karachi were among world’s cheapest,  presumably as in 2018.jpg|3 Indian cities, Karachi were among world’s cheapest,  presumably as in 2018 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F03%2F20&entity=Ar02416&sk=A61DBC5E&mode=text  Paris, Singapore and Hong Kong tie for world’s most expensive city, March 20, 2019: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

'''See graphic''':

''3 Indian cities, Karachi were among world’s cheapest,  presumably as in 2018''


==2019: Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru vis-à-vis major world cities===
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F05%2F26&entity=Ar00202&sk=3428F653&mode=text  May 26, 2019: ''The Times of India'']


Source: Deutsche Bank

Move over Singapore — the world’s most expensive city has two new rivals. After topping the Economist Intelligence Unit’s ‘Worldwide Cost of Living Survey’ for five years, Asia’s Lion City has been joined by Paris and Hong Kong in a tie at the top of the table. It is the first time in the survey’s 30-year history that three cities have shared the top spot.

The annual index compares prices of everyday items in 133 cities around the world, including recreation, education and utility bills. According to the survey, a woman’s haircut in Singapore, Paris and Hong Kong costs $96.01, $119.04 and $112.10 respectively. While parts of Asia remain the most expensive places, the continent also makes several appearances at the bottom of the list. “Bengaluru, Chennai, New Delhi and Karachi feature among the 10 cheapest locations,” the EIU said.

Why you should surf in Delhi, drive in Mumbai & catch a film in Bengaluru

Where you live is perhaps the biggest factor in deciding the quality of your life. Moving from one city to another, it’s not just the scenery that changes — what you earn and spend is likely to fluctuate too. A Deutsche Bank report on 56 megacities across 40 countries measures the cost of living in 2019. A look at select cities and countries on their affordability and how Indian cities compare

1 Salaries highest in US, Europe 2 Rent among the lowest in Indian metros

Monthly salary 2019 (US$) Monthly rent for 2 bedroom apartment 2019 (US$) New York City 4,612 New York City 2,909 London 2,956 London 2,338 Seoul 2,397 Shanghai 1,432 Cape Town 1,302 Seoul 1,049 Shanghai 1,184 Cape Town 737 Bengaluru 760 Mumbai 616 Mumbai 592 Dhaka 421 New Delhi 521 New Delhi 363 Dhaka 375 Bengaluru 298 Cairo 206 Cairo 285

3 Best to buy car in Mumbai 4 Only 3 places where iPhone costs more

Cost of new mid-size car 2019 (US$) Cost of iPhone XS 2019 (US$) Brazil 2,050 Dhaka Seoul Cairo LondonNew York City Turkey 1,880 37,579 27,147 25,434 23,981 23,454 Argentina 1,776 India 1,635 Greece 1,591 Australia 1,317 Hong Kong 1,262 Japan 1,256 Shanghai Cape Town New Delhi Bengaluru Mumbai United States 1,251 21,155 20,263 14,807 12,880 12,147 Nigeria 1,178

5 Check-ins costlier in Dhaka than Delhi 6 A date in India costs 1/3rd of one in US

Cost of a room for 1 day at a 5-star hotel day 2019 (US$) Cairo 658 New York City 142.8 London 618 London 137.7 New York City 415 Seoul 72.7 Dhaka 329 Shanghai 68.9 including Cost of a date cab ride, Cape Town 319 Cape Town 53.4 dinner, movie tickets Seoul 292 Dhaka 49.1 and drinks 2019 (US$) Mumbai 269 New Delhi 48.5 Shanghai 266 Mumbai 43.7 Bengaluru 255 Bengaluru 42.6 New Delhi 244 Cairo 41.9

7 Most expensive jeans in Shanghai 8 Head to South Africa for cheap liquor

Shanghai 108.7 New York City 66.5 London 96.8 London 63.2 Seoul 64.4 Cost of a pair of Shanghai 40.3 Cape Town 61.6 Levis jeans 2019 Dhaka 34.5 Cost of 5 beers and New York City 56 (US$) New Delhi 29.4 2 packs of cigarettes 2019 (US$) Cairo 55.8 Bengaluru 28.9 New Delhi 38.1 Seoul 27.7 Bengaluru 36.1 Mumbai 26.2 Mumbai 34.9 Cairo 17.3 Dhaka 24.5 Cape Town 16.6

9 Why Indians love to go online 10 Film ticket cheaper in B’luru than Mumbai

New York City 52 London 16.8 Cape Town 43 New York City 16.5 London 28 Seoul 8.9 Seoul 24 Shanghai 7.8Cost of movie ticket Dhaka 16 Cape Town 6.1 in 2019 (US$) Shanghai 15 Mumbai 5 Mumbai 13 New Delhi 4.9 Bengaluru 12 Dhaka 4.6 Cost one month of Cairo 12 internet at 8Mbps Cairo 4 New Delhi 11 2019 (US$) Bengaluru 3.9

=Driving within cities=
==The Driving Cities Index==
===2019===
[[File: Kolkata and Mumbai (and Karachi) on The Driving Cities Index, 2019.jpg|Kolkata and Mumbai (and Karachi) on The Driving Cities Index, 2019 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F11%2F14&entity=Ar00200&sk=2F19BAF2&mode=image  Nov 14, 2019: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

'''See graphic''':

'' Kolkata and Mumbai (and Karachi) on The Driving Cities Index, 2019 ''

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=Economic performance =
==The wealth of India’s cities: 2016==
[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-richest-indian-city-with-wealth-of-820-billion/articleshow/57367269.cms Mumbai richest Indian city with wealth of $820 billion: Report, Feb 27, 2017: The Times of India]

Agencies

'''HIGHLIGHTS'''

India's financial capital Mumbai is home to 46,000 millionaires and 28 billionaires, a report says

National capital Delhi is home to 23,000 millionaires and 18 billionaires with total wealth of $450 billion

Bengaluru has 7,700 millionaires and 8 billionaires and an aggregate wealth of $320 billion

Tourists at Mumbai's Gateway of India (Photo courtesy: Mumbai Mirror)Tourists at Mumbai's Gateway of India (Photo courtesy: Mumbai Mirror)

MUMBAI: Mumbai is the richest Indian city+ with a total wealth of $820 billion, a report has said.

According to the latest New World Wealth report, India's financial capital here is home to 46,000 millionaires and 28 billionaires, and is followed in terms of wealth by Delhi in second place and Bengaluru in third place.

Delhi is home to 23,000 millionaires and 18 billionaires with total wealth of $450 billion, while Bengaluru has 7,700 millionaires and 8 billionaires and an aggregate wealth of $320 billion. Home to 9,000 millionaires and 6 billionaires, Hyderabad is next with a total wealth of $310 billion.Pune, with a total wealth of $180 billion, has 4,500 millionaires and 5 billionaires+ .
==2016: Mumbai, Delhi favourites among billionaires==
[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Most-of-Indias-richest-rich-prefer-Mumbai-as-home/articleshow/51232158.cms ''The Times of India''], Mar 3, 2016

''' ''Knight Frank's Wealth Report 2016'' '''

'''Most of India’s richest rich prefer Mumbai as home'''


At 1,094, Mumbai has the most ultra-high-net worth individuals (UHNWI) in India, followed by Delhi's 545. The next decade will see the number increase to 2,243 in Mumbai and 1,128 in Delhi, Knight Frank's Wealth Report 2016, released said.

UHNWI are people with net assets of over $30 million (approximately Rs 204 crore), excluding their primary residence. According to data prepared for the 2016 report by wealth intelligence company New World Wealth, there are now 1,87,500 UHNWIs across the world.

In the past 10 years, the billionaire count in India has jumped 333% to 78, against a global growth of just 68% to 1,919 people.By 2025, India will account for 6% of the world's billionaire population.

== Mid-size cities, 2011==
[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Star-constituencies-lag-in-economic-performance-07102015024005 ''The Times of India''], Oct 07 2015
[[File: Indian cities with the highest number of vehicles, laptops and vacant houses.jpg| Indian cities with the highest number of vehicles, laptops and vacant houses ; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Gallery.aspx?id=07_10_2015_024_005_010&type=P&artUrl=Star-constituencies-lag-in-economic-performance-07102015024005&eid=31808 ''The Times of India''], October 7, 2015|frame|500px]] 

Dipak Dash

'''Star constituencies lag in economic performance'''

''15 of 20 worst mid-size cities are in UP, Bihar: Report''

Fifteen of the 20 worst mid-size cities by economic performance are from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, according to a recent report on non-metropolitan class-I cities in India. Interestingly , five of these, which fall in the category of cities with less than 10 lakh population, have been traditionally represented by the who's who in Indian politics.
According to the report prepared by the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) of Union housing ministry, the worst performers on economic parameters include Hajipur, Ara and Buxar in Bihar and Etawah, Akbarpur, Mirzapur, Lakhimpur and Barabanki in Uttar Pradesh. Jangipur in West Bengal also finds place in the list.

On the contrary , non-metropolitan cities from Tamil Nadu dominate the list of top 20 best ones as far as their economic performance is concerned. While Udhagamandalam ranks first and Gurgaon second, Noida, Gonda, Ambala and Rohtak also find pride of place among the best performing ones.

The report has been prepared based on the 2011 census data for 416 class-I nonmetropolitan cities.

The report also indicates how there is a huge gap in monthly per capita income among the top 20. While it's as high as Rs 29,560 in Udhagamandalam and Rs 28,802 in Karaikudi in Tamil Nadu it's only Rs 4,661 in Greater Noida and Rs 4,918 in Rewari in Haryana. The report points out an alarming trend of one in every five workers in such cities who were found to be living below the poverty line indicating that in most of cases workers may not be getting the mandated minimum wage. The report mentions, “20.5% of the male workers and 23.3% of female workers in non-metropolitan India were found to be below the poverty line in 2011-12. In 2011-12, 20.7% of the self-employed persons; 27.7% of the unpaid family workers; 3.3% of the employers; 41.8% of the casual workers; and 10.5% of the regular wage workers were found to be poor.“

It also has the names of cities, which have high internet penetration. While Gurgaon tops the list with more people having computer laptop with internet, Panchkula in Haryana and Aizawl in ranked second and third.

The report shows how major urban centres in north India have higher percentage of cars and jeeps. While in Panchkula and Gurgaon every third household has such a vehicle in Noida-Greater Noida more than 30% homes own a car.

==2014: Growth of cities==

[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Growth-factor-No-desi-city-in-Top-10-12022015011005 ''The Times of India'']

Feb 12 2015

Chidanand Rajghatta  

''' Only 6 Indian metros among top 100 in an Economic Performance Index '''

The Brookings Institution's 2014 Global Metro Monitor Map that measures and compares growth patterns in the world's 300 largest metro economies puts Delhi at 18th place, followed by Kolkota (among Indian cities) at 32nd.Mumbai (52) Chennai (57) Hyderabad (76) and Bangalore (87), round up the Indian cities in the Top 100, which expectedly is dominated by Chinese cities. China has 11 cities in the Top 20, and four in the Top 10.Surprisingly, Turkey has four in the Top 10, including Izmir, Istanbul, and Bursa at two, three and four, respectively. Macau got the top spot. The report compares growth patterns in the world's 300 largest metro economies on two key economic indicators -annualized growth rate of real GDP per capita and annualized growth rate of employment.

These indicators, which are combined into an economic performance index on which metro areas are ranked, matter because they reflect the importance that people and policymakers attach to achieving rising incomes and standards of living and generating widespread labour market opportunity, the report says.

There is increasing emphasis by planners in recent years on cities because, as the report shows, with only 20% of the population, the 300 largest metropolitan economies in the world accounted for nearly half of global output in 2014.

Despite the dismal ranking of Indian cities, they have all improved on their rankings from the 2009-2014 period, pointing to better prospects.

Most of the growth in the cities surveyed is occurring in developing countries, particularly in Asia.

The highest ranked developed western city is London, which is placed at 26, and the top ranked American city is Austin at 38.

==2014: Risk to GDP==
[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Mumbai-tops-world-in-terror-risk-to-GDP-04092015001049 ''The Times of India''], Sep 04 2015
[[File: GDP at risk due to terror attack and events putting Mumbai's GDP at risk.jpg|GDP at risk due to terror attack and events putting Mumbai's GDP at risk; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Mumbai-tops-world-in-terror-risk-to-GDP-04092015001049 ''The Times of India''], Sep 04 2015|frame|500px]] 

Mayur Shetty

'''Mumbai tops world in terror risk to GDP'''

The 2611 attack on Mumbai might not have been on the same scale as New York's 911. But Lloyd's -the world's oldest active insur ance marketplace -believes Mumbai tops the global list in terms of economic output a risk ($8 billion) in the event of a terrorist attack. The city's gross domestic product at risk (GDP@risk) due to terrorism is slightly more than Kabul's ($7bn). What's more, Mumbai and Delhi rank third and fourth in GDP@risk due to a power outage.
Lloyd's City Risk Index is the first bid to measure the economic output at risk in 301 cities from 18 man-made and natural threats over a decade.

In India the top cities in terms of GDP@risk are Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kanpur, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune and Surat, which together will generate an average annual GDP of $1.4 trillion in the coming decade. However, 12.6% of this economic growth is at risk from the combination of 18 man-made and natural threats.

The analysis assesses the threat to the cities in terms of how likely a catastrophe of a type of threat might affect the city over the next 10 years. It includes assessments of how vulnerable the city might be to that scenario and the resilience of the city in bouncing back from that catastrophe. The amount of economic output lost is represented in the GDP@risk figure, which is an expected loss figure. The expected loss is arrived at by computing the value of an expected loss multiplied by the probability of the loss. “In the case of New York, though it has higher value assets than Mumbai, its GDP@risk associated with terrorism is just $0.59bn compared to Mumbai's $7.94bn. This is because New York is less vulnerable to a terrorist attack (eg., because of its advanced security and intelligence infrastructure) and its economy is more resilient thus better able to bounce back after a terrorist event should it take place,“ Lloyd's said. The survey has some other interesting findings as well. While Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata are the top three, Ahmedabad is a surprise in the fourth position due to the economy's susceptibility to losses arising out of flood ($14bn). Bengaluru is much lower on the list at 10th position because the biggest threat to GDP is a pandemic ($1.8bn).

Although Mumbai tops the list in terms of risk of terrorism to the economy , the biggest threat to the city's output according to Lloyd's is a human pandemic which could cause losses of $11.44bn followed by terrorism, market crash, flood and oil price shocks.

In terms of events, the biggest threat to economic output is a crash in stock markets which could wipe out $1trillion followed by Human Pandemic ($591 bn) and Windstorm ($586bn). The top three cities in terms of GDP at risk are Taipei ($181bn), Tokyo ($153bn) and Seoul ($103bn). The city that is exposed to most threats is New York, which is in the top five in nine of the 18 events which includes cyber risks, flood, freeze, heatwave, market crash, nuclear risks and oil price shock.

==Wealth, 2017: Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad ==
[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/city-wealth-index-mumbai-ahead-of-washington-moscow-toronto/articleshow/57402721.cms  Nauzer Bharucha , City Wealth Index: Mumbai ahead of Washington, Moscow, Toronto , Mar 1, 2017, The Times of India]

''' HIGHLIGHTS ''' 

City Wealth Index ranks Mumbai at 21 and Delhi at 35.

The report has mapped super-rich population of 125 cities across 89 countries.

The ultrahigh net worth individuals affect investment and lifestyle decisions.



MUMBAI: Mumbai ranks 21st in the 'City Wealth Index' ahead of Toronto, Washington DC and Moscow, according to the Knight Frank Wealth Report 2017 released on Wednesday. Delhi at 35 is ahead of Bangkok, Seattle and Jakarta. 

The report tracks the growing super-rich population in 125 cities across 89 countries and provides perspective on the issues that are influencing ultrahigh net worth individuals (UHNWI) investment and lifestyle decisions. This year's survey results are based on responses from almost 900 of the world's leading private bankers and wealth advisors. UHNWIs are those with net assets worth over $ 30 million (roughly Rs 200 crore). 

The number of UHNWIs in India has increased by 290% during the last decade. India houses 2% of the world's millionaires (13.6 million) and 5% of world's billionaires (2,024). 

In India, Mumbai leads the race with 1340 UHNWIs followed by Delhi (680), Kolkata (280) and Hyderabad (260) UHNWIs. Indian cities that saw a rise in UHNWIs compared to 2015 include Pune (18%), Hyderabad and Bangalore (both at 15%) and Mumbai (12%). 

Out of 40 global cities, Mumbai ranks 11 in the 'future wealth' category ahead of Chicago, Sydney, Paris, Seoul and Dubai. 

"Substantial proportion of wealthy Indians is likely to invest in residential property in the next two years - 40% within country and 25% overseas," it said.

Knight Frank India's chief economist & national director - research Samantak Das said, "In terms of real estate sector investment, the wealthy Indians have expressed their top priority in the office segment and logistics also sees a three-fold rise. Even though the residential market in India is reeling under pressure, 40% of wealthy Indians are likely to invest in residential property in India in the next two years while 25% are keen for overseas avenues."

UHNWIs in India prefer countries like Singapore, UK, UAE, USA and Hong Kong for owning a home. However, the global wealthy prefer buying properties in European countries.

27% of Indian UHNWIs have already invested in collectibles such as art, wine or classic cars. Motor yacht is the most sought after luxury asset followed by sailing yacht, race horse, private jet and sports team. "The preference for these items as luxury investment and spending is substantially lower than the global average," said the report.

In terms of most expensive prime residential i.e. the square metres of prime property US$1m will buy, Mumbai climbed up to rank 15 from 18 last year, ahead of Istanbul, Melbourne and Dubai.

==Mumbai: world’s 12th richest== 
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2018%2F02%2F12&entity=Ar00908&sk=BBF5363B&mode=text  At $950 billion, Mumbai 12th richest city of the world, February 12, 2018: ''The Times of India'']


India’s financial capital Mumbai, with a total wealth of USD 950 billion, has been named among the top 15 wealthiest cities globally, while New York topped the list, says a report.

According to a report by New World Wealth, the economic hub of India is the 12th wealthiest city, followed by Toronto with a total wealth of USD 944 billion, Frankfurt (14th, USD 912 billion) and Paris (15th, USD 860 billion).


Total wealth, refers to the private wealth held by all the individuals living in each city. It includes all their assets (property, cash, equities, business interests) less any liabilities. Government funds are excluded from the figures.

Mumbai, also features among the top 10 cities in terms of billionaire population. The city is home to 28 billionaires, individuals with USD 1 billion or more in net assets.

Regarding Mumbai, the report said, “total wealth held in the city amounts to USD 950 billion. Mumbai is the economic hub of India. It is also home to the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), the 12th largest stock exchange in the world. Major industries in the city include financial services, real estate and media”. Going forward, Mumbai is expected to be the fastest growing city (in terms of wealth growth over the next 10 years), it added.

The list of 15 wealthiest cities was topped by New York with a total wealth of USD 3 trillion. London ranked second in the list with USD 2.7 trillion, followed by Tokyo (USD 2.5 trillion), and San Francisco Bay area (USD 2.3 trillion).

===The financial clout of Mumbai (and other financial capitals)===
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2018%2F02%2F20&entity=Ar00402&sk=E0D69C95&mode=text  February 20, 2018: ''The Times of India'']

[[File: The financial clout of Mumbai (and other financial capitals) in 2017.jpg|The financial clout of Mumbai (and other financial capitals) in 2017 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2018%2F02%2F20&entity=Ar00402&sk=E0D69C95&mode=text  February 20, 2018: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

The 15 richest cities in the world hold 11%, or more than a 10th, of the total private wealth. Typically the major business hubs of their respective countries, the list features Mumbai at 12th place.

=== Mumbai 47th on global wealth index===
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIM%2F2018%2F03%2F08&entity=Ar00601&sk=53760DE7&mode=text  March 8, 2018: ''The Times of India'']

[[File: Knight Frank City Wealth Index, top 20 cities and some facts, continent-wise.jpg|Knight Frank City Wealth Index, top 20 cities and some facts, continent-wise <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIM%2F2018%2F03%2F08&entity=Ar00601&sk=53760DE7&mode=text  March 8, 2018: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

‘It Is Among Top 20 Costliest Global Cities Too As A 900-Sq-Ft Flat Sells For ₹6.5cr’

 Mumbai ranks 47 on the “city wealth index” of 314 global cities in the Knight Frank Wealth Report 2018 released on Wednesday.

India’s financial capital is also among the Top 20 costliest global cities; $1m or Rs 6.5 crore can buy a 990-square-foot house in Mumbai, said the report. Mumbai and Delhi, it added, would be among Top 10 markets to witness the highest addition in households earning over $2,50,000 or Rs 1.6 crore annually between 2017 and 2022.

In terms of wealth alone, wherein the index measures the rich and the rate of wealth generation in a city, Mumbai ranks among Top 20 with Delhi at 22nd and Bengaluru at 26th positions, respectively.

Property investment was amongst the lowest (17%) contributing factor that led to an increase in wealth amongst Indians compared with 30% for Asia and 50% globally.

While 95% respondents said that India’s wealthy people increased their investments into equities, 50% said that investments into property dwindled in 2017. “The inclination to invest in property is lower for the ultra-wealthy Indians compared to their global peers,” said Samantak Das, chief economist and national director, research, Knight Frank India.

“For those looking to invest outside India, the top choices are the UK, the US and UAE. Amongst those willing to commit to property, we have seen a heightened level of interest in commercial real estate, particularly office and logistics/warehousing on the back of a stream of policy interventions,” he added.

“At 54%, India records one of the fastest growths in its Super Prime population (individuals with net worth of $50m or over Rs 330 crore) between 2012 and 2017. The country will add more than 2000 such individuals at a higher growth rate of 71% by 2022.”

India is also expected to become the third largest contributor in Asia with respect to wealthy population after China and Japan.

The report is based on responses from more than 500 leading private bankers and wealth advisors across the world, tracking the super-rich population across 314 cities in 52 countries. The number of ultra-wealthy rose by 11,630 in 2017, taking the global total to 129,730.

India’s wealthy population in the prime ($5m or over Rs 32 crore) category rose to 47,720 individuals between 2016 and 2017, recording a 21% growth. This is more than double the global average (9%) and one and half times the Asia average (14%). “Even in terms of projections, the segment in India is expected to increase by staggering 71% between 2017 and 2022, again well above the Asia (61%) and the global average (43%),” said the Knight Frank report.

=Fitness=
==2017: Reebok survey==
[[File: Fitness, trends in major cities, Pune, CHandigarh, Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Chennai.jpg|Fitness, trends in major cities, Pune, CHandigarh, Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Chennai; [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=PUNE-FITTEST-DELHI-SQUATS-AT-4TH-10052017008016 The Times of India], May 10, 2017|frame|500px]]

= Governance=
==2016: Thiruvananthapuram tops==
[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/delhi-slips-thiruvananthapuram-tops-city-governance-ranking/articleshow/57396562.cms  Delhi slips, Thiruvananthapuram tops city governance ranking , Feb 28, 2017, The Times of India]

''' HIGHLIGHTS ''' 

The better a city scores in the survey, the more likely it is that it will be able to deliver better quality of life

In the survey, Pune is ranked second, up two ranks from 2015, while Kolkata retains its third slot

The low scores imply that Indian cities need to strengthen their city-systems


Delhi slips two places to rank ninth while Thiruvananthapuram retains its number one position in the annual city governance ranking, according to a survey released on Tuesday, which evaluated 21 major cities from the country's 18 states. 

The Annual Survey of India's City-System (ASICS) was undertaken by not-for-profit institution Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy (JCCD). 

The better a city scores in the survey, the more likely it is that it will be able to deliver better quality of life to citizens over the medium and long-term. 

In the survey, Pune is ranked second, up two ranks from 2015, while Kolkata retains its third slot. 

The biggest gainer in the 2016 survey is Bhubaneswar, which has jumped eight places from 2015 to land at the 10th spot. 

Bengaluru has dropped four places to rank 16, while Ludhiana, Jaipur and Chandigarh retain their previous positions of 19th, 20th and 21st respectively. 

Releasing the survey, JCCD CEO Srikanth Viswanathan said India's cities are not poised to handle urbanisation well and the survey for 2016 reveals several systemic inadequacies in urban governance that could affect public service delivery.

Viswanathan said the survey showed that Indian cities score between 2.1 and 4.4 on scale of 10, as against the global benchmarks of London and New York, which score 9.3 and 9.8 respectively.

These low scores imply that Indian cities need to strengthen their city-systems - quality of laws, policies and institutions significantly to improve service delivery and deliver a high quality of life to citizens, he added.

The ASICS report is designed to help city leaders pin point issues in urban governance in their cities and help them chalk out a reform roadmap to make them more livable.

The City-Systems framework, comprises four distinct but inter-related components - urban planning and design, urban capacities and resources; empowered and legitimate political representation and transparency, accountability and participation.

==2017, Pune tops==
===Details===
[http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/ASICS-2017.html Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy] > ASICS 2017 Press Release ( English) 


''5th edition of Janaagraha’s Annual Survey of India’s City-Systems (ASICS) 2017 reveals improvement in City-Systems but at a very slow pace''


Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy (Janaagraha), a Bengaluru-based non-profit released the 5th edition of its Annual Survey of India’s City-Systems (ASICS) report. The study which evaluates quality of governance in cities, in its 2017 edition covered 23 major cities in India across 20 states based on 89 questions. Indian cities scored between 3.0 and 5.1 on 10, with Pune topping the charts for the first time. Other cities that came in the top five include Kolkata, Thiruvananthapuram, Bhubaneswar and Surat, with scores in the range of 4.6 to 4.5. Bengaluru, Chandigarh, Dehradun, Patna and Chennai constituted the bottom five cities with scores in the range of 3.0 to 3.3 on 10.

In comparison the global benchmarks of Johannesburg, London and New York which scored 7.6, 8.8 and 8.8 respectively.
“ASICS does not measure quality of infrastructure and services such as roads and traffic, garbage, water, housing, sanitation and air pollution, but instead measures the preparedness of cities to deliver high quality infrastructure and services in the long-term by evaluating “city—systems” of spatial planning and design standards, municipal finance, municipal staffing, political leadership at the city level and transparency and citizen participation“ said Anil Nair, Deputy Head, Advocacy and Reforms at Janaagraha. Scores in the range of 3 to 5.1, with 12 out of 23 cities below 4 on 10, strongly signals that Indian cities are grossly under-prepared to deliver a high quality of life that is sustainable in the long term. The recurring floods, garbage crises, fire accidents, building collapses, air pollution and dengue outbreaks are only symptoms of this deeper governance crisis in our cities.

“Pune wrested the number one position from Thiruvananthapuram in ASICS 2017. Surat was the biggest gainer in this year’s rankings, jumping 12 positions over 2016 to the 5th spot. This was on the back of improved performance on own revenue generation, higher capital expenditure per capita by the city and implementation of AMRUT reforms including appointment of an internal auditor and credit rating“ said Vivek Anandan Nair, Associate Manager and project lead on ASICS 2017. Bhubaneswar stood out for showing steady improvement and moving six positions to fourth this year from the tenth position in 2016. The performance of the two new cities that were added to the survey this year, Guwahati from Assam and Visakhapatnam from Andhra Pradesh was also disappointing with scores of 3.8 and 3.4 respectively. Significant delay in conduct of council elections in Visakhapatnam and Chennai pulled down the scores in these cities because this also have a cascading effect on aspects such as formation of ward committees, gender representation in the council etc.

Overall, India’s cities have continued to score low over the last three editions of ASICS, with average score improving marginally from 3.4 to 3.9. This indicates slow progress on fixing City-Systems. This is particularly worrisome, given the pace at which India is urbanising and the already poor state of public service delivery in our cities. The report underlines the need for sharp focus on City-Systems or institutional reforms to city governance in our cities. .

ASICS identifies five systemic challenges that need to be urgently addressed for our cities to deliver a better quality of life to citizens in a sustainable manner. These are:

1. Lack of a modern, contemporary framework of spatial planning of cities and design standards for public utilities such as roads, footpaths, bus stops and other underground utilities such as water and sewerage networks

2. Weak finances, both in terms of financial sustainability and financial accountability of cities

3. Poor human resource management, in terms of number of staff, skills and competencies of staff, organisation design and performance management

4. Powerless mayors and city councils and severe fragmentation of governance across municipalities, parastatal agencies and state departments

5. Total absence of platforms for systematic citizen participation and lack of transparency in finances and operations of cities

The ASICS report is designed to help city leaders pin point issues in urban governance and help them chart out a reforms roadmap to make their city better.


'''About the Annual Survey of India’s City-Systems (ASICS)'''

ASICS is an objective evaluation of the quality of governance in our cities. Like a thorough health check-up, it highlights the deep systemic flaws that exist in urban governance. ASICS 2017 evaluates 23 major cities from 20 states across the country. Using Janaagraha’s City-Systems framework as its basis, the survey evaluates cities across 89 detailed parameters. The better a city scores in the ASICS survey, the more likely that it will be able to deliver better quality of life to citizens over the medium and long-term.

Every year, we see several of our cities’ challenges making headlines in newspapers and occupying prime time on news television. The same events recur, just like the monsoons that greet us every year and bring with them the familiar sights of waterlogging, potholes and endless traffic jams. Incidents like the air pollution in Mumbai due to burning garbage, alarming air pollution levels in Delhi and the devastating floods in Chennai all remind us of events from the past, perhaps from the same city. This strongly suggests that the traditional Indian band-aid approach, also known as ‘jugaad’, to solving these challenges simply do not work. Our cities’ challenges are too deep for us to take just tactical stabs at them. The root causes, that lie deep within urban governance systems need to be identified and addressed; we need to move from fixing symptoms to fixing systems.

The systems that underlie urban governance are what we collectively refer to as “City-Systems”. “City-systems” refer to laws, policies, quality of institutions and accountability mechanisms that drive or give rise to the quality of life that we experience in our daily lives. ‘City-Systems’ are interconnected and interdependent and emphasise the systemic nature of our cities, their challenges and solutions. The City-Systems framework, comprises four distinct but inter-related components namely:

- Urban Planning and Design (Spatial Planning, Urban design standards)

- Urban Capacities and Resources (Municipal Finance, Municipal Staffing, IT)

- Empowered and Legitimate Political Representation (powers and functions of city council, their legitimacy)
and

- Transparency, Accountability and Participation (public disclosure, accountability for service levels


'''About Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy (Janaagraha)'''

Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy (Janaagraha) is a Bengaluru based not-for-profit institution that is a part of the Jana group. Janaagraha’s mission is to transform quality of life in India’s cities and towns. It defines quality of life as comprising quality of infrastructure and services and quality of citizenship. To achieve its mission, Janaagraha works with citizens to catalyse active citizenship in city neighbourhoods and with governments to institute reforms to City-Systems. You can read more about Janaagraha at www.janaagraha.org.
About Jana Urban Space Foundation (Jana USP)
   
Jana Urban Space is a Professional Services Social Enterprise (PSSE), delivering transformational, world-class work on the spatial dimension of India’s cities. Jana USP has four inter-disciplinary Studios - Urban Planning Studio; Urban Design Studio; Spatial Mapping and Analytics Studio; and Architecture and Design Studio. The multiple studios reflect Jana USP’s systems-driven approach to addressing urban Spatial challenges. Jana Urban Space is a not-for-profit entity.

'''City Wise ASICS Scores across the 4 City-Systems components'''

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   {| border="1"
|-
| 
Name of the city
 
| 
ASICS 2017 SCORE
 
| 
ASICS 2017 RANK
 
| 
UPD
 
| 
UCR
 
| 
ELPR
 
| 
TAP

|-
| 
Pune
 
| 
5.1
 
| 
1
 
| 
2.8
 
| 
7.3
 
| 
4.9
 
| 
5.5

|-
| 
Kolkata
 
| 
4.6
 
| 
2
 
| 
3.7
 
| 
4.5
 
| 
6.3
 
| 
4.0

|-
| 
Thiruvananthapuram
 
| 
4.6
 
| 
3
 
| 
2.8
 
| 
3.5
 
| 
6.5
 
| 
5.5
 
|-
| 
Bhubaneswar
 
| 
4.6
 
| 
4
 
| 
4.2
 
| 
4.6
 
| 
4.7
 
| 
4.8

|-
| 
Surat
 
| 
4.5
 
| 
5
 
| 
3.6
 
| 
5.2
 
| 
5.5
 
| 
3.8

|-
| 
Delhi
 
| 
4.4
 
| 
6
 
| 
5.1
 
| 
4.2
 
| 
5.3
 
| 
3.0

|-
| 
Ahmedabad
 
| 
4.4
 
| 
7
 
| 
3.5
 
| 
5.0
 
| 
5.6
 
| 
3.5

|-
| 
Hyderabad
 
| 
4.3
 
| 
8
 
| 
3.0
 
| 
5.2
 
| 
3.3
 
| 
5.5
 
|-
| 
Mumbai
 
| 
4.2
 
| 
9
 
| 
2.9
 
| 
5.9
 
| 
4.9
 
| 
3.2

|-
| 
Ranchi
 
| 
4.1
 
| 
10
 
| 
2.0
 
| 
3.7
 
| 
6.0
 
| 
4.7
 
|-
| 
Raipur
 
| 
4.0
 
| 
11
 
| 
2.5
 
| 
3.7
 
| 
5.5
 
| 
4.4

|-
| 
Kanpur
 
| 
3.9
 
| 
12
 
| 
2.7
 
| 
4.3
 
| 
4.3
 
| 
4.2
 
|-
| 
Lucknow
 
| 
3.8
 
| 
13
 
| 
2.4
 
| 
4.1
 
| 
4.3
 
| 
4.5
 
|-
| 
Guwahati
 
| 
3.8
 
| 
14
 
| 
2.5
 
| 
3.5
 
| 
4.8
 
| 
4.4
 
|-
| 
Bhopal
 
| 
3.7
 
| 
15
 
| 
2.3
 
| 
3.6
 
| 
4.5
 
| 
4.2
 
|-
| 
Ludhiana
 
| 
3.5
 
| 
16
 
| 
3.0
 
| 
3.0

| 
4.1

| 
3.9

|-
| 
Vishakhapatnam
 
| 
3.4
 
| 
17
 
| 
2.6
 
| 
3.8
 
| 
2.8
 
| 
4.6
 
|-
| 
Jaipur
 
| 
3.4
 
| 
18
 
| 
3.4
 
| 
3.3
 
| 
4.7
 
| 
2.1
 
|-
| 
Chennai
 
| 
3.3
 
| 
19
 
| 
2.9
 
| 
4.0
 
| 
4.1
 
| 
2.0

|-
| 
Patna
 
| 
3.3
 
| 
20
 
| 
2.6
 
| 
3.3
 
| 
4.8
 
| 
2.4

|-
| 
Dehradun
 
| 
3.1
 
| 
21
 
| 
2.4
 
| 
3.3
 
| 
4.8
 
| 
1.8
 
|-
| 
Chandigarh
 
| 
3.1
 
| 
22
 
| 
1.8
 
| 
4.4
 
| 
3.6
 
| 
2.5
 
|-
| 
Bengaluru
 
| 
3.0
 
| 
23
 
| 
3.0
 
| 
3.0
 
| 
2.9
 
| 
3.0

|-
| 
London
 
| 
8.8
 
| 
-
 
| 
7.9
 
| 
9.7
 
| 
9.4
 
| 
8.2

|-
| 
New York
 
| 
8.8
 
| 
-
 
| 
8.0
 
| 
9.8
 
| 
8.8
 
| 
8.5

|-
| 
Johannesburg
 
| 
7.6
 
| 
-
 
| 
5.3
 
| 
8.8
 
| 
8.8
 
| 
7.6

|}

=Healthcare=
==Delhi and Mumbai==
[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/why-mumbai-has-better-civic-sense-than-delhi/articleshow/58288095.cms Subodh Varma, Why Mumbai has better ‘civic sense’ than Delhi, Apr 21, 2017: The Times of India]


'''HIGHLIGHTS'''

BMC's annual budget is five times more than that of the cumulative budget of three municipal bodies in Delhi

Delhi’s municipalities derive almost 40% of their incomes from grants given by the state government

BMC spent three times more on health and two times more on the education


NEW DELHI: The scorching heat of an early summer in the capital is somewhat being tempered by expectation that life might become better after the municipal polls on April 23, given the cool election promises being made by the contending parties. Not surprisingly, however, none of the parties is revealing where it will find the funds+ to back the generous assurances. The reality, as Delhi's citizens know well, is that the three municipal corporations are hamstrung by a chronic cash crunch+ that has forced employees into striking work over delayed salaries, foiled attempts to check outbreaks of dengue and other diseases and left civic services in a shambles.

With a cumulative budget of Rs 9,551 crore in 2014-15, the three municipal bodies spent an average of just Rs 5,340 per person in a year. Nearly 40% of the money went into paying civic employees and corporators, and to meet general administrative expenses. Sanitation activities+ , like collection and disposal of garbage, and cleaning of drains, accounted for just Rs 1,258 per person. Healthcare, including running dispensaries and conducting disease prevention programmes, came for even less at Rs758 per person.
Compare this with the spending of Greater Mumbai Municipal Corporation, the country's richest municipal body with an annual budget over five times that of Delhi. It spent three times more on health and two times more on the education per person. Remember, the population residing in Mumbai's municipal area is considerably less than in Delhi.

How does Mumbai manage to generate more income? Can't Delhi do the same? Of course, Delhi's status as a Union territory with an assembly hampers full devolution of powers to local bodies, unlike in the case of Mumbai. Octroi, development charges and property tax are the main sources of revenue for the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Delhi's municipalities derive almost 40% of their incomes from grants given by the state government. Water distribution is a significant source of income in Mumbai, but in Delhi this has been hived off to a separate body under the state government.
In short, for the municipalities in the capital to become resource rich, either the whole set-up in Delhi needs to be changed or more grants will have to be given to them. This crucial fact, of course, doesn't exercise the minds of the political leaders out wooing the voters.

== Hazard index/ 2020==
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL/2021/06/09&entity=Ar00207&sk=B573E461&mode=text  SwatiShindeGole , June 9, 2021: ''The Times of India'']

[[File: A hazard map of India, presumably as in 2020..jpg|A hazard map of India, presumably as in 2020. <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL/2021/06/09&entity=Ar00207&sk=B573E461&mode=text  SwatiShindeGole , June 9, 2021: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, have created a ‘hazard map’ of 446 cities and towns (with populations of over 1 lakh) to identify areas from where pandemic outbreaks can spread rapidly. According to the study, Delhi tops the hazard index of spreading an infection, followed by Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Chennai. Pune is at number 10.

IISER’s physics department used transportation networks and mobility patterns to create the map — the lower the rank, the higher is the hazard level. Researchers said infections can travel out from these cities because of the large, well-connected transport hubs.

Lead researcher at IISER, M S Santhanam said, “Independent of the severity of infections or location of the outbreak, transportation modes serve to spread them far and wide. This is evident in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious diseases earlier”.

The project also used mobility and transport data to assign a risk score to cities if an outbreak occurs in another town or city. For example, Mumbai is ranked 1 (faces most risk) if Pune reports an outbreak. Satara is ranked 19 and Latur 50. Similarly, if Bengaluru is assigned rank 5 and Hyderabad 8, the former can expect cases to arrive quicker from the region reporting the original outbreak.

Explaining the science behind the map, IISER, Pune, team member Onkar Sadekar said, “The idea is simple: mobility of people is responsible for the spread. If mobility patterns of people are known, geographical spread of infection can be mapped out. A hazard rank is assigned using a combination of mathematical models and use of transportation and mobility data.”

Another member of the team, Sachin Jain said, “If an infectious disease breaks out in one city, how long would it take for it to reach other towns or cities? This length of time can be a measure of the hazard that can be assigned to other cities. The longer it takes, the lesser the hazard.”

Jain said the model can predict hazards from infectious diseases. “The framework can be extended to include multiple locations with outbreaks. We can use it to identify effective ways to selectively block transport to arrest quick spread of disease.”

The two other team members were Mansi Budamagunta and G J Srejith. The project has been funded by a special MATRICS grant of the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB).

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=Hotspots (for Wi-Fi)=
==As in 2019==
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F08%2F09&entity=Ar00911&sk=EF460B4E&mode=text  August 9, 2019: ''The Times of India'']

[[File: Hotspots (for Wi-Fi) in the major cities of India, 2019.jpg|Hotspots (for Wi-Fi) in the major cities of India/ 2019 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F08%2F09&entity=Ar00911&sk=EF460B4E&mode=text  August 9, 2019: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

Free Wi-Fi scheme gets cabinet nod

Plan For 1.4 Lakh CCTV Cams Approved Too

New Delhi:

The Delhi cabinet on Thursday gave its nod to the AAP government’s ambitious scheme of providing free Wi-Fi at public places in the capital, one of the 70 promises made by the party ahead of the 2015 assembly elections.

“It was our commitment to give free Wi-Fi to Delhi and today we have fulfilled that. This will be the largest free Wi-Fi project anywhere in the world,” chief minister Arvind Kejriwal said, adding that tenders will soon be floated and work will begin in three-four months.

The cabinet also approved the proposal to install an additional 1.4 lakh CCTV cameras across the city. The expenditure finance committee of Delhi government had approved both the projects.

Talking to reporters, Kejriwal said 11,000 hotspots will be created across the city and users within the radius of 50 metres will be able to access the internet for free. Each user will get 15GB data monthly at a speed of 200 mbps. While 4,000 hotspots will be set up at bus queue shelters, 100 will be installed at community places, such as parks and mohalla clinics, in each assembly constituency. He added that 150-200 users will be able to access the internet concurrently at each hotspot.

“We will learn from the experience of the first phase of the project and create more hotspots, if required, later,” Kejriwal said.
PWD minister Satyendar Jain said the project would be run on OpEx (operating expense) service model. “The capital investment in setting up the infrastructure will be made by the vendor. The government will bear the operating cost of approximately Rs 100 crore per annum,” he added.

Asked about misuse of the facility, Kejriwal said adequate safeguard measures will be taken. Though most mobile users now have internet access on their phones, he said youths were still asking about when they would be getting the free Wi-Fi facility. This prompted the government to speed up the project.

The Wi-Fi hotspots will also be connected with the CCTV cameras being installed across the city. The CM said that public response regarding the cameras was “overwhelmingly positive” and was helping authorities nab thieves and miscreants.

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=Liveability Index=
==2010: Delhi best city, NCR no match==
[http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/welcome.asp?skin=pastissues2&QS=skin%3Dpastissues2%26enter%3DLowLevel The Times of India]

Megha Suri Singh | TNN 

New Delhi: Despite all its problems, Delhi offers the best quality of life to its residents among all cities in the country, according to a ‘Liveability Index’ released by CII. In the index, based on surveys, Delhi outscores metros like Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore and Kolkata; NCR towns Gurgaon, Noida and Faridabad; and even planned cities like Chandigarh.

Delhi ranks first on parameters like population density, safety, transport, education, job opportunities and accidents. The only red line in the capital’s card is health care, where the city is ranked 17th. Kozhikode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Kolkata score high on this front.

Among NCR cities, Gurgaon ranks ninth on the list — it tops the chart on housing and educational facilities but lags behind due to lack of job opportunities, crime and unsafe roads and public transport. Noida ranks 27th due to poor health care, crime rate, no public transport and high rate of accidents.


== In NCR, worst city to live in is Faridabad==
[[File: ncr.png||frame|500px]] 
[[File: ncr1.png||frame|left|500px]] 
New Delhi: ‘Liveability Index’ released by the Confederation of Indian Industry, while terming Delhi as the best city to live in, stated that the worst city in NCR is Faridabad with a rank of 32. The city needs upgradation of employment opportunities, public transport, roads, migration and healthcare.

Delhi also scores relatively low (12th) on migration. But cities like Indore, Pune, Chandigarh, Goa, Bangalore, Jaipur and Faridabad are far worse at ranks 37, 35, 34, 33, 32, 29 and 28, respectively.

After Delhi, the next best cities to live in, according to the survey, are Mumbai, Chennai and Bangalore, in that order. The bottom rankers in the index are Jamshedpur (ranked 37th), Visakhapatnam (36th), Patna (35th), Lucknow (34th) and Ludhiana (33rd).

The survey studied 37 Indian cities over a decade to deduce a Quality of Life index. ‘‘The study uses hard data collected from reliable sources to eliminate the possibility of personal bias or a sampling error obscuring the reality,’’ said an official.

== 2014: Noida best==

[[File: City ranking in NCR.jpg|City ranking in NCR; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Noida-most-livable-Ggn-costliest-16082015003018 ''The Times of India''], Aug 16 2015|frame|500px]] 

Source: The Times of India

1. [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Noida-most-liveable-city-in-NCR-Study-16082015001015 ''The Times of India''], Aug 16 2015

2. [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Noida-most-livable-Ggn-costliest-16082015003018 ''The Times of India''], Aug 16 2015, Sharmila Bhowmick

Noida is the best NCR city to live in because its civic infrastructure is more evolved and cost of living moderate, says a recent study , placing it above Gurgaon which emerged as NCR's office district. Faridabad was the most stable and Ghaziabad the least, reports Sharmila Bhowmick.
The Residential Preference Survey 2015, compiled by real estate services and consultancy giant Colliers International, India, ranked five NCR cities across political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. The research was compiled with the help of field experts and secondary sources such as Google and government databases.

There are people who always defend “dynamic“ Gurgaon, and claim it's the best city in NCR. And then there are others who swear by “planned-city“ Noida.Now, finally , there's a study that factors in various parameters to reach a more informed ranking.
Right on top, beating Gurgaon, is Noida. And it is the best city to live in NCR because its civic infrastructure is more evolved and cost of living moderate.

According to the `Residential Preference Survey 2015' by real estate services and consultancy giant Colliers International, India, living in Noida is the best bet for people who like to lead a hassle-free and laidback life with enough amenities, even though many residents may have to travel long distances to Delhi or Gurgaon for the sake of their jobs.

In the study , Gurgaon has predictably emerged as NCR's office district. It is the swishest NCR city and creates most employment, but also has the most expensive real estate.

The research by Colliers on the basis of a Pestle study of comparative indices-based on political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal parameters--includes five NCR cities of Gurgaon, Noida, Faridabad, Greater Noida and Ghaziabad. Colliers compiled its research with the help of field experts, as well as secondary sources like NUMBEO, Wikipedia, Google and other government databases.

“Pestle is a strategic tool which gauges macro environmental factors. Accordingly, we ranked cities on parameters such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal, which impact a person's decision making on which city to live in. The research shows some interesting pointers,“ Surabhi Arora, associate director (research) at Colliers International, India, told TOI.

It appears from the study that when people choose a city to live in or invest in property , political stability is one of the most important deciding factors. “To determine political stability , we have taken qualitative indices of crime in the cities over the past six months. It revealed Faridabad as the most stable across a combination of factors, with Ghaziabad the least stable. Gurgaon, Noida and Greater Noida are all at par,“ Arora said. However, Ghaziabad is the most crime-prone with 79.30 points according to the survey. Noida and Greater Noida are both at 57.79 points.

In economic indices, Gurgaon, at 160.27 points, is the most expensive NCR city to live in, while Noida stands at 93.94 points. “This shows that for the same basket of goods -a qualitative combination of rent, grocery , restaurants, etc -you spend a low of Rs 93.94 in Noida, but a high of Rs 160.27 in Gurgaon,“ Arora said.

In social indices, Gurgaon scored the highest in healthcare facilities at 78.17 points, based on secondary sources. “Although professionals choose to live in Gurgaon because most corporate offices are located there, in the long term, and in terms of lifestyle quality, Noida is so far the best bet in NCR,“ Arora said.

==2019, Mercer’s: Hyderabad, Pune top==
[[File: Indian (and other) cities on Mercer’s ranking for 2019.jpg|Indian (and other) cities on Mercer’s ranking for 2019. <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F03%2F14&entity=Ar01917&sk=AC7976F3&mode=image  March 14, 2019: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]


'''See graphic''':

''Indian (and other) cities on Mercer’s ranking for 2019.''

===EIU: ranks of Delhi, Mumbai drop===
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F09%2F05&entity=Ar02106&sk=EA91A8C4&mode=text  Sep 5, 2019: ''The Times of India'']

[[File: Karachi and Dhaka were among the world’s worst 5 cities in 2019.jpg| Karachi and Dhaka were among the world’s worst 5 cities in 2019 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F09%2F05&entity=Ar02106&sk=EA91A8C4&mode=text  Sep 5, 2019: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]] 


The national capital has dropped by six places to rank 118th on a list of the world’s most liveable cities due to increase in cases of petty crimes and poor air quality, an annual survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit showed.
While New Delhi registered the biggest decline in Asia, Mumbai also fell two places since last year to rank 119th on the list topped by Vienna (Austria) for the second consecutive year.

The EIU also flagged “an escalation in abuses against journalists in recent years” in India, citing a decline in the country’s ranking in Reporters Without Borders’ Press Freedom Index where India now sits in the bottom quartile of countries.

The study said that Asian cities overall have scored slightly below the global average while three Asian cities — Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea (135th), Pakistan’s Karachi (136th) and Bangladesh’s Dhaka (138th) — are among the ten least liveable globally.

The EIU said decline in Mumbai’s rank was mainly due to a downgrade in its culture score, while New Delhi has fallen in the index because of downgrades to its culture and environment score as well as fall in the stability score owing to rising crime rates.

“This year we also note the demonstrable impact of the effects of climate change on liveability. Several cities, such as New Delhi in India and Cairo in Egypt received substantial downgrades on their scores owing to problems linked to climate change, such as poor air quality, undesirable average temperatures and inadequate water provision,” the report said.

The EIU said its ranking of 140 cities is based on their scores in five broad categories — stability, healthcare, culture and environment, education, and infrastructure. Each factor in a city is rated as acceptable, tolerable, uncomfortable, undesirable or intolerable.

“In recent years liveability has generally been rising, thanks to improvements in stability and better education and healthcare provision in cities. But these improvements are under serious threat from an increasingly adverse climate,” EIU’s global forecasting director Agathe Demarais said.

While New Delhi has been given an overall score of 56.3, Mumbai has got 56.2, while top-ranked Vienna has scored 99.1 and least-ranked Damascus (Syria) has got 30.7 points.

The 2018 update to the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Ambient Air Quality Database shows that New Delhi has the sixth highest annual mean concentration of fine particulate matter among cities around the world.

London and New York ranked 48th and 58th out of “Paris in France is the highest-ranked city to have seen a deterioration in its stability score, owing to the ongoing anti-government gilets jaunes protests that began in late 2018,” the EIU said. Paris slid six places to 25th, from 19th last year. AGENCIES 

==2020==
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2021%2F06%2F19&entity=Ar01101&sk=8D36E414&mode=text  Jasjeev Gandhiok, June 19, 2021: ''The Times of India'']

[[File: The Ease of Living Index 2020.jpg| The Ease of Living Index 2020 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2021%2F06%2F19&entity=Ar01101&sk=8D36E414&mode=text  Jasjeev Gandhiok, June 19, 2021: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

The capitals of India’s states are likely a good indication of development in that state and a new report released by Centre for Science and Environment has indeed established that state capitals are among India’s most livable cities. According to its Ease of Living Index 2020, Delhi ranks sixth on the list, behind Bengaluru, Chennai, Shimla, Bhubaneswar and Mumbai. Delhi, however, ranked as the worst capital in the perception of citizens contacted for the survey.

The findings are part of CSE’s latest report, State of India’s Environment 2021. It also ranked Delhi as the fourth best city in terms of governance behind Bhopal, Raipur and Mumbai.
To determine the score on the Ease of Living Index, four parameters were used: quality of life, economic ability, sustainability and citizens’ perceptions. The cities were given scores on all four parameters out of 100. Delhi received a score between 50 and 60 on the first three parameters and 69.4 on the citizens’ perception survey. In comparison, Bhubaneswar received a citizens’ perception score of 94.8 and Jaipur, 87.1.

Bengaluru was ranked as the best city overall, followed by Chennai. The CSE reports states, “Only one state capital (Bengaluru) demonstrates a decent economic ability, scoring 78.8 out of 100, four other state capitals (Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi and Hyderabad) provide middling economic opportunities. The rest have all scored less than 30 out of 100.”

Sunita Narain, directorgeneral, CSE, said, “There is drama in numbers, especially when these numbers give you a trend. Are things getting better or worse? It is even more powerful when you can use the trend to understand the crisis, the challenge and the opportunity. The numbers in the case of Indian cities clearly suggest that the direction of development there is unsustainable.”

For the quality of governance rankings of the cities, five parameters were used: services, finance, technology, urban planning and overall governance. Delhi ranked high on services, finance and governance, but received very low scores between 30 and 40 in both the urban planning and the technology categories.

This is the second edition of the index, originally launched in 2018. The current index has seen a significant change from that of last year, the most noticeable being the inclusion of citizens’ feedback to establish the livability of Indian cities.

==2023: EIU==
[[File:  The most and least liveable cities of India in 2023.jpg|  The most and least liveable cities of India in 2023 according to the EIU, As well as the least livable cities of Bangladesh and Pakistan <br/> Graphic courtesy: [   ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]] 

See graphic ‘ The most and least liveable cities of India in 2023 according to the EIU, As well as the least livable cities of Bangladesh and Pakistan’

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=Mercer Quality of Living Rating=
==2018==
[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hyderabad-best-city-to-live-in-india-survey/articleshow/63389408.cms  March 21, 2018: ''The Times of India'']

[[File: Mercer Quality of Living Rating, 2018.jpg|Mercer Quality of Living Rating, 2018 <br/> From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hyderabad-best-city-to-live-in-india-survey/articleshow/63389408.cms  March 21, 2018: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

'''HIGHLIGHTS'''

Hyderabad has been able to retain its position as the top Indian city for the fourth year in a row
New Delhi, on the other hand, ranked the lowest among the Indian cities for the third consecutive year thanks to the continuing challenges it faces in terms of traffic and air quality.

HYDERABAD: The relatively low crime rate and pleasant weather in the `City of Pearls’ has helped it hold on to its top rank among Indian cities in the latest Mercer Quality of Living Rating 2018 that was released.
Hyderabad has been able to retain its position as the top Indian city for the fourth year in a row, but has had to share the numero uno slot with Pune, which has been jumping up the ranking chart over the last two years.


The two cities ranked at the 142 nd spot, the highest among the seven Indian cities, including Bangalore, Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata and Delhi, that featured in the survey.

New Delhi, on the other hand, ranked the lowest among the Indian cities for the third consecutive year thanks to the continuing challenges it faces in terms of traffic and air quality. Other metros, including Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Bengaluru, also ranked lower on the Quality of Living Index than the relatively newer technology hubs of Pune and Hyderabad. Both the IT cities have been rising in the rankings, with Pune jumping three spots in 2018.

“While Hyderabad and Pune have jumped in rankings this year, they have done so relative to other cities, while showing negligible change on factors evaluated,” the report said.


'''Climate & low crime rate hold Hyd in good stead'''

Environmental factors such as relatively lower crime and climate hold Hyderabad in relative good stead, while Pune attracts due to its averagely good housing facilities and good availability of consumer goods for international employees,” the report said. In fact, all Indian cities surveyed scored high on factors such as communication and access to food consumables.

Globally, Vienna retained its top position among the list of 450 cities, the ninth consecutive year at the top of the Index. This was followed by Zurich, which ranked second, while Auckland and Munich shared the third spot.

Vancouver was the fifth top city worldwide with the best quality of living in North America. Singapore, with a score of 25 on the scale, was the highest ranked city in Asia and Montevideo, with a ranking of 77, the highest in Latin America. 

A separate ranking on city sanitation, which analysed a city’s waste removal and sewage infrastructure, levels of infectious disease, air pollution, water availability and quality — all important aspects of a city’s attractiveness for both talent and businesses, was also introduced this year.

Amongst Indian cities, Bengaluru ranked the highest on this count at 194, followed closely by Chennai at 199 and Pune at 206 rank. However, both New Delhi and Kolkata ranked among the bottom five cities worldwide in terms of city sanitation, closely following each other at 228 and 227 rank respectively. Hyderabad ranked at 209 in the city sanitation ranking.

“The results show that Indian cities are yet to make any marked leaps on the quality of living scale, from 2017. However, this is the 20th anniversary of our survey globally and, though few Indian cities have decreased in their ranking, over a 20-year period these cities have been continuously improving their living standards. A key driver has been the considerable investment in physical infrastructure including airports, public transport and communication facilities — among the many factors used to evaluate city living standards,” said Padma Ramanathan, India Practice Leader, Global Mobility, Mercer.

=Quality of life=
==2020==
[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mumbai-offers-highest-quality-of-life-chennai-treats-its-women-best-study/articleshow/79574501.cms  Chandrima Banerjee, December 5, 2020: ''The Times of India'']
[[File: The Quality of life in select Indian cities, 2020.jpg|The Quality of life in select Indian cities, 2020 <br/> From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mumbai-offers-highest-quality-of-life-chennai-treats-its-women-best-study/articleshow/79574501.cms  Chandrima Banerjee, December 5, 2020: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

Mumbai offers highest quality of life, Chennai treats its women best: Study

NEW DELHI: There’s a reason cities are spoken of in organic terms. They come up, grow and thrive, or shrivel and die. But for decades, how a city treats its people has been judged by an idea of urban experience that is far removed from the lives we lead. Now, IIT-Bombay researchers have come up with an urban quality of life index tailored to the reality of life in India. And, for the first time, they have factored in gender parity. Chennai, it turns out, is the most women-friendly and Patna the least. 

Overall, Mumbai tops the list of 14, followed closely by Delhi, Kolkata and Chennai. But so important is the gender role index that quality of life rankings of six cities would have changed had it not been considered — Delhi, Jaipur and Indore would have been ranked higher, and Mumbai, Bhopal and Lucknow would have ceded their spots. Only Chennai, Kolkata and Mumbai surpass the average score for gender index, while Indore, Jaipur and Patna are way below average. 

“Women experience cities differently; meeting women’s needs becomes essential in promoting sustainable urban development,” the paper, in press to be published in Elsevier journal ‘Transport Policy’, said. The study found that Jaipur has the highest crime rate against women, Chennai has the lowest . The gap in literacy rate between men and women is the widest in Jaipur (13.2%) and lowest in Kolkata (5.4%). The unemployment rate for women is the highest in Patna — at 346, it is more than four times the urban average of 73. 

Another often overlooked factor are the basics — power, water, education. Only 36% urban households in Patna have access to treated tap water. Literacy was the highest in Pune (91%) and, surprisingly, the lowest in Hyderabad (83%).

=Relocating to a city=
==Moving Index, 2019==
[[File: On the Moving Index, 2019, Delhi was among the cheapest cities in the world to relocate to.jpg|On the Moving Index, 2019, Delhi was among the cheapest cities in the world to relocate to <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F07%2F23&entity=Ar00401&sk=8D219658&mode=image  July 23, 2019: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]


'''See graphic''':

'' On the Moving Index, 2019, Delhi was among the cheapest cities in the world to relocate to ''

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=Road travel=
== Fastest in Delhi, Pune==
[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=On-road-travel-fastest-in-Delhi-Pune-01012016005039 ''The Times of India''] Jan 01 2016

With an average on-road speed of 23 km per hour, Delhi and Pune are among he fastest in terms of average vehicular movement among he top seven cities in India, says a study.

According to data collected by cab aggregator Ola, Kolkata and Bengaluru were among the slowest with average speeds of 7kmhr and 18 kmhr, respectively.Chennai, Mumbai and Hyderabad had average speeds of 1, 20 and 19 kmhr, respectively according to data collected over he last six months.
==Road fatalities==
===City-wise: 2015===
[[File: Road fatalities, city-wise, 2015.jpg|Road fatalities, city-wise: 2015; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Gallery.aspx?id=18_06_2016_008_053_007&type=P&artUrl=Delhi-leads-big-cities-in-road-deaths-18062016008053&eid=31808 ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

See graphic, 'Road fatalities, city-wise: 2015'

==Road safety==

[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/miscellaneous/mumbai-top-for-pedestrian-rights-delhi-best-for-connectivity-marutis-road-safety-index/articleshow/57738531.cms  Mumbai top for pedestrian rights, Delhi best for connectivity: Maruti's road safety index, Mar 20, 2017: The Times of India]


Country's largest carmaker Maruti Suzuki India released a road safety index, covering eight cities including the national capital and Mumbai.

The index, compiled across several categories on the basis of citizen views and ground level surveys, rates cities across the country on road safety on various parameters like road lighting, maintenance and infrastructure.

The names of winner cities were announced by Union Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari.
While Mumbai featured on top for pedestrian rights, Delhi scored maximum for its connectivity, road quality and road infrastructure.

As per the index, Bengaluru topped in road safety while Ahmedabad scored high on road cleanliness.

"Road safety is increasingly becoming a matter of national importance. As a leader in automobile industry we are working on inculcating safe driving habits among people through various training initiatives," MSI Executive Director Marketing & Sales RS Kalsi said.
This initiative of city-wise road safety index further strengthens the company's mission for safer roads, he added.

The objective of the report is to lay down parameters which can become guidelines for government institutions, NGOs and to improve road safety, Kalsi said.
Other cities covered under the index include Pune, Kolkata and Hyderabad

==2018: the best, cleanest, safest==
[[File: Indian cities with the best, cleanest and safest roads in 2018.jpg|Indian cities with the best, cleanest and safest roads in 2018 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2018%2F02%2F09&entity=Ad02900&sk=C8DC5908&mode=image  February 9, 2018: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

'''See graphic''':

''Indian cities with the best, cleanest and safest roads in 2018''

=Safety=
==2021: Delhi, Mumbai in EIU’s 60 safe cities list==
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL/2021/08/27&entity=Ar01610&sk=9755DCBF&mode=text  Bella Jaisinghani, August 27, 2021: ''The Times of India'']

Two Indian cities — New Delhi and Mumbai — figure on the Safe City Index issued by the Economist Intelligence Unit, the research and analysis division of The Economist Group. The report ranks Mumbai 50 out of 60 cities surveyed. Copenhagen in Denmark crowns the list.

Safe Cities Index 2021 report ranks 60 cities across 76 indicators covering digital, health, infrastructure, personal and environmental security.

Delhi ranks 41 according to the index. Mumbai fares worse than New Delhi on the personal security quotient. Mumbai earns 48.2 points out of 100 in the category. It ranks higher than Dhaka and Karachi.

Overall, Mumbai ranks 50 with a score of 54.4 out of 100. On the digital security front, the city ranks 53 with 45.4 points. In terms of health security during the Covid pandemic, Mumbai is at 44 with 60.8 points. On infrastructure security, the city comes in at 48 with 57.3 points.

Cyber security expert Ritesh Bhatia analysed the findings and said, “The cybersecurity maturity of private and public organisations, as well as their preparedness, is decent in Mumbai. However, what we lack is the digital awareness of threats for which public-private partnership is essential.”



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=Science=
==2017==
China had 23 cities in the Top 200, vs. India’s five. No other South Asian city figured in the World’s Top 200.

[https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2018-science-cities/tables/overall   ''Nature index'']

The top 200 science cities and metro areas (MA), ranked by fractional count (FC) in 2017. Also listed are each city’s total number of articles (AC) in 2017, contribution to their country or region’s total FC, and percentage of papers co-authored with researchers elsewhere.




{| id="simpleTable" border="1"
! Rank
! City / Metropolitan Area
! Country / Region
! FC 2017
! AC 2017
! Share of<br />country/region<br />FC (%)
! Externally<br />collaborative<br />AC (%)
|-
| 1
| Beijing
| China
| 2,142.53
| 4,396
| 23.5%
| 80.3%
|-
| 2
| New York MA
| United States of America (USA)
| 1,980.45
| 4,383
| 10.1%
| 81.4%
|-
| 3
| Boston - Cambridge - Newton
| United States of America (USA)
| 1,808.78
| 3,917
| 9.2%
| 81.3%
|-
| 4
| San Francisco - San Jose
| United States of America (USA)
| 1,676.35
| 3,639
| 8.5%
| 80.6%
|-
| 5
| Baltimore - Washington
| United States of America (USA)
| 1,295.67
| 3,342
| 6.6%
| 84.9%
|-
| 6
| Tokyo MA
| Japan
| 1,194.00
| 2,601
| 39.1%
| 79.0%
|-
| 7
| Shanghai
| China
| 1,041.04
| 2,178
| 11.4%
| 80.5%
|-
| 8
| Paris MA
| France
| 938.59
| 2,469
| 42.9%
| 88.2%
|-
| 9
| Los Angeles - Long Beach - Anaheim
| United States of America (USA)
| 847.70
| 2,072
| 4.3%
| 83.7%
|-
| 10
| Chicago - Naperville - Elgin
| United States of America (USA)
| 759.71
| 1,852
| 3.9%
| 83.0%
|-
| 11
| Seoul MA
| South Korea
| 725.04
| 1,434
| 56.4%
| 76.0%
|-
| 12
| Nanjing
| China
| 704.03
| 1,476
| 7.7%
| 80.4%
|-
| 13
| Kyoto - Osaka - Kobe (Keihanshin)
| Japan
| 680.32
| 1,423
| 22.3%
| 78.7%
|-
| 14
| London MA
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 672.98
| 1,970
| 18.5%
| 89.9%
|-
| 15
| Singapore
| Singapore
| 595.58
| 1,120
| 100.0%*
| 76.8%
|-
| 16
| San Diego - Carlsbad
| United States of America (USA)
| 570.71
| 1,326
| 2.9%
| 82.7%
|-
| 17
| Cambridge
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 560.68
| 1,451
| 15.5%
| 86.8%
|-
| 18
| ZÃ¼rich
| Switzerland
| 546.95
| 1,305
| 41.0%
| 83.1%
|-
| 19
| Wuhan
| China
| 490.54
| 1,019
| 5.4%
| 81.1%
|-
| 20
| Berlin MA
| Germany
| 481.56
| 1,267
| 11.0%
| 87.5%
|-
| 21
| Philadelphia MA
| United States of America (USA)
| 472.90
| 1,103
| 2.4%
| 81.6%
|-
| 22
| Munich
| Germany
| 467.44
| 1,291
| 10.7%
| 86.8%
|-
| 23
| Oxford
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 412.84
| 1,162
| 11.4%
| 87.9%
|-
| 24
| Houston MA
| United States of America (USA)
| 405.90
| 1,046
| 2.1%
| 86.3%
|-
| 25
| Guangzhou
| China
| 386.64
| 872
| 4.2%
| 82.8%
|-
| 26
| Hong Kong
| China
| 355.92
| 815
| 3.9%
| 82.2%
|-
| 27
| Hefei
| China
| 353.01
| 799
| 3.9%
| 84.7%
|-
| 28
| Atlanta - Athens
| United States of America (USA)
| 352.79
| 835
| 1.8%
| 83.7%
|-
| 29
| Seattle - Tacoma - Bellevue
| United States of America (USA)
| 339.73
| 908
| 1.7%
| 84.5%
|-
| 30
| Ann Arbor
| United States of America (USA)
| 334.85
| 830
| 1.7%
| 82.8%
|-
| 31
| Melbourne
| Australia
| 334.23
| 900
| 31.4%
| 88.6%
|-
| 32
| Toronto MA
| Canada
| 322.99
| 809
| 20.9%
| 82.6%
|-
| 33
| Hangzhou
| China
| 305.03
| 656
| 3.3%
| 81.9%
|-
| 34
| Barcelona MA
| Spain
| 291.49
| 878
| 26.8%
| 91.1%
|-
| 35
| Tianjin
| China
| 282.51
| 652
| 3.1%
| 76.5%
|-
| 36
| Boulder
| United States of America (USA)
| 280.36
| 791
| 1.4%
| 90.6%
|-
| 37
| Lausanne
| Switzerland
| 270.84
| 724
| 20.3%
| 86.3%
|-
| 38
| Madrid
| Spain
| 269.95
| 912
| 24.8%
| 90.2%
|-
| 39
| Montreal MA
| Canada
| 269.80
| 673
| 17.5%
| 82.5%
|-
| 40
| Austin
| United States of America (USA)
| 267.11
| 608
| 1.4%
| 80.4%
|-
| 41
| Madison
| United States of America (USA)
| 264.91
| 674
| 1.3%
| 81.3%
|-
| 42
| Changchun
| China
| 259.25
| 474
| 2.8%
| 80.6%
|-
| 43
| Dallas - Fort Worth
| United States of America (USA)
| 246.36
| 561
| 1.3%
| 79.3%
|-
| 44
| Sydney
| Australia
| 243.54
| 737
| 22.9%
| 89.3%
|-
| 45
| Copenhagen
| Denmark
| 239.68
| 721
| 67.7%
| 89.0%
|-
| 46
| Stockholm
| Sweden
| 238.31
| 830
| 39.9%
| 92.9%
|-
| 47
| Pittsburgh
| United States of America (USA)
| 236.53
| 658
| 1.2%
| 84.8%
|-
| 48
| Vienna
| Austria
| 231.15
| 631
| 62.5%
| 88.0%
|-
| 49
| Chapel Hill
| United States of America (USA)
| 225.16
| 498
| 1.1%
| 80.3%
|-
| 50
| St. Louis
| United States of America (USA)
| 222.03
| 469
| 1.1%
| 78.5%
|-
| 51
| Xiâ€™an
| China
| 221.25
| 456
| 2.4%
| 80.5%
|-
| 52
| Heidelberg
| Germany
| 219.18
| 744
| 5.0%
| 91.5%
|-
| 53
| Dresden
| Germany
| 216.55
| 614
| 4.9%
| 89.7%
|-
| 54
| Urbana
| United States of America (USA)
| 216.12
| 505
| 1.1%
| 80.6%
|-
| 55
| Daejeon
| South Korea
| 213.96
| 514
| 16.6%
| 82.9%
|-
| 56
| Grenoble
| France
| 213.83
| 741
| 9.8%
| 94.2%
|-
| 57
| Tsukuba
| Japan
| 209.30
| 723
| 6.8%
| 91.8%
|-
| 58
| Nagoya MA
| Japan
| 207.18
| 597
| 6.8%
| 87.1%
|-
| 59
| Santa Barbara
| United States of America (USA)
| 198.89
| 490
| 1.0%
| 82.2%
|-
| 60
| Ithaca
| United States of America (USA)
| 198.29
| 558
| 1.0%
| 85.7%
|-
| 61
| Edinburgh
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 197.31
| 627
| 5.4%
| 89.3%
|-
| 62
| Suzhou
| China
| 196.76
| 401
| 2.2%
| 79.3%
|-
| 63
| Minneapolis - Saint Paul
| United States of America (USA)
| 196.51
| 535
| 1.0%
| 82.4%
|-
| 64
| State College
| United States of America (USA)
| 189.85
| 443
| 1.0%
| 81.5%
|-
| 65
| Shenzhen
| China
| 189.41
| 640
| 2.1%
| 90.2%
|-
| 66
| Taipei
| Taiwan
| 188.67
| 580
| 44.8%
| 89.0%
|-
| 67
| Moscow
| Russia
| 188.27
| 773
| 46.3%
| 92.0%
|-
| 68
| Xiamen
| China
| 187.86
| 345
| 2.1%
| 76.5%
|-
| 69
| Bristol MA
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 186.12
| 558
| 5.1%
| 88.2%
|-
| 70
| Durham
| United States of America (USA)
| 185.69
| 507
| 0.9%
| 85.8%
|-
| 71
| Chengdu
| China
| 183.46
| 414
| 2.0%
| 81.9%
|-
| 72
| Manchester
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 182.20
| 563
| 5.0%
| 86.5%
|-
| 73
| Amsterdam MA
| Netherlands
| 179.17
| 685
| 19.9%
| 93.7%
|-
| 74
| GenÃ¨ve
| Switzerland
| 176.21
| 726
| 13.2%
| 93.9%
|-
| 75
| Reáº–ovot
| Israel
| 175.22
| 412
| 30.2%
| 81.3%
|-
| 76
| Vancouver MA
| Canada
| 170.88
| 465
| 11.1%
| 82.6%
|-
| 77
| GÃ¶ttingen
| Germany
| 168.53
| 435
| 3.8%
| 82.5%
|-
| 78
| Milan
| Italy
| 167.01
| 685
| 16.3%
| 94.7%
|-
| 79
| Irvine
| United States of America (USA)
| 163.65
| 439
| 0.8%
| 83.6%
|-
| 80
| Changsha
| China
| 162.05
| 344
| 1.8%
| 82.3%
|-
| 81
| Jinan
| China
| 161.81
| 362
| 1.8%
| 77.3%
|-
| 82
| Basel
| Switzerland
| 159.62
| 383
| 12.0%
| 82.2%
|-
| 83
| Hamburg
| Germany
| 155.19
| 556
| 3.5%
| 93.0%
|-
| 84
| Brisbane
| Australia
| 154.79
| 431
| 14.6%
| 90.5%
|-
| 85
| Mainz
| Germany
| 152.94
| 453
| 3.5%
| 88.5%
|-
| 86
| Leuven
| Belgium
| 152.30
| 447
| 38.4%
| 90.8%
|-
| 87
| Rome
| Italy
| 150.39
| 715
| 14.7%
| 96.2%
|-
| 88
| College Station
| United States of America (USA)
| 150.29
| 413
| 0.8%
| 84.0%
|-
| 89
| West Lafayette
| United States of America (USA)
| 147.67
| 390
| 0.8%
| 83.1%
|-
| 90
| Sendai
| Japan
| 147.52
| 383
| 4.8%
| 86.4%
|-
| 91
| Lanzhou
| China
| 147.08
| 286
| 1.6%
| 77.3%
|-
| 92
| Davis
| United States of America (USA)
| 146.10
| 462
| 0.7%
| 91.3%
|-
| 93
| Bengaluru
| India
| 145.48
| 298
| 15.2%
| 71.5%
|-
| 94
| Dalian
| China
| 142.69
| 276
| 1.6%
| 85.5%
|-
| 95
| Birmingham - Coventry
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 138.63
| 519
| 3.8%
| 90.6%
|-
| 96
| Salt Lake City
| United States of America (USA)
| 137.79
| 308
| 0.7%
| 81.2%
|-
| 97
| Utrecht
| Netherlands
| 136.88
| 449
| 15.2%
| 92.4%
|-
| 98
| Chongqing
| China
| 131.47
| 270
| 1.4%
| 73.3%
|-
| 99
| Columbus
| United States of America (USA)
| 130.41
| 461
| 0.7%
| 88.5%
|-
| 100
| Fuzhou
| China
| 128.28
| 240
| 1.4%
| 73.8%
|-
| 101
| Toulouse
| France
| 127.52
| 375
| 5.8%
| 90.7%
|-
| 102
| Jerusalem
| Israel
| 125.71
| 279
| 21.7%
| 79.9%
|-
| 103
| Waterloo
| Canada
| 125.42
| 255
| 8.1%
| 78.8%
|-
| 104
| Tel Aviv
| Israel
| 123.52
| 358
| 21.3%
| 85.8%
|-
| 105
| Lyon
| France
| 123.49
| 505
| 5.6%
| 93.1%
|-
| 106
| WÃ¼rzburg
| Germany
| 122.92
| 307
| 2.8%
| 87.0%
|-
| 107
| MÃ¼nster
| Germany
| 122.51
| 268
| 2.8%
| 76.1%
|-
| 108
| Jeddah
| Saudi Arabia
| 122.45
| 363
| 88.5%
| 87.3%
|-
| 109
| Glasgow
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 121.26
| 432
| 3.3%
| 90.0%
|-
| 110
| Oak Ridge
| United States of America (USA)
| 120.94
| 394
| 0.6%
| 96.2%
|-
| 111
| Nashville
| United States of America (USA)
| 120.07
| 381
| 0.6%
| 87.1%
|-
| 112
| Denver - Aurora - Lakewood
| United States of America (USA)
| 117.65
| 318
| 0.6%
| 86.8%
|-
| 113
| Helsinki
| Finland
| 116.81
| 438
| 60.8%
| 93.8%
|-
| 114
| Prague
| Czech Republic
| 116.67
| 457
| 61.2%
| 91.0%
|-
| 115
| Strasbourg
| France
| 115.45
| 393
| 5.3%
| 92.6%
|-
| 116
| Sapporo
| Japan
| 112.44
| 264
| 3.7%
| 82.6%
|-
| 117
| Miami MA
| United States of America (USA)
| 112.11
| 347
| 0.6%
| 87.9%
|-
| 118
| Groningen
| Netherlands
| 111.05
| 326
| 12.3%
| 85.9%
|-
| 119
| Hsinchu
| Taiwan
| 110.30
| 328
| 26.2%
| 86.0%
|-
| 120
| Gainesville
| United States of America (USA)
| 109.94
| 360
| 0.6%
| 88.9%
|-
| 121
| Kolkata MA
| India
| 109.93
| 284
| 11.5%
| 75.7%
|-
| 122
| Uppsala
| Sweden
| 109.73
| 395
| 18.4%
| 90.1%
|-
| 123
| Karlsruhe
| Germany
| 109.67
| 354
| 2.5%
| 94.1%
|-
| 124
| Fukuoka - Kitakyushu
| Japan
| 107.41
| 321
| 3.5%
| 88.5%
|-
| 125
| Phoenix - Mesa - Scottsdale
| United States of America (USA)
| 106.59
| 299
| 0.5%
| 90.0%
|-
| 126
| Freiburg
| Germany
| 104.62
| 317
| 2.4%
| 90.2%
|-
| 127
| Riverside
| United States of America (USA)
| 103.21
| 288
| 0.5%
| 83.0%
|-
| 128
| Mumbai MA
| India
| 102.55
| 306
| 10.7%
| 79.4%
|-
| 129
| Edmonton
| Canada
| 102.25
| 279
| 6.6%
| 81.4%
|-
| 130
| Qingdao
| China
| 101.75
| 238
| 1.1%
| 83.6%
|-
| 131
| Cleveland
| United States of America (USA)
| 101.50
| 224
| 0.5%
| 82.6%
|-
| 132
| Frankfurt am Main
| Germany
| 101.46
| 287
| 2.3%
| 86.4%
|-
| 133
| Ottawa
| Canada
| 101.26
| 313
| 6.6%
| 89.1%
|-
| 134
| Harbin
| China
| 100.83
| 207
| 1.1%
| 79.2%
|-
| 135
| Canberra
| Australia
| 99.88
| 296
| 9.4%
| 90.9%
|-
| 136
| Pohang
| South Korea
| 98.93
| 213
| 7.7%
| 83.1%
|-
| 137
| Richland
| United States of America (USA)
| 97.68
| 223
| 0.5%
| 84.3%
|-
| 138
| Erlangen
| Germany
| 97.62
| 241
| 2.2%
| 85.9%
|-
| 139
| Tucson
| United States of America (USA)
| 96.55
| 351
| 0.5%
| 90.6%
|-
| 140
| Amherst
| United States of America (USA)
| 96.39
| 277
| 0.5%
| 85.6%
|-
| 141
| Ulsan
| South Korea
| 95.17
| 178
| 7.4%
| 78.1%
|-
| 142
| Bonn
| Germany
| 94.76
| 373
| 2.2%
| 93.8%
|-
| 143
| Aachen
| Germany
| 94.31
| 340
| 2.1%
| 88.2%
|-
| 144
| Stuttgart
| Germany
| 93.78
| 223
| 2.1%
| 87.9%
|-
| 145
| Central National Capital Region (Delhi)
| India
| 93.51
| 290
| 9.8%
| 69.3%
|-
| 146
| Marseille
| France
| 93.50
| 377
| 4.3%
| 93.6%
|-
| 147
| TÃ¼bingen
| Germany
| 92.56
| 247
| 2.1%
| 84.2%
|-
| 148
| Oslo
| Norway
| 92.38
| 377
| 49.1%
| 95.8%
|-
| 149
| Raleigh
| United States of America (USA)
| 90.02
| 223
| 0.5%
| 83.4%
|-
| 150
| Leipzig
| Germany
| 89.89
| 224
| 2.0%
| 83.5%
|-
| 151
| Haifa
| Israel
| 89.26
| 263
| 15.4%
| 85.9%
|-
| 152
| Southampton
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 88.68
| 323
| 2.4%
| 92.0%
|-
| 153
| Montpellier
| France
| 88.59
| 261
| 4.0%
| 94.3%
|-
| 154
| Los Alamos
| United States of America (USA)
| 88.33
| 257
| 0.4%
| 92.2%
|-
| 155
| Dublin
| Ireland
| 88.17
| 368
| 71.3%
| 92.4%
|-
| 156
| Warsaw
| Poland
| 85.08
| 387
| 39.1%
| 91.5%
|-
| 157
| Trieste
| Italy
| 84.99
| 396
| 8.3%
| 93.9%
|-
| 158
| Rochester
| United States of America (USA)
| 84.39
| 308
| 0.4%
| 88.6%
|-
| 159
| Lund
| Sweden
| 84.12
| 299
| 14.1%
| 89.6%
|-
| 160
| Albuquerque
| United States of America (USA)
| 84.01
| 280
| 0.4%
| 89.6%
|-
| 161
| Durham
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 83.44
| 215
| 2.3%
| 85.6%
|-
| 162
| Leiden
| Netherlands
| 83.20
| 262
| 9.2%
| 90.1%
|-
| 163
| SÃ£o Paulo
| Brazil
| 83.11
| 392
| 32.1%
| 91.6%
|-
| 164
| Providence
| United States of America (USA)
| 82.65
| 256
| 0.4%
| 86.7%
|-
| 165
| Nijmegen
| Netherlands
| 82.48
| 290
| 9.2%
| 91.0%
|-
| 166
| Charlottesville
| United States of America (USA)
| 81.83
| 285
| 0.4%
| 87.7%
|-
| 167
| East Lansing
| United States of America (USA)
| 81.21
| 282
| 0.4%
| 91.1%
|-
| 168
| Brussels
| Belgium
| 80.24
| 332
| 20.2%
| 94.9%
|-
| 169
| Pune MA
| India
| 79.99
| 219
| 8.4%
| 75.8%
|-
| 170
| Fort Collins
| United States of America (USA)
| 79.54
| 208
| 0.4%
| 86.1%
|-
| 171
| Tallahassee
| United States of America (USA)
| 78.85
| 290
| 0.4%
| 89.7%
|-
| 172
| Delft
| Netherlands
| 78.36
| 199
| 8.7%
| 86.9%
|-
| 173
| Perth
| Australia
| 77.30
| 268
| 7.3%
| 92.5%
|-
| 174
| Aarhus
| Denmark
| 76.98
| 225
| 21.8%
| 88.9%
|-
| 175
| Leeds
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 75.01
| 248
| 2.1%
| 93.1%
|-
| 176
| JÃ¼lich
| Germany
| 74.48
| 212
| 1.7%
| 92.0%
|-
| 177
| Valencia
| Spain
| 73.95
| 298
| 6.8%
| 92.6%
|-
| 178
| Eindhoven
| Netherlands
| 73.57
| 148
| 8.2%
| 78.4%
|-
| 179
| Lisbon
| Portugal
| 72.35
| 350
| 54.4%
| 93.7%
|-
| 180
| KÃ¶ln
| Germany
| 72.25
| 246
| 1.6%
| 95.9%
|-
| 181
| Gent
| Belgium
| 72.09
| 293
| 18.2%
| 95.6%
|-
| 182
| Iowa City
| United States of America (USA)
| 71.34
| 327
| 0.4%
| 91.4%
|-
| 183
| Jena
| Germany
| 69.65
| 191
| 1.6%
| 83.2%
|-
| 184
| Bloomington
| United States of America (USA)
| 69.38
| 220
| 0.4%
| 85.0%
|-
| 185
| Portland
| United States of America (USA)
| 69.35
| 203
| 0.4%
| 88.7%
|-
| 186
| Blacksburg
| United States of America (USA)
| 69.27
| 160
| 0.4%
| 79.4%
|-
| 187
| Santa Cruz
| United States of America (USA)
| 69.19
| 269
| 0.4%
| 93.3%
|-
| 188
| GÃ¶teborg
| Sweden
| 67.64
| 212
| 11.3%
| 92.0%
|-
| 189
| Nottingham
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 67.19
| 189
| 1.9%
| 85.2%
|-
| 190
| Ames
| United States of America (USA)
| 67.17
| 215
| 0.3%
| 86.0%
|-
| 191
| Sheffield
| United Kingdom (UK)
| 66.15
| 261
| 1.8%
| 92.7%
|-
| 192
| Cincinnati
| United States of America (USA)
| 65.47
| 234
| 0.3%
| 92.3%
|-
| 193
| Notre Dame
| United States of America (USA)
| 65.18
| 208
| 0.3%
| 86.5%
|-
| 194
| Bern
| Switzerland
| 65.08
| 314
| 4.9%
| 94.9%
|-
| 195
| Regensburg
| Germany
| 63.73
| 145
| 1.5%
| 82.1%
|-
| 196
| Naples
| Italy
| 63.03
| 367
| 6.2%
| 95.6%
|-
| 197
| Dortmund
| Germany
| 62.91
| 238
| 1.4%
| 88.2%
|-
| 198
| Donostia / San SebastiÃ¡n
| Spain
| 61.66
| 180
| 5.7%
| 96.7%
|-
| 199
| Lincoln
| United States of America (USA)
| 61.19
| 200
| 0.3%
| 88.0%
|-
| 200
| Worcester
| United States of America (USA)
| 59.91
| 144
| 0.3%
| 84.7%
|}

==2018==
The best city for science in India is Bengaluru which, along with Kolkata, is the only Indian city in the top 100 in the world, according to the latest rankings of Nature magazine. Bengaluru dropped four places from 93 to 97, while Kolkata improved from 121 to 99.

Bengaluru dropped four places from 93 to 97. Kolkata came next, improving its position from 121 to 99. Mumbai went down four places, from 128 to 132, Delhi-NCR took a huge step down from 145 to 163 and Pune, which had figured at the169th place last time, did not make it to the top 200 this time.


=Shopping experience=
==2022==
[[File: The best shopping high streets of India presumably as in 2022.jpg|The best shopping high streets of India presumably as in 2022 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=13_06_2023_019_025_cap_TOI   May 13, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

'''See graphic''':

'' The best shopping high streets of India presumably as in 2022 ''

[[Category:Crime|CCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE
]]
[[Category:Development|CCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE
]]
[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources|CCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE
]]
[[Category:India|CCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE
]]
[[Category:Pages with broken file links|CITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE 
]]
[[Category:Places|CCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE WORSTCITIES OF INDIA: THE BEST AND THE
]]

=Surveillance=
== Delhi has most CCTVs per sq mile in world==
[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL/2021/08/27&entity=Ar00517&sk=51BFDCDE&mode=text  AlokKN Mishra, August 27, 2021: ''The Times of India'']

Delhi has beaten cities like London, Shanghai, Singapore, New York and Beijing with the maximum number of CCTV cameras per square mile.

The capital has 1,826.6 cameras per square mile compared to the city in the second spot, London, which has1,138.5 cameras, according to data collated by Comparitech, a firm of researchers in cyber security, and published by Forbes India. Chennai is at the third spot with 609.9 and Mumbai at 18th with 157.4. Comparitech said the data “focused primarily on public CCTVs — cameras used by government entities such as law-enforcement”. However, it added there was “little correlation between the number of public CCTV cameras and crime or safety”. CM Arvind Kejriwal said it was a moment of pride for the city, which had emerged on the top among 150 cities.

''' CM compliments officers '''

The AAP government says that despite obstacles put in their path by the LG, they had ensured that maximum number of cameras were installed to boost women’s safety.
“My compliments to the Delhi government officers and engineers who worked on the project like a mission and achieved the feat in such a short time,” tweeted Kejriwal. It was AAP’s poll promise to provide CCTV cameras throughout the capital to primarily check crime.

The study estimated the number of CCTV cameras in Delhi at a little over 5.5 lakh for an area of 302 square miles, which suggests that it excluded the farmlands of the national capital territory, which has a total area of 573 square miles.

The Delhi government said it has installed 2.75 lakh cameras while 1.4 lakh are in the process of being installed. The rest of the cameras have been installed by Delhi Police, New Delhi Municipal Council, private agencies and citizens.
Other Indian cities that rank among the most surveilled cities in the world in terms of cameras per square mile are Chennai, which is at the third spot with 609.92 and Mumbai at the18th position with157.43. Five of the top10 on the list are Chinese cities — Shenzhen, Wuxi, Qingdao, Shanghai, Changhsha and Wuhan — the others being Delhi, London and Singapore.

Going by cameras per 1,000 population, Chinese cities once again dominate the top 20, accounting for 16 of the slots, but Indore is at a surprising No.4, Hyderabad at No.12 and Delhi at No.16. London in the third spot is the only city not in China or India among the top 20.

“No other Indian city is even close to Delhi, which has three times the CCTVs than Chennai and 11 times that of Mumbai per square mile. Despite continuous roadblocks by the central government, the Kejriwal government did not deter in enhancing women’s safety in Delhi and the CM with MLAs even sat on a dharna in 2018 at the LG House in order to pave the way for the CCTV project,” said the Delhi government in a statement.

The AAP government had given in-principle approval for the project in October 2015. The project had led to several flashpoints between the elected government and the LG over the proposed regulatory framework to guide their installation. PWD took up the process of acquiring and installing 2.75 lakh CCTVs in phase one of the project. In the next phase,1.4 lakh CCTVs are being installed.
“The project of installing CCTVs in Delhi exemplifies Swaraj; RWAs were involved in surveying the locations where the CCTVs should be put up, and not just gated colonies but all localities of Delhi, including slums, were covered by the project,” said the state government.

The government said that all CCTV feeds are highly secure with the hardware monitored by the community and the feeds accessible only to authorised users.

===Indian cities vis-à-vis the world ===
[[File: Surveillance in Indian cities vis-à-vis the world, 2021.jpg|Surveillance in Indian cities vis-à-vis the world, 2021 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL/2021/09/24&entity=Ar02307&sk=A4FDAAB3&mode=image  Sep 24, 2021: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

'''See graphic''':

'' Surveillance in Indian cities vis-à-vis the world, 2021 ''



=Technology professionals=
==Inflow and outflow, 2019==
[[File: Inflow and outflow of Technology professionals to and from major Indian cities, 2019.jpg| Inflow and outflow of Technology professionals to and from major Indian cities, 2019 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2020%2F02%2F18&entity=Ar02003&sk=1DFB5510&mode=text  Swati Rathor & Habeeba Salim, February 18, 2020: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

'''See graphic''':

'' Inflow and outflow of Technology professionals to and from major Indian cities, 2019 ''

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= Women=
==Best and worst cities for women==
[[File: woman(1).jpg|Source- NCRB, Rate- Incidents per lakh population|frame|500px]] 

December 11, 2014

[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=STATOISTICS-SIN-CITIES-11122014009035''The Times of India'']

Two years after the Nirbhaya case, the recent incidents have again put a question mark on Delhi's record in ensuring safety for women. NCRB data on violent sexual offences (rape and assault on women) suggests that the national capital is among the worst cities in the country. Among 53 large cities, the rate of these crimes (the number per lakh population) was 73.9 for Gwalior and 59.5 for Delhi -the two cities ranking first and second in the hall of shame. Five of the ten most dangerous cities on this count are in Madhya Pradesh. The data also shows that Coimbatore, Chennai, Dhanbad, Rajkot and Madurai are among the safest cities for women.


== 2013-14: safest Indian cities==

''' Mumbai loses safest city tag, slides to 4th rank: Survey ''' 

TNN | Mar 6, 2014

[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbai-loses-safest-city-tag-slides-to-4th-rank-Survey/articleshow/31498625.cms The Times of India]

MUMBAI: With rising incidents of crimes against women in Mumbai, the metropolis has lost the top slot as the place perceived to be most secure for women.

An online survey done by a travel portal put Ahmedabad on the top slot. "Ahmedabad garnered 86 % votes and was followed by Pune at 84 % and Bangalore at 81 %. Mumbai, which was number one in 2013, received only 72% votes," stated the survey released ahead of Women's Day by TripAdvisor. The survey mentioned that 53% said they travel alone only to destinations, which are perceived as being safe.

Of the 63% women who have not travelled alone ever, only 8% felt it was unsafe to travel alone abroad but 33% felt it was unsafe to travel alone in India. "An encouraging proportion of women in India have started to travel by themselves or in all-women groups," Nikhil Ganju, country manager, TripAdvisor India said. Despite safety being a concern, over 51% respondents were unaware that hotels in India have floors exclusively for women.


=Work-hours=
==2019==
[[File: Work-hours in Mumbai, Delhi and comparable cities, presumably as in 2019..jpg|Work-hours in Mumbai, Delhi and comparable cities, presumably as in 2019. <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2020%2F02%2F12&entity=Ar02704&sk=FAC37948&mode=image  February 12, 2020: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]

'''See graphic''':

'' Work-hours in Mumbai, Delhi and comparable cities, presumably as in 2019. ''

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=See also=
[[ Cleanliness ranks of Indian cities, districts: 2014-15 ]]

[[ Cleanliness ranks of Indian cities, districts: 2016 ]]

[[ Cleanliness ranks of Indian cities, districts: 2017 ]]

[[ Cities of India: the best and the worst ]]

[[ Cities of India: growth ]]

[[ Cities of India: issues ]]

[[ Ease of Living in Indian cities ]]

[[ Road accidents: India ]]

[[ Wages, salaries: India ]]

For ‘The educational levels of cities, 2011’, see [[Higher Education, India: 1 ]]

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