Keeladi/ Keezhadi, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan: economy, development

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This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content.<br/>
 
This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content.<br/>
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Additional information may please be sent as messages to the Facebook <br/>community, [http://www.facebook.com/Indpaedia Indpaedia.com]. All information used will be gratefully <br/>acknowledged in your name.
 
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[[Category:India |K ]]
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[[Category:India |P ]]
[[Category:Places |K ]]
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[[Category:Pakistan |I ]]
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[[Category:Economy-Industry-Resources |P ]]
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[[Category:Development |P ]]
  
=Historical legacy=
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=An overview=
==Artefacts excavated==
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==1960-2015, 2020==  
[[File: Treasure unearthed, Some of the antiquities found at Keezhadi in Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu.jpg|Treasure unearthed: Some of the antiquities found at Keezhadi in Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu.; Picture courtesy: [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/why-not-move-keezhadi-artefacts-to-chennai-asks-hc/article9350015.ece ''The Hindu''], November 16, 2016|frame|500px]]  
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[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-vs-pakistan-a-tale-of-two-economies/articleshow/79450051.cms  November 27, 2020: ''The Times of India'']
  
[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/why-not-move-keezhadi-artefacts-to-chennai-asks-hc/article9350015.ece ''The Hindu''], November 16, 2016
 
  
The Madras High Court Bench asked the Archaeological Survey of India to explain why the artefacts excavated from Pallichanthai Thidal of Keezhadi in the Sivaganga district should not be taken to its Chennai Circle office, instead of the Bengalaru Circle Office, for scientific cleaning, analysis and detailed documentation of the antiquities.
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[[File: India & Pakistan- Per capita GDP, 1960 to 2019.jpg|India & Pakistan: Per capita GDP, 1960 to 2019 <br/> From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-vs-pakistan-a-tale-of-two-economies/articleshow/79450051.cms  November 27, 2020: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
  
A Division Bench of Justices S. Nagamuthu and M.V. Muralidaran passed the interim order on a public interest litigation petition to prevent the ASI from taking away the artefacts to Karnataka, filed and argued in person by lawyer Kanimozhi Mathi.
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[[File: India’s GDP growth, 2008-2019.jpg|India’s GDP growth, 2008-2019 <br/> From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-vs-pakistan-a-tale-of-two-economies/articleshow/79450051.cms  November 27, 2020: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
  
The judges also directed the Director General of ASI to consider the plea for establishing a site museum at Keezhadi and inform the decision to the court, possibly by November 24, 2016 itself.
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[[File: GDP growth of India & Pakistan, 2008 to 2019.jpg|GDP growth of India & Pakistan, 2008 to 2019 <br/> From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-vs-pakistan-a-tale-of-two-economies/articleshow/79450051.cms  November 27, 2020: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
  
The orders were passed after recording the submission of the Tamil Nadu government that it had already made a commitment to provide 72 cents of land for the establishment of a site museum, and was ready to provide even more, if required.
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[[File: GDP growth of India & Pakistan, 1960 to 2019.jpg|GDP growth of India & Pakistan, 1960 to 2019 <br/> From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-vs-pakistan-a-tale-of-two-economies/articleshow/79450051.cms  November 27, 2020: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
  
However, in his counter-affidavit, K. Amarnath Ramakrishna, Superintending Archaeologist, ASI, Excavation Branch-VI, Bengaluru, said the establishment of the site museum was a policy matter that could be taken only at the highest level.
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India vs Pakistan: A tale of two economies
  
‘National property’
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NEW DELHI: India and Pakistan — two of the biggest South Asian nations — started their economic journey around the same time after gaining Independence. Not many know that there was a point in the 1960s when Pakistan's per capita GDP used to be higher than that of India's. However, over the years, India has not only surpassed Pakistan's per capita GDP but taken a commanding lead on almost every economic front.
  
Replying to the petitioner’s contention that the artefacts reveal the existence of an ancient Tamil civilisation and thus should not be moved outside the State, Mr. Ramakrishna said: “I submit that the excavated remains at Keezhadi can better be named and referred to as ‘National Heritage’ rather than calling it the pride of the Tamil community... Any antiquity or material retrieved from archaeological excavations are national property.”
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Pakistan today is facing global criticism for failing to rein in homegrown terror groups even as it grapples with an ailing economy and mounting global debt. India, on the other hand, has become a global frontrunner which recently surpassed the UK to become the fifth largest economy in the world. The stark economic contrast between the the two neighbours shows that Pakistan's unstable government, conflicting power centres, covert support to terror groups, and involvement in global terror strikes such as the 26/11 Mumbai attacks, have bled its economy.  
  
“The objective of the exploration was to ascertain a suitable site for the systematic excavation to understand the cultural transformation of early historic Tamil Nadu,” he said.
 
  
Pointing out that the excavation work for the second season was stopped on September 30, he said the approval for the third season (2016-17) was yet to be received from the Director General’s office. Fearing for the safety of the antiquities if they were continued to be stored at the camp site at Keezhadi, he said they could be documented only if they were taken to the Bengaluru Circle Office and subjected to scientific cleaning and analysis.
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'''Here's a look at the economic performance of the two nations:'''
  
==Artefacts belong to Sangam era==
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* India is today the fastest growing trillion-dollar economy in the world and the fifth largest overall, according to data compiled by IMF's World Economic Outlook. It jumped from the 9th spot in 2010 to the 5th spot in a span of just nine years. the GDP of India is almost 10 times that of Pakistan, which is placed at the 45th position.
[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/carbon-dating-confirms-keezhadi-site-is-from-sangam-era/article19376556.ece  Dennis S. Jesudasan, Carbon dating confirms Keezhadi site is from Sangam era, July 28, 2017: The Hindu]
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* India's rise has been even more dramatic across the past couple of years. Since 2008, its GDP has risen almost 140 per cent as against an increase of about 63 per cent for Pakistan.
  
Samples sent from archaeological excavations at Keezhadi have been identified as nearly 2,200 years old
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* According to World Bank estimates, in 2019, India's GDP (current $ terms) was $2.875 trillion while that of Pakistan was $278.22 billion.
  
For several years, experts had surmised that the archaeological site at Keezhadi in Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu dates back to the Sangam era.
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* In terms of purchasing power parity, India ranks third globally with a GDP of $9.612 trillion in 2019 while Pakistan is at 24th spot with GDP of $1.058 trillion.  
  
Now, carbon dating has confirmed that two samples sent from the site are indeed nearly 2,200 years old.
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* In World Bank's ease of doing business ranking 2020, Pakistan stands at 108 position while India is placed higher at th 63rd spot.  
  
The Keezhadi dig that started in 2013 provides archaeological evidence of ancient Tamil life that has so far been known largely from texts like Sangam literature.
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* India’s post-independence journey began as an agrarian nation. However, the manufacturing and services sector have emerged strongly over the years. The service sector is the fastest-growing sector, contributing to more than 60 per cent to its economy and accounting for 28 per cent of the employment. Manufacturing remains as one of its crucial sectors and is being given due push via the governments' initiatives, such as 'Make in India'.
 
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While replying to DMK MP Kanimozhi in the Rajya Sabha on Thursday, the Union Ministry of Culture informed the Upper House that the Archaeological Survey of India had sent two carbon samples from Keezhadi for carbon dating to Beta Analytic Inc., Florida, USA.
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'''Historical calendarcol'''
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“Radio Carbon dating suggests that the samples go back to 2,160+30 years and 2,200+30 years,” stated the Ministry.
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Archaeologists found deposits up to 4.5 metres deep and the samples (of carbon elements) sent for carbon dating were from the middle part – i.e. 2 metres, says ASI’s Superintending Archaeologist K. Amarnath Ramakrishna in Guwahati who led the excavations in Keezhadi earlier.
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“We can now say for sure that the samples were from 3rd century BC,” says Mr. Ramakrishna.
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'''Major find'''
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Unlike many other archaeological sites excavated in Tamil Nadu, Keezhadi is a major habitation site.
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“The last time habitation sites were excavated in Tamil Nadu was at Arikamedu. We zeroed in on Keezhadi after studying both banks of Vaigai river through its entire stretch from Western Ghats till the point it reaches the Bay of Bengal,” he says.
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A total of 72 potsherds with Tamil Brahmi script were found at Keezhadi which had several Tamil names.
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“Iyanan, Uthiran, Vendhan, Santhanavathi and Saathan were some of the Tamil names found,” he says. When asked whether the Archaeological Survey of India was planning to set up any museum at Keezhadi, Superintending Archaeologist of Chennai Circle A.M.V. Subramanyam said such policy decisions have to be taken at New Delhi.
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Revision as of 06:03, 30 November 2020

This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content.
Additional information may please be sent as messages to the Facebook
community, Indpaedia.com. All information used will be gratefully
acknowledged in your name.

An overview

1960-2015, 2020

November 27, 2020: The Times of India


India & Pakistan: Per capita GDP, 1960 to 2019
From: November 27, 2020: The Times of India
India’s GDP growth, 2008-2019
From: November 27, 2020: The Times of India
GDP growth of India & Pakistan, 2008 to 2019
From: November 27, 2020: The Times of India
GDP growth of India & Pakistan, 1960 to 2019
From: November 27, 2020: The Times of India

India vs Pakistan: A tale of two economies

NEW DELHI: India and Pakistan — two of the biggest South Asian nations — started their economic journey around the same time after gaining Independence. Not many know that there was a point in the 1960s when Pakistan's per capita GDP used to be higher than that of India's. However, over the years, India has not only surpassed Pakistan's per capita GDP but taken a commanding lead on almost every economic front.

Pakistan today is facing global criticism for failing to rein in homegrown terror groups even as it grapples with an ailing economy and mounting global debt. India, on the other hand, has become a global frontrunner which recently surpassed the UK to become the fifth largest economy in the world. The stark economic contrast between the the two neighbours shows that Pakistan's unstable government, conflicting power centres, covert support to terror groups, and involvement in global terror strikes such as the 26/11 Mumbai attacks, have bled its economy.


Here's a look at the economic performance of the two nations:

  • India is today the fastest growing trillion-dollar economy in the world and the fifth largest overall, according to data compiled by IMF's World Economic Outlook. It jumped from the 9th spot in 2010 to the 5th spot in a span of just nine years. the GDP of India is almost 10 times that of Pakistan, which is placed at the 45th position.
  • India's rise has been even more dramatic across the past couple of years. Since 2008, its GDP has risen almost 140 per cent as against an increase of about 63 per cent for Pakistan.
  • According to World Bank estimates, in 2019, India's GDP (current $ terms) was $2.875 trillion while that of Pakistan was $278.22 billion.
  • In terms of purchasing power parity, India ranks third globally with a GDP of $9.612 trillion in 2019 while Pakistan is at 24th spot with GDP of $1.058 trillion.
  • In World Bank's ease of doing business ranking 2020, Pakistan stands at 108 position while India is placed higher at th 63rd spot.
  • India’s post-independence journey began as an agrarian nation. However, the manufacturing and services sector have emerged strongly over the years. The service sector is the fastest-growing sector, contributing to more than 60 per cent to its economy and accounting for 28 per cent of the employment. Manufacturing remains as one of its crucial sectors and is being given due push via the governments' initiatives, such as 'Make in India'.
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