Alcohol and the Indian physique

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[[File: consumption of alcohol.jpg|Per capita consumption of alcohol per week, state-wise(All figures in ml.), Source: NSSO data 2011-12; alcohol includes toddy, country liquor, beer, foreign/refined liquor, wine; Graphic courtesy: [http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bars-in-kerala-malayali-booze-thiruvananthapuram-wines-bevco-outlets/1/430521.html ''India Today'']|frame|500px]]
 
  
 
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Dr Ambuj Roy, assistant professor of cardiology at AIIMS, told TOI, “Benefits of moderate alcohol consumption have been found among southern European populations from the Mediterranean region and Caucasians in Europe and North America. However, in Indians, it clearly causes harm just like in African Americans.”
 
Dr Ambuj Roy, assistant professor of cardiology at AIIMS, told TOI, “Benefits of moderate alcohol consumption have been found among southern European populations from the Mediterranean region and Caucasians in Europe and North America. However, in Indians, it clearly causes harm just like in African Americans.”
  
=Alcohol consumption in India=
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== No. 1 cause of liver failure==
[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=At-55-India-records-3rd-highest-increase-in-17052015001056 ''The Times of India''], May 17 2015
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[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Alcohol-now-No-1-cause-of-liver-failure-20042017007026  DurgeshNandan Jha, Alcohol now No. 1 cause of liver failure, April 20, 2017: The Times of India]
  
Sumitra DebRoy
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[[File: Cause of liver failure and reasons for mortality.jpg|Cause of liver failure and reasons for mortality; [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Alcohol-now-No-1-cause-of-liver-failure-20042017007026  DurgeshNandan Jha, Alcohol now No. 1 cause of liver failure, April 20, 2017: The Times of India]|frame|500px]]
  
''' At 55%, India records 3rd highest increase in alcohol consumption '''
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'''More People Are Dying Of It Than Hepatitis B, Reveals AIIMS Study'''
  
A global study has found that alcohol consumption in India has risen by 55% over a period of 20 years.More worryingly, youngsters are being initiated to alcohol much earlier, while more women are indulging in hazardous and binge drinking.
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There has been a sharp rise in the number of patients visiting AIIMS with alcohol-related liver failure.More alarmingly , the institute says, death rate among these patients is 64% -much higher than mortality from liver failure by hepatitis B virus, a common cause of infection in the organ in the country .
The Paris-based Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) recently published a report examining the economic and health implications of alcohol use among its 34 member and a few nonmember countries. Among a list of 40 nations, India was placed as high as third, only after the Russian Federation and Estonia, for increase in alcohol intake between 1992 and 2012. Countries that closely followed India were China, Israel and Brazil. The OECD report said heavy drinking was alarmingly on the rise among youth and women in many countries. “An increasing proportion of children experience alcohol and drunkenness at early ages. Girls have caught up with boys in the past 10 years,“ it stated.
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AIIMS admitted 150 patients with alcohol-related liver failure from 2011 to 2015. Of this, the study said, 96 died within 10 days despite all possible medical intervention.
  
The percentage of under-15 boys who haven't had alcohol went down from 44% to 30%, while for girls it decreased from 50% to 31% in the 2000s.
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Follow-up of the rest of the patients who were discharged when their condition got stable revealed that nearly 20% died within three to four months and another 20% in a year.“Once you have got acute-onchronic liver failure due to alcohol, survival is rare. Transplant, the only life-saving treatment option, is not possible immediately because three months of abstinence from alcohol is required,“ said Dr Shalimar, associate professor of gastroenterology at AIIMS.
  
The trend of heavy drinking witnessed among the young of all countries has experts worried. “It can be dangerous and have long-term effects such as habit formation or other chronic conditions,“ said hepatologist Dr Aabha Nagral, who consults with Jaslok Hospital.
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He added that medicines can treat liver infection caused by most hepatitis viruses and even autoimmune hepatitis flare-up can be controlled with medicines, but there is no medicine for alcoholism. Abstinence is the only way to prevent liver failure and deaths caused by that. The government needs to create awareness to prevent excessive drinking,“ the AIIMS doctor said.
  
Binge drinking among the youth has also been associated with increased possibilities of road accidents and disabilities in the report. Dr P C Gupta, director of Sekhsaria Institute of Public Health, quoted a WHO report which said about 30% of Indians consume alcohol, out of which 4-13% are daily consumers and up to 50% of these fall under the category of hazardous drinking.
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A recent survey published in Global Heart, a repu ted medical journal, showed alcohol use has gone up from 16.1% to 25.6% among urban dwellers in Delhi in the past 20 years. The increase in alcohol use in rural areas in the corresponding period is nearly four times -from 8% to 33.2% -the survey found.
  
The OECD researchers evaluated that drinkers from member states were downing an equivalent of over nine litres of pure alcohol per year, which further rose by a few units if home brewed and illegal stocks were taken into account.“All of this amounts to drinking over 100 bottles of wine, or 200 litres of beer, in a year,“ the report stated. Interestingly , Indians featured much lower here as average consumption of pure alcohol hovered around 2.5-3 litres annually .
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Dr Shalimar, who led a research published in Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology , said not only mortality rate, but also incidence of liver diseases due to alcohol has gone up significantly . “We admitted 427 patients with acute-onchronic liver failure from 2011 to 2015 at the hospital. Of this, a maximum 150 (40.8%) cases were alcohol-related, followed by hepatitis B virus infection (71, 19.3%), hepatitis E (45, 12.2%), autoimmune hepatitis flare-up (17, 4.6%), anti-tuberculosis drugs (16, 4.3%) and hepatitis A (2, 0.5%). In 67 patients (18.2%), the cause of acute liver failure couldn't be ascertained,“ he said.
  
The findings have set alarm bells ringing within the medical fraternity and health activists who are demanding a national policy to curb alcohol use.
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The AIIMS doctor added alcohol-related liver failure cases have poorer prognosis.“Most of them required ventilator support, their blood was thinner and brain damage was higher too,“ he added. Dr S K Sarin, director of the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), said most alcoholics are calorie-deprived. “Most infections cause leaky bowel.But in case of alcoholics, this problem is severe. Due to this, bacteria easily gets into liver from the small intestine, thus aggravating organ failure status,“ he added.
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ILBS is experimenting with several therapies, including stool transplant, plasma exchange and liver dialysis, to increase survival rates in alcohol-related liver failure, Dr Sarin said. He, however, stressed on the need to create awareness about harmful effects of binge drinking. Dr Subhash Gupta, liver transplant surgeon at Max Hospital, Saket, said liver failure due to alcoholism “is a totally preventable disaster“.
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= Safe drinking limit=
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==India vis-à-vis other countries==
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[http://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2017%2F12%2F23&entity=Ar00401&sk=499F4461&mode=text  December 23, 2017: ''The Times of India'']
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[[File: Maximum units of alcohol per week in India and other countries; Top 10 countries for per capita alcohol consumption.jpg|Maximum units of alcohol per week in India and other countries; Top 10 countries for per capita alcohol consumption <br/> From: [http://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2017%2F12%2F23&entity=Ar00401&sk=499F4461&mode=text  December 23, 2017: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
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It’s the festive season, the countdown to New Year’s, and celebrations are in order. But while you reach for that bottle of wine you may want to make a note of the prescribed drinking level for the week of partying. Turns out different countries have different levels of safe drinking prescribed by their national health bodies. In India, that’s between five to 10 glasses for women and between 10 to 15 glasses for men per week. Mind, these are just recommended drinking limits; end-of-year parties are something of a time for going over the top, so don’t be surprised if you find you’ve had a drink or two more. In any case, there’s always the New Year to make a resolution that you will drink within limits. Here, a look at drinking-level recommendations of selected countries
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=See also=
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[[Alcohol and the Indian physique]]
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 +
[[Alcohol, India: consumption, business]]
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 +
[[Alcohol, India: the legal position]]
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[[Prohibition: India]]
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[[Prohibition: Mizoram]]
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[edit] Alcohol and the Indian physique

Drinking good for you? Not if you’re an Indian

Kounteya Sinha

Times of India

New Delhi: Did you think a peg or two would do wonders for your heart? Unfortunately, not if you’re Indian. The largest-ever study to investigate the link between alcohol consumption and heart disease among Indians has made an interesting revelation — even small amounts of alcohol consumption harms Indians.

The study covering 4,400 drinkers and an almost equal number of non-drinkers in 10 cities by doctors from AIIMS, Centre for Chronic Diseases, Public Health Foundation of India and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation has challenged the much touted cardiac benefits of alcohol and warned of potential harm to Indians due to drinking.

The study categorized drinkers in three brackets —heavy drinkers (who consumed more than 28 grams per day), moderate drinkers (14-28 grams per day) and light drinkers (less than 14 grams a day. While light drinkers had a 40% greater risk of CHD compared to non-drinkers, the chances were as high as 60% among moderate drinkers and nearly 100% in heavy drinkers. One drink was equivalent to 14 grams of alcohol (equivalent to 120 ml of wine, 285 ml of beer and 30 ml of spirits).

Dr Ambuj Roy, assistant professor of cardiology at AIIMS, told TOI, “Benefits of moderate alcohol consumption have been found among southern European populations from the Mediterranean region and Caucasians in Europe and North America. However, in Indians, it clearly causes harm just like in African Americans.”

[edit] No. 1 cause of liver failure

DurgeshNandan Jha, Alcohol now No. 1 cause of liver failure, April 20, 2017: The Times of India

More People Are Dying Of It Than Hepatitis B, Reveals AIIMS Study

There has been a sharp rise in the number of patients visiting AIIMS with alcohol-related liver failure.More alarmingly , the institute says, death rate among these patients is 64% -much higher than mortality from liver failure by hepatitis B virus, a common cause of infection in the organ in the country . AIIMS admitted 150 patients with alcohol-related liver failure from 2011 to 2015. Of this, the study said, 96 died within 10 days despite all possible medical intervention.

Follow-up of the rest of the patients who were discharged when their condition got stable revealed that nearly 20% died within three to four months and another 20% in a year.“Once you have got acute-onchronic liver failure due to alcohol, survival is rare. Transplant, the only life-saving treatment option, is not possible immediately because three months of abstinence from alcohol is required,“ said Dr Shalimar, associate professor of gastroenterology at AIIMS.

He added that medicines can treat liver infection caused by most hepatitis viruses and even autoimmune hepatitis flare-up can be controlled with medicines, but there is no medicine for alcoholism. “ Abstinence is the only way to prevent liver failure and deaths caused by that. The government needs to create awareness to prevent excessive drinking,“ the AIIMS doctor said.

A recent survey published in Global Heart, a repu ted medical journal, showed alcohol use has gone up from 16.1% to 25.6% among urban dwellers in Delhi in the past 20 years. The increase in alcohol use in rural areas in the corresponding period is nearly four times -from 8% to 33.2% -the survey found.

Dr Shalimar, who led a research published in Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology , said not only mortality rate, but also incidence of liver diseases due to alcohol has gone up significantly . “We admitted 427 patients with acute-onchronic liver failure from 2011 to 2015 at the hospital. Of this, a maximum 150 (40.8%) cases were alcohol-related, followed by hepatitis B virus infection (71, 19.3%), hepatitis E (45, 12.2%), autoimmune hepatitis flare-up (17, 4.6%), anti-tuberculosis drugs (16, 4.3%) and hepatitis A (2, 0.5%). In 67 patients (18.2%), the cause of acute liver failure couldn't be ascertained,“ he said.

The AIIMS doctor added alcohol-related liver failure cases have poorer prognosis.“Most of them required ventilator support, their blood was thinner and brain damage was higher too,“ he added. Dr S K Sarin, director of the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), said most alcoholics are calorie-deprived. “Most infections cause leaky bowel.But in case of alcoholics, this problem is severe. Due to this, bacteria easily gets into liver from the small intestine, thus aggravating organ failure status,“ he added.

ILBS is experimenting with several therapies, including stool transplant, plasma exchange and liver dialysis, to increase survival rates in alcohol-related liver failure, Dr Sarin said. He, however, stressed on the need to create awareness about harmful effects of binge drinking. Dr Subhash Gupta, liver transplant surgeon at Max Hospital, Saket, said liver failure due to alcoholism “is a totally preventable disaster“.

[edit] Safe drinking limit

[edit] India vis-à-vis other countries

December 23, 2017: The Times of India

Maximum units of alcohol per week in India and other countries; Top 10 countries for per capita alcohol consumption
From: December 23, 2017: The Times of India

It’s the festive season, the countdown to New Year’s, and celebrations are in order. But while you reach for that bottle of wine you may want to make a note of the prescribed drinking level for the week of partying. Turns out different countries have different levels of safe drinking prescribed by their national health bodies. In India, that’s between five to 10 glasses for women and between 10 to 15 glasses for men per week. Mind, these are just recommended drinking limits; end-of-year parties are something of a time for going over the top, so don’t be surprised if you find you’ve had a drink or two more. In any case, there’s always the New Year to make a resolution that you will drink within limits. Here, a look at drinking-level recommendations of selected countries

[edit] See also

Alcohol and the Indian physique

Alcohol, India: consumption, business

Alcohol, India: the legal position

Prohibition: India

Prohibition: Mizoram

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