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 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%">
 +
 +
This is an extract from
 +
 +
'''FAUNAL DIVERSITY IN INDIA '''
 +
 +
Edited by
 +
 +
J. R. B. Alfred
 +
 +
A. K. Das
 +
 +
A. K. Sanyal.
 +
 +
*
 +
 +
ENVIS Centre,
 +
 +
Zoological Survey of India,
 +
 +
Calcutta.
 +
 +
1998
 +
 +
('' J. R. B. Alfred was ''
 +
 +
''Director, Zoological Survey of India'')<br/>
 +
</div>
 +
|}
 +
 +
[[Category:India | ]]
 +
[[Category:Fauna | ]]
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%">
 +
This is an extract from<br/>
 +
 +
THE <br/>
 +
TRIBES AND CASTES <br/>
 +
OF THE <br/>
 +
NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES AND OUDH. <br/>
 +
 +
BY <br/>
 +
W. CROOKE, B.A., <br/>
 +
BENGAL CIVIL SERVICE. <br/>
 +
 +
-<>- <br/>
 +
 +
CALCUTTA: <br/>
 +
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT<br/>
 +
OF <br/>
 +
GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA. <br/>
 +
1896.
 +
 +
</div>
 +
|}
 +
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[[Category:India | ]]
 +
[[Category:Places | ]]
 +
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{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%">
 +
You can help by sending ''any'' additional information/ correction (including spelling/ <br/>
 +
Romanisation mistakes) as a message to the Facebook community,  [http://www.facebook.com/Indpaedia Indpaedia.com]. <br/>
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If found correct and used, it will be gratefully acknowledged in your name. <br/>
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</div>
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|}
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[[Category:India |B ]]
 +
[[Category:Cinema-TV-Pop |B ]]
 +
 +
=Constitution=
 +
 +
=Book I =
 +
[[Category:India |R ]]
 +
[[Category:Places |R ]]
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%">
 +
This page is an extract from <br/>
 +
ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES <br/>
 +
OF <br/>
 +
'''RAJASTHAN '''<br/>
 +
 +
OR THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN <br/>
 +
RAJPUT STATES OF INDIA <br/>
 +
 +
By <br/>
 +
LIEUT.-COL. JAMES TOD <br/>
 +
Late Political Agent to the Western Rajput States <br/>
 +
 +
Edited with an Introduction and Notes by <br/>
 +
WILLIAM CROOKE, CIE. <br/>
 +
Hon. D.Sc. Oxon., B.A., F.R.A.l. <br/>
 +
Late of the Indian Civil Service <br/>
 +
 +
In Three Volumes <br/>
 +
VOL. I: GEOGRAPHY OF RAJASTHAN OR RAJPUTANA <br/>
 +
[The Annals were completed in 1829]<br/> 
 +
 +
HUMPHREY MILFORD <br/>
 +
Oxford University Press <br/>
 +
London Edinburgh Glasgow New York <br/>
 +
Toronto Melbourne Bombay <br/>
 +
1920 [The edition scanned] <br/>
 +
</div>
 +
|}
 +
Note: This article is likely to contain several spelling mistakes that occurred during scanning. If these errors are reported as messages to the Facebook page, [http://www.facebook.com/Indpaedia Indpaedia.com] your help will be gratefully acknowledged.
 +
=Book II=
 +
[[Category:India |R ]]
 +
[[Category:History |R ]]
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%">
 +
This page is an extract from <br/>
 +
ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES <br/>
 +
OF <br/>
 +
'''RAJASTHAN '''<br/>
 +
 +
OR THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN <br/>
 +
RAJPUT STATES OF INDIA <br/>
 +
 +
By <br/>
 +
LIEUT.-COL. JAMES TOD <br/>
 +
Late Political Agent to the Western Rajput States <br/>
 +
 +
Edited with an Introduction and Notes by <br/>
 +
WILLIAM CROOKE, CIE. <br/>
 +
Hon. D.Sc. Oxon., B.A., F.R.A.l. <br/>
 +
Late of the Indian Civil Service <br/>
 +
 +
In Three Volumes <br/>
 +
VOL. II: HISTORY OF THE RAJPUT TRIBES <br/>
 +
[The Annals were completed in 1829]<br/> 
 +
 +
HUMPHREY MILFORD <br/>
 +
Oxford University Press <br/>
 +
London Edinburgh Glasgow New York <br/>
 +
Toronto Melbourne Bombay <br/>
 +
1920 [The edition scanned] <br/>
 +
</div>
 +
|}
 +
Note: This article is likely to contain several spelling mistakes that occurred during scanning. If these errors are reported as messages to the Facebook page, [http://www.facebook.com/Indpaedia Indpaedia.com] your help will be gratefully acknowledged.
 +
=Book III =
 +
[[Category:India |R ]]
 +
[[Category:History |R ]]
 +
[[Category:Development |R ]]
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%">
 +
This page is an extract from <br/>
 +
ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES <br/>
 +
OF <br/>
 +
'''RAJASTHAN '''<br/>
 +
 +
OR THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN <br/>
 +
RAJPUT STATES OF INDIA <br/>
 +
 +
By <br/>
 +
LIEUT.-COL. JAMES TOD <br/>
 +
Late Political Agent to the Western Rajput States <br/>
 +
 +
Edited with an Introduction and Notes by <br/>
 +
WILLIAM CROOKE, CIE. <br/>
 +
Hon. D.Sc. Oxon., B.A., F.R.A.l. <br/>
 +
Late of the Indian Civil Service <br/>
 +
 +
In Three Volumes <br/>
 +
VOL. III: SKETCH OF A FEUDAL SYSTEM IN RAJASTHAN <br/>
 +
[The Annals were completed in 1829]<br/> 
 +
 +
HUMPHREY MILFORD <br/>
 +
Oxford University Press <br/>
 +
London Edinburgh Glasgow New York <br/>
 +
Toronto Melbourne Bombay <br/>
 +
1920 [The edition scanned] <br/>
 +
</div>
 +
|}
 +
Note: This article is likely to contain several spelling mistakes that occurred during scanning. If these errors are reported as messages to the Facebook page, [http://www.facebook.com/Indpaedia Indpaedia.com] your help will be gratefully acknowledged.
 +
=Book IV=
 +
[[Category:India |M ]]
 +
[[Category:History |M ]]
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%">
 +
This page is an extract from <br/>
 +
ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES <br/>
 +
OF <br/>
 +
'''RAJASTHAN '''<br/>
 +
 +
OR THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN <br/>
 +
RAJPUT STATES OF INDIA <br/>
 +
 +
By <br/>
 +
LIEUT.-COL. JAMES TOD <br/>
 +
Late Political Agent to the Western Rajput States <br/>
 +
 +
Edited with an Introduction and Notes by <br/>
 +
WILLIAM CROOKE, CIE. <br/>
 +
Hon. D.Sc. Oxon., B.A., F.R.A.l. <br/>
 +
Late of the Indian Civil Service <br/>
 +
 +
In Three Volumes <br/>
 +
VOL. IV: ANNALS OF MEWAR <br/>
 +
[The Annals were completed in 1829]<br/> 
 +
 +
HUMPHREY MILFORD <br/>
 +
Oxford University Press <br/>
 +
London Edinburgh Glasgow New York <br/>
 +
Toronto Melbourne Bombay <br/>
 +
1920 [The edition scanned] <br/>
 +
</div>
 +
|}
 +
Note: This article is likely to contain several spelling mistakes that occurred during scanning. If these errors are reported as messages to the Facebook page, [http://www.facebook.com/Indpaedia Indpaedia.com] your help will be gratefully acknowledged.
 +
 +
=Other IPTs=
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
Line 10: Line 238:
 
Director, Zoological Survey of India<br/>
 
Director, Zoological Survey of India<br/>
 
and his team of devoted scientists. <br/>
 
and his team of devoted scientists. <br/>
−
Being an enlarged, updated version of <br/>
+
The said book was an enlarged, updated version of <br/>
 
''The State of Art Report: Zoology '' <br/>
 
''The State of Art Report: Zoology '' <br/>
 
Edited by Dr. T. N. Ananthakrishnan, <br/>
 
Edited by Dr. T. N. Ananthakrishnan, <br/>
Line 17: Line 245:
 
|}
 
|}
 
Note: This article is likely to have several spelling mistakes that occurred during scanning. If these errors are reported as messages to the Facebook page, [http://www.facebook.com/Indpaedia Indpaedia.com] your help will be gratefully acknowledged.  
 
Note: This article is likely to have several spelling mistakes that occurred during scanning. If these errors are reported as messages to the Facebook page, [http://www.facebook.com/Indpaedia Indpaedia.com] your help will be gratefully acknowledged.  
 +
[[Category:India | ]]
 +
[[Category:Fauna | ]]
 +
 
[[Category:India | ]]
 
[[Category:India | ]]
 
[[Category:Fauna | ]]
 
[[Category:Fauna | ]]
Line 62: Line 293:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%">
 
|colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%">
−
This is an extract from a British Raj gazetteer pertaining to Sholapur that seems <br/> to have been written in 1884. If the year of the census has not been given, 1881<br/> may be assumed.<br/>
+
This is an extract from a British Raj gazetteer pertaining to Sholapur that seems <br/>  
 +
to have been written in 1884. If a census has been cited but its year of  not given, <br/>1881 may be assumed.<br/>
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
|}
 
|}
Line 69: Line 301:
 
[[Category:Communities | ]]
 
[[Category:Communities | ]]
 
[[Category:Places |S ]]
 
[[Category:Places |S ]]
−
 
−
CONTENTS.
 
−
PART
 
−
I.
 
−
NEPA
 
−
L.
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
I.
 
−
THE
 
−
COUNTRYZAND
 
−
PEOPLE.
 
−
Ihxiption
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
country-the
 
−
people-army-weepons-outline
 
−
of
 
−
history-
 
−
Major
 
−
Kinlooh's
 
−
expedition,
 
−
1767-Nepal-Tibetan
 
−
war-Chinem
 
−
sesist
 
−
Tibet--defeat
 
−
of
 
−
Qurkhee-Colonel
 
−
Kirkpatrick's
 
−
mission.
 
−
1793-Treaty
 
−
of
 
−
1801-Nepal
 
−
war,
 
−
1814--!lbaty
 
−
of
 
−
Segowlie,
 
−
1816-war
 
−
with
 
−
Tibet,
 
−
1%
 
−
Nopalem
 
−
sesistanoe
 
−
in
 
−
1867-Revolutions,
 
−
1886-Miasions
 
−
to
 
−
Pekin
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
1
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
11.
 
−
MILITARY
 
−
OPERATIONS.
 
−
16.for
 
−
.ginlooh's
 
−
expedition,
 
−
1767-Nepel
 
−
war,
 
−
1814-16-Nepal
 
−
war,
 
−
1816-
 
−
Appendices
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
. . .
 
−
.
 
−
7
 
−
PART
 
−
II.
 
−
SIKKIM.
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
111.
 
−
THE
 
−
COUNTRY
 
−
AND
 
−
PEOPLE.
 
−
Mption
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
country--climate-the
 
−
people-outline
 
−
of
 
−
history-firat
 
−
con-
 
−
bot
 
−
with
 
−
the
 
−
British,
 
−
18lkAnglo-Sikkh888
 
−
treaty,
 
−
1817-Cession
 
−
of
 
−
Dar-
 
−
jaeling.
 
−
18BLwkm
 
−
of
 
−
Doctors
 
−
Campbell
 
−
and
 
−
Hooker,
 
−
1849-annexetion
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Terai-British
 
−
subjects
 
−
kidnapped,
 
−
18B0--Colonel
 
−
Qawler'e
 
−
expedition,
 
−
and
 
−
the
 
−
snbmquent
 
−
treaty-&.
 
−
Edgar's
 
−
mission,
 
−
1873--conetmction
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Jelap
 
−
La
 
−
road-Macaulay
 
−
mimion,
 
−
1886--troubles
 
−
with
 
−
Tibet-the
 
−
Sikkim
 
−
eqeditiin,
 
−
1886-Tibetans
 
−
expelled-Chine
 
−
recognizes
 
−
our
 
−
euzerainty
 
−
over
 
−
Bikkim-British
 
−
Political
 
−
Officer
 
−
appointed
 
−
to
 
−
Qantok-Raja
 
−
tries
 
−
to
 
−
esoape
 
−
to
 
−
Tibet,
 
−
and
 
−
is
 
−
pld
 
−
under
 
−
enrveillance-&.
 
−
White's
 
−
Boundary
 
−
commis-
 
−
ah,
 
−
1896-him
 
−
tom
 
−
in
 
−
1-administration
 
−
st
 
−
the
 
−
preeent
 
−
time
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
39
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
IV.
 
−
-
 
−
MILITARY
 
−
OPERATIONS.
 
−
Expedition
 
−
under
 
−
Captain
 
−
Barre
 
−
Latter
 
−
in
 
−
18lkthe
 
−
1860
 
−
expedition-Lien+-
 
−
Colonel
 
−
Qealer's
 
−
expedition,
 
−
1860-Ueneral
 
−
Graham's expedition.
 
−
1888
 
−
.
 
−
45
 
−
PART
 
−
Ill.
 
−
TIBET.
 
−
. .
 
−
.-~
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
V.
 
−
THE
 
−
COUNTRY
 
−
BND
 
−
PEOPLE.
 
−
PA01
 
−
Dewription
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
country-trade-the people-religion-buildings--govern-
 
−
ment-the
 
−
army-Tibet's exolusive
 
−
policy--outline
 
−
of
 
−
history-conqueet
 
−
of
 
−
Tibet
 
−
by
 
−
Jenghiz
 
−
Khan
 
−
in
 
−
1206-adoption
 
−
of
 
−
Lamaism
 
−
by
 
−
Kubilai
 
−
Khan,
 
−
125eMongols
 
−
overmn
 
−
Tibet,
 
−
l&K)--end
 
−
in~tcrll
 
−
Dgang-wasg-Lo-Zang
 
−
an
 
−
head
 
−
of
 
−
Central government
 
−
at
 
−
Lhasa--Chinese
 
−
army
 
−
enters Tibet
 
−
at
 
−
end
 
−
of
 
−
seventeenth century,
 
−
and
 
−
again
 
−
in
 
−
1717-growth
 
−
of
 
−
Chineae
 
−
inflnenoe-Mr.
 
−
Bogle's mission
 
−
in
 
−
1774-4urkha
 
−
mission,
 
−
1792-resulta
 
−
of
 
−
Colonel
 
−
Kirk-
 
−
patrick's
 
−
mission
 
−
to
 
−
Khatmandu--Chinese
 
−
assist
 
−
Tibet
 
−
during
 
−
Dogra
 
−
invasion
 
−
in
 
−
1841-Nepaleae
 
−
invade
 
−
Tibet,
 
−
18.54,
 
−
and
 
−
subsequently
 
−
eetablieh
 
−
I,
 
−
trading station
 
−
at
 
−
Lhasa-disturbanoea
 
−
in
 
−
Eestern
 
−
Tibet,
 
−
1883-Mr.
 
−
Edgar'a
 
−
miasion,
 
−
1873-barring of
 
−
the
 
−
Jelap
 
−
La
 
−
road
 
−
by
 
−
Tibetans--subaobuent
 
−
expedi-
 
−
tion
 
−
to
 
−
expel
 
−
them-Niti
 
−
expedition
 
−
1889-and
 
−
Chinese
 
−
convent ion,
 
−
1890-
 
−
ettitude
 
−
of
 
−
China
 
−
towards
 
−
Tibet-Boundary commission,
 
−
1896-mfluenoe
 
−
of
 
−
Russia -the
 
−
Tibet
 
−
mission.
 
−
1903-convention.
 
−
190Pthe
 
−
Dalai
 
−
Lama-
 
−
Teshi
 
−
Lama's
 
−
visit
 
−
to
 
−
India--disturbances in
 
−
Echstern
 
−
Tibet.
 
−
1906-Chine's
 
−
objections
 
−
to
 
−
the
 
−
convention
 
−
of
 
−
1904,
 
−
and
 
−
hrr
 
−
subsequent
 
−
ratification
 
−
of
 
−
it-
 
−
British
 
−
polioy
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
. . . .
 
−
.
 
−
. .
 
−
.
 
−
. .
 
−
66
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
VI.
 
−
MILITARY
 
−
OPERATIONS.
 
−
The
 
−
Niti expedition
 
−
of
 
−
1889-the
 
−
Tibet
 
−
mission,
 
−
190344-Appndicea-strength
 
−
of
 
−
mission
 
−
eecort.
 
−
1903-04-abstract
 
−
of
 
−
casualties-letters from
 
−
Nepal
 
−
Dur-
 
−
bar
 
−
to
 
−
Tibetans--convention
 
−
between
 
−
Great Britain
 
−
and
 
−
Tibet,
 
−
1904.
 
−
.
 
−
87
 
−
PART
 
−
IV.
 
−
BHUTAN.
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
VII.
 
−
THE
 
−
COUNTRY
 
−
ANDjPEOPLE.
 
−
Description
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
country-the
 
−
people-religion-trade-administration-mil-
 
−
tary
 
−
forces-arms-methods
 
−
of
 
−
fighting--outline
 
−
of
 
−
history-the
 
−
Tephm-
 
−
Kampa
 
−
sepop
 
−
form a colony
 
−
in
 
−
Bhutan-4heptun
 
−
La-pha
 
−
made
 
−
Dharma
 
−
Raja-Deb
 
−
Jeedah-revolutions-relations
 
−
with
 
−
Tibet-with
 
−
China-with
 
−
Nepal-and
 
−
with
 
−
the
 
−
British-Captain Jones' expedition. 1773--Captain
 
−
Pemberton's
 
−
mission,
 
−
1837-annexation
 
−
of
 
−
Assam
 
−
dwrra-Bhutan-
 
−
raids
 
−
in
 
−
ham-Ashley
 
−
Eden's mission,
 
−
18834--expedition,
 
−
1864-Anglo-Bhu-
 
−
tan-
 
−
treaty.
 
−
186.5-Reid
 
−
on Chunbuti in
 
−
1880-Bhutanese
 
−
attitude
 
−
during
 
−
Tibet
 
−
mission-Mr.
 
−
White's
 
−
mission,
 
−
1905-pmsent
 
−
relations with
 
−
Bhutan
 
−
.
 
−
111
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
VIII.
 
−
MILITARY
 
−
OPHRATION.
 
−
PIG.
 
−
aptsin
 
−
Jonea'
 
−
expedition,
 
−
1773-frontier
 
−
affair
 
−
in
 
−
1828--operetion8
 
−
in
 
−
1836-
 
−
akirmish
 
−
in
 
−
1836-0perations
 
−
in
 
−
1864, 1865,
 
−
and
 
−
1806
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
134
 
−
PART
 
−
V.
 
−
ASdAM.
 
−
.
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
IX.
 
−
ASS.4
 
−
M
 
−
PROPER.
 
−
Bomdariee
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
country-Aham
 
−
invasion
 
−
in
 
−
the
 
−
thirteenth
 
−
oanturp--Csptein
 
−
WeWa
 
−
expecttion,
 
−
1792-first
 
−
Burmese
 
−
war,
 
−
1824-The
 
−
hill
 
−
tribee-the
 
−
"Innerline"-bestaeasonforoperations
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
167
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
X.
 
−
THE
 
−
NORTHERN
 
−
HILL TRIBES.
 
−
Meam
 
−
of
 
−
control
 
−
over
 
−
the
 
−
tribes-the
 
−
term
 
−
"Abor
 
−
"-the
 
−
extra Bhutan
 
−
Bhutim-
 
−
The
 
−
U-aption
 
−
of
 
−
their country-arms
 
−
and tactics-outline
 
−
of
 
−
his-
 
−
tory-the
 
−
Aka
 
−
expedition
 
−
of
 
−
1883-The
 
−
Dsphles-the
 
−
oountry
 
−
and
 
−
people--
 
−
reletions
 
−
with
 
−
the
 
−
British-Daphla
 
−
expedition
 
−
of
 
−
1874-The
 
−
Miris-The
 
−
Abors-the
 
−
counbry
 
−
end
 
−
people-arms
 
−
and
 
−
tactics-outline
 
−
of
 
−
expeditions
 
−
ageinst
 
−
the
 
−
Abors-the
 
−
expedition
 
−
of
 
−
1858-tho
 
−
1859
 
−
expedition-the
 
−
1894
 
−
expedition
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
. .
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.If30
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
XI.
 
−
THE
 
−
NORTH-E.4STER.N
 
−
HILL TRIBES.
 
−
The
 
−
ahmis-the
 
−
people-attitude towards
 
−
the
 
−
Indian
 
−
government-outline
 
−
of
 
−
history-Lieutenent
 
−
Eden's expedition,
 
−
1856-expedition
 
−
of
 
−
1899-The
 
−
~mtb-outline
 
−
of
 
−
&tory--The Singphos-the
 
−
oountry
 
−
end
 
−
people-arms
 
−
and
 
−
taotioe--outline
 
−
of
 
−
history-captain
 
−
Neufville's
 
−
operetions
 
−
in
 
−
1825
 
−
.
 
−
180
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
XII.
 
−
THE
 
−
BOUTHERN
 
−
HILL TRIBES.
 
−
The
 
−
Qaro
 
−
hilla-The
 
−
Khaai
 
−
Hills-Jaintie-Cacher
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
. .
 
−
1~
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
XIII.
 
−
THE
 
−
NACJA
 
−
HILLS.
 
−
The
 
−
country
 
−
and
 
−
people-tribal
 
−
divisions-outline
 
−
of
 
−
history-fiat
 
−
relations
 
−
with
 
−
the
 
−
Britieh-Naga
 
−
raids.
 
−
1857-British
 
−
hident
 
−
aent
 
−
to
 
−
Samaguting.
 
−
1886-
 
−
murder
 
−
of
 
−
British
 
−
aurveyore-punitive
 
−
expedition,
 
−
1876+xpedition
 
−
in
 
−
1877-Atbk
 
−
on
 
−
Kohima-1880
 
−
expedition
 
−
. .
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
,
 
−
.
 
−
200
 
−
CONTENTS.
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
XIV.
 
−
MANZPUR.
 
−
PAOP
 
−
mtry
 
−
and
 
−
people--y-first
 
−
contact
 
−
with
 
−
the
 
−
British.
 
−
1782-the
 
−
tiret
 
−
Burmeae
 
−
war-Manipur
 
−
aesiatance
 
−
to
 
−
British Government
 
−
in
 
−
Naga
 
−
wsr
 
−
1879-revolution
 
−
in
 
−
1890-the
 
−
Manipnr
 
−
expedition,
 
−
1801
 
−
. .
 
−
.
 
−
219
 
−
PART
 
−
VI.
 
−
'
 
−
THE
 
−
LUSHAIS.
 
−
--
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
XV.
 
−
THE
 
−
COUNTRY
 
−
AND
 
−
PEOPLE.
 
−
Dewription
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
country-arms
 
−
and
 
−
tactics-outline
 
−
of
 
−
history-Csptain
 
−
Blackwood's
 
−
expedition,
 
−
1844-Colonel
 
−
Liter's
 
−
expedition,
 
−
1M0-Genod
 
−
Nuthall's
 
−
expedition,
 
−
1888-raids
 
−
in
 
−
1871-punitive
 
−
expedition and
 
−
terms,
 
−
of
 
−
peace,
 
−
1871-attnok
 
−
on
 
−
police,
 
−
1W3-renewed
 
−
raids--Colonel
 
−
Trrgenr'a
 
−
expihion,
 
−
1888-89-Chin-Luahai
 
−
gxpdition.
 
−
1889-00-attack
 
−
on
 
−
Aijd,
 
−
1890-punitive
 
−
meaanree-raid
 
−
in
 
−
1SW
 
−
and
 
−
punitive
 
−
operations
 
−
andem
 
−
Cbptsia
 
−
Laok-operatiom
 
−
in
 
−
1893-preeont
 
−
adminiatration
 
−
. .
 
−
.
 
−
331
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
XVI.
 
−
MILITARY
 
−
OPERATIONS.
 
−
Expedition
 
−
of
 
−
1871-72--sxpedition
 
−
of
 
−
1888-89-the
 
−
Chin-Lnshai
 
−
expedition,
 
−
1889-90
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
. .
 
−
.
 
−
. . . .
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
!W
 
−
LIST
 
−
OF
 
−
MAPS.
 
−
Sketoh
 
−
map
 
−
toillnetrate
 
−
Volume
 
−
IV
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
In
 
−
pot#.
 
−
,,
 
−
, ,
 
−
General
 
−
Ochterlony's
 
−
operations
 
−
round
 
−
Malam
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
to
 
−
feae
 
−
p.~e
 
−
14
 
−
8Letah
 
−
map
 
−
of
 
−
country
 
−
round
 
−
Khatmundu
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
,,
 
−
,,
 
−
20
 
−
,,
 
−
,,
 
−
to
 
−
illustrate
 
−
operations
 
−
in
 
−
Sikki
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
,,
 
−
rm
 
−
,,
 
−
,,
 
−
9,
 
−
.,
 
−
the
 
−
advanoe
 
−
to
 
−
Gyantse
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
,,
 
−
tr
 
−
88
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Jong
 
−
and
 
−
Qompa of
 
−
Qyantse
 
−
. .
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
,,
 
−
-
 
−
96
 
−
Reoonneiaeenoe
 
−
sketah
 
−
from
 
−
Pda
 
−
village
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
,,
 
−
I.
 
−
06
 
−
=etch
 
−
map illustrating
 
−
operations
 
−
in
 
−
Bhutan
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
.
 
−
,,
 
−
,,
 
−
186
 
−
NEPAL.
 
−
CHAPTER
 
−
I.
 
−
THE
 
−
COUXTRP
 
−
AND
 
−
PEOPLE.
 
−
THE
 
−
modern
 
−
kingdom
 
−
of
 
−
Nepal
 
−
is
 
−
a
 
−
narrow
 
−
tract
 
−
of
 
−
country
 
−
ex-
 
−
tending
 
−
for
 
−
520
 
−
miles
 
−
along
 
−
the
 
−
southern
 
−
slopes
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Hima.
 
−
layas,
 
−
with
 
−
a
 
−
varying
 
−
breadth
 
−
of
 
−
from
 
−
90
 
−
to
 
−
140
 
−
miles.
 
−
It
 
−
is
 
−
bounded
 
−
on
 
−
the
 
−
north
 
−
by
 
−
Tibet;
 
−
on
 
−
the
 
−
east
 
−
by
 
−
Sikkim
 
−
and
 
−
the
 
−
river
 
−
Mechi;
 
−
on
 
−
the
 
−
south
 
−
by
 
−
Bengal,
 
−
Oudh,
 
−
and
 
−
Rohilkhand;
 
−
and
 
−
on
 
−
the
 
−
west
 
−
by
 
−
liumaun.
 
−
Nepal
 
−
is
 
−
thus
 
−
surrounded
 
−
on
 
−
three
 
−
sides
 
−
by
 
−
British
 
−
territory.
 
−
Of
 
−
the
 
−
fourth,
 
−
or
 
−
Tibetan,
 
−
frontier, formed
 
−
by
 
−
the
 
−
main range
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Himslayas, little
 
−
is known.
 
−
Previous
 
−
to
 
−
1815
 
−
the
 
−
kingdom
 
−
included
 
−
the
 
−
country
 
−
up
 
−
to the
 
−
river Sutlej,
 
−
and
 
−
also
 
−
the
 
−
Sikkim
 
−
territory
 
−
west
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Tista
 
−
river.
 
−
The
 
−
country
 
−
consists
 
−
of
 
−
four
 
−
distinct
 
−
zones
 
−
running
 
−
cast
 
−
and
 
−
west
 
−
:
 
−
namely,
 
−
the
 
−
Terai,
 
−
the
 
−
Dhuns,
 
−
the
 
−
Hill
 
−
Country,
 
−
and the
 
−
Alpine
 
−
Region.
 
−
The
 
−
Terai
 
−
is
 
−
a
 
−
belt
 
−
of
 
−
country,
 
−
thirty
 
−
miles
 
−
wide,
 
−
skirting
 
−
the
 
−
Tho
 
−
Tcrci.
 
−
British frontier,
 
−
and
 
−
divided
 
−
into
 
−
the
 
−
open
 
−
Terai
 
−
and the
 
−
Bhaver.
 
−
Of
 
−
these
 
−
the
 
−
open
 
−
Tcrai
 
−
is
 
−
marshy
 
−
land
 
−
slightly
 
−
lower
 
−
than
 
−
the
 
−
adjoining
 
−
plains,
 
−
and
 
−
is now
 
−
almost
 
−
entirely cultivated. The climate
 
−
is
 
−
exceedingly
 
−
unhealthy
 
−
in
 
−
the hot
 
−
weather
 
−
and
 
−
rains.
 
−
The
 
−
Bhaver,
 
−
or
 
−
prim~val
 
−
sd
 
−
forest, has
 
−
a
 
−
climate even
 
−
more
 
−
malarious
 
−
than
 
−
that
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Terai.
 
−
'There
 
−
are
 
−
small patches
 
−
of
 
−
cultivation
 
−
in
 
−
the
 
−
heart
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
forest,
 
−
and
 
−
the
 
−
Terai
 
−
edge
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
forest is gradually retiring,
 
−
as
 
−
fresh
 
−
land
 
−
is
 
−
brought under cultivation.
 
−
This
 
−
jungle
 
−
is
 
−
almost
 
−
un-
 
−
inhabited, and
 
−
is
 
−
only
 
−
valuable
 
−
for
 
−
its
 
−
timber
 
−
and
 
−
elephants.
 
−
At
 
−
two points
 
−
the
 
−
Nepal
 
−
Terai is
 
−
broken,
 
−
ciz.,
 
−
between
 
−
the
 
−
Oria
 
−
and
 
−
the
 
−
river
 
−
Gandak,
 
−
and
 
−
at
 
−
the
 
−
Dundwa
 
−
hills.
 
−
Here
 
−
British
 
−
territory
 
−
advances
 
−
to
 
−
the
 
−
Sandstone
 
−
range.
 
−
Separating
 
−
the
 
−
sCil
 
−
forest
 
−
from
 
−
the
 
−
second zone
 
−
is
 
−
the
 
−
Sandstone
 
−
-
 
−
range
 
−
;
 
−
a
 
−
more or
 
−
less
 
−
pronounced
 
−
ridge
 
−
Dhuns
 
−
or
 
−
Mnrris.
 
−
running
 
−
along
 
−
the
 
−
whole
 
−
frontier,
 
−
rising
 
−
to
 
−
about
 
−
3,000
 
−
feet
 
−
above
 
−
the
 
−
sea,
 
−
or
 
−
to
 
−
600
 
−
'or
 
−
800
 
−
feet
 
−
above
 
−
VOL
 
−
Iv.
 
−
B
 
−
2
 
−
FRONTIER
 
−
AHD
 
−
OVERSEAS
 
−
EXPEDIPIONS
 
−
PROM
 
−
INDIA.
 
−
the
 
−
surrounding
 
−
country
 
−
;
 
−
it
 
−
is
 
−
covered
 
−
with
 
−
dense
 
−
jungle,
 
−
and
 
−
is
 
−
impassable,
 
−
except
 
−
at
 
−
the
 
−
passes,
 
−
in
 
−
none
 
−
of
 
−
which
 
−
is
 
−
there
 
−
a
 
−
good
 
−
road. The
 
−
Dhuns
 
−
are
 
−
valleys
 
−
lying
 
−
behind
 
−
the
 
−
sandstone
 
−
range,
 
−
generally
 
−
2,600
 
−
feet
 
−
above
 
−
the
 
−
sea.
 
−
Their
 
−
soil
 
−
is
 
−
alluvial
 
−
and
 
−
is
 
−
capable
 
−
of
 
−
very
 
−
high
 
−
cultivation.
 
−
From
 
−
motives
 
−
of
 
−
isolation
 
−
policy
 
−
the
 
−
Nepalese allow
 
−
these
 
−
valleys
 
−
to
 
−
remain
 
−
covered
 
−
with
 
−
jungle.
 
−
North
 
−
of
 
−
theDhuns
 
−
lie
 
−
the
 
−
Himalayas,
 
−
hill
 
−
succeeding
 
−
hill,
 
−
Rill
 
−
country
 
−
and
 
−
Alpine
 
−
until
 
−
they
 
−
cu~miiate
 
−
in
 
−
a
 
−
vast
 
−
snowy
 
−
region.
 
−
range. This
 
−
region
 
−
may
 
−
be divided
 
−
into
 
−
two
 
−
zones:-The
 
−
Grst,
 
−
up
 
−
a
 
−
height
 
−
of
 
−
10,000 feet,
 
−
includes
 
−
numerous
 
−
well
 
−
watered,
 
−
populous,
 
−
and
 
−
highly
 
−
cultivated
 
−
valleys,
 
−
at
 
−
an
 
−
average
 
−
elevation
 
−
of 4,000
 
−
feet.
 
−
The
 
−
second
 
−
is
 
−
the
 
−
Alpine
 
−
region,
 
−
in
 
−
which
 
−
cultivation
 
−
is carried
 
−
up
 
−
to
 
−
a height
 
−
of
 
−
13,000 feet.
 
−
This
 
−
country
 
−
is
 
−
divided,
 
−
by four
 
−
massive
 
−
offshoots
 
−
from
 
−
the
 
−
main
 
−
Himalayan
 
−
range,
 
−
into
 
−
three mountain
 
−
basins. These,
 
−
with Nepal
 
−
Proper,
 
−
or
 
−
the
 
−
valley
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Baghmati
 
−
river,
 
−
and
 
−
the
 
−
Terai,
 
−
form
 
−
five
 
−
natural
 
−
provinces,
 
−
namely
 
−
-
 
−
1.
 
−
The
 
−
Terai.
 
−
4.
 
−
Central
 
−
Nepal,
 
−
or
 
−
the
 
−
Gandak
 
−
2.
 
−
Eastern
 
−
Nepal,
 
−
or
 
−
the
 
−
Kosi
 
−
basin.
 
−
basin.
 
−
5.
 
−
Western
 
−
Nepal
 
−
or
 
−
the
 
−
Karnal
 
−
3.
 
−
Nepal
 
−
valley.
 
−
basin.
 
−
The
 
−
whole
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
communications
 
−
throughout
 
−
Nepal
 
−
may
 
−
be
 
−
classed
 
−
as
 
−
bad.
 
−
The
 
−
Nepalese
 
−
have
 
−
always
 
−
set their
 
−
faces
 
−
against
 
−
any
 
−
improvement
 
−
in
 
−
this
 
−
respect,
 
−
trusting
 
−
to
 
−
the
 
−
natural
 
−
inaccess-
 
−
ibility
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
country
 
−
as
 
−
the
 
−
best
 
−
means
 
−
of
 
−
preventing
 
−
invasion.
 
−
Only
 
−
one
 
−
route
 
−
is
 
−
open
 
−
to
 
−
Europeans-that
 
−
from
 
−
Segowlie
 
−
ui&
 
−
Etaunda
 
−
to
 
−
Khatmandu.
 
−
All
 
−
authentic
 
−
information
 
−
ceases
 
−
as
 
−
soon
 
−
as
 
−
the
 
−
Sandstone
 
−
range
 
−
is passed. Most
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
routes
 
−
are
 
−
only
 
−
practicable
 
−
for hill ponies or mules,
 
−
and
 
−
some
 
−
of
 
−
those
 
−
into
 
−
Tibet
 
−
only
 
−
for
 
−
sheep
 
−
and
 
−
yaks. The numerous
 
−
hill
 
−
rivers
 
−
are
 
−
only
 
−
to
 
−
be
 
−
crossed
 
−
by
 
−
country
 
−
rope
 
−
bridges.
 
−
The
 
−
original
 
−
inhabitants
 
−
of
 
−
Nepal
 
−
would
 
−
appear
 
−
to
 
−
have
 
−
been
 
−
People.
 
−
of
 
−
Mongolian origin.
 
−
With
 
−
them
 
−
there
 
−
is
 
−
now
 
−
an
 
−
admixture
 
−
of
 
−
Hindu
 
−
stock.
 
−
Thakur
 
−
and Khas
 
−
are descendants
 
−
of
 
−
Brahman
 
−
invaders
 
−
and
 
−
form
 
−
the
 
−
highest
 
−
social
 
−
class.
 
−
Next
 
−
to
 
−
them
 
−
come
 
−
Magars
 
−
and
 
−
Gurungs,
 
−
aboriginal
 
−
tribes
 
−
who
 
−
have
 
−
been
 
−
admitted
 
−
by
 
−
the
 
−
Hindu
 
−
to
 
−
the
 
−
privileges
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Kahatriya
 
−
caste.
 
−
The
 
−
Limbus,
 
−
Rais,
 
−
and
 
−
NEPAL.
 
−
3
 
−
Sunwars
 
−
are
 
−
also aboriginals.
 
−
All
 
−
the
 
−
above
 
−
are termed
 
−
Gurkhaa.
 
−
The
 
−
term
 
−
Gurkha
 
−
is
 
−
not
 
−
limited
 
−
to
 
−
any
 
−
class or clan,
 
−
but
 
−
is
 
−
applied
 
−
to
 
−
all
 
−
those
 
−
whose
 
−
ancestors
 
−
inhabited
 
−
the
 
−
country
 
−
of
 
−
Gurkha,
 
−
fifty-five
 
−
miles
 
−
west
 
−
of
 
−
Khatmandu,
 
−
and
 
−
from
 
−
which
 
−
they
 
−
extended
 
−
their
 
−
con-
 
−
quests.
 
−
Other
 
−
aboriginals
 
−
are
 
−
the
 
−
Newars,
 
−
an
 
−
intelligent
 
−
people
 
−
living
 
−
in
 
−
the
 
−
Nepal valley
 
−
;
 
−
Lepchas
 
−
and
 
−
Bhatias,
 
−
hill
 
−
tribes
 
−
;
 
−
Dhotials,
 
−
the
 
−
inhabitants
 
−
of
 
−
Western
 
−
Nepal;
 
−
and
 
−
the
 
−
Tharus,
 
−
low
 
−
caste
 
−
Hindus
 
−
who dwell
 
−
in
 
−
t,he
 
−
Terai
 
−
and
 
−
are
 
−
immune
 
−
to
 
−
malaria.
 
−
We
 
−
enlist
 
−
the
 
−
first
 
−
four
 
−
classes.named
 
−
above,
 
−
and
 
−
also
 
−
a
 
−
few
 
−
Newars.
 
−
Limbus,
 
−
Rais,
 
−
and
 
−
Sunwars
 
−
have
 
−
also
 
−
served
 
−
us
 
−
well
 
−
in
 
−
Burma.
 
−
There
 
−
are
 
−
at
 
−
present
 
−
(1906)
 
−
about
 
−
22,000
 
−
Gurkhas serving
 
−
in
 
−
the
 
−
British
 
−
Army,
 
−
to
 
−
keep
 
−
up
 
−
which
 
−
strength
 
−
Nepal furnishes
 
−
annually
 
−
1,667
 
−
recruits.
 
−
As
 
−
compared
 
−
with
 
−
other
 
−
orientals
 
−
Gurkhas
 
−
are
 
−
bold,
 
−
endur-
 
−
ing,
 
−
faithful,
 
−
frank, very
 
−
independent,
 
−
and
 
−
self-reliant
 
−
;
 
−
in their
 
−
own
 
−
country
 
−
they
 
−
are
 
−
jealous
 
−
of
 
−
foreigners
 
−
and
 
−
self-asserting.
 
−
The population
 
−
of
 
−
Nepal
 
−
was
 
−
estimated
 
−
by
 
−
us
 
−
(1883)
 
−
at
 
−
2,000,000
 
−
;
 
−
by
 
−
the
 
−
Nepalese
 
−
in
 
−
1901
 
−
at
 
−
5,000,000
 
−
;
 
−
and
 
−
by
 
−
Colonel
 
−
Vansittart
 
−
(1906)
 
−
at
 
−
4,000,000.
 
−
The
 
−
standing
 
−
army
 
−
has
 
−
been
 
−
estimated-
 
−
In
 
−
addition
 
−
there
 
−
is
 
−
an
 
−
army
 
−
reserve
 
−
by
 
−
which
 
−
it
 
−
is
 
−
thought
 
−
that
 
−
these numbers
 
−
could
 
−
be very quickly
 
−
doubled.
 
−
In
 
−
1839
 
−
it
 
−
was
 
−
estimated
 
−
that
 
−
the
 
−
fighting
 
−
tribes
 
−
would
 
−
produce
 
−
109,000
 
−
able-
 
−
bodied fighting
 
−
men.
 
−
The real
 
−
national
 
−
weapon
 
−
is
 
−
the
 
−
kukri, a
 
−
short,
 
−
curved,
 
−
broad-
 
−
Arms.
 
−
bladed
 
−
and
 
−
heavy
 
−
knife.
 
−
No
 
−
exact
 
−
state-
 
−
ment
 
−
can be made
 
−
of
 
−
their other
 
−
arms.
 
−
In
 
−
1814
 
−
they
 
−
were
 
−
in
 
−
possession
 
−
of
 
−
a considerable
 
−
number
 
−
of
 
−
match-
 
−
locks.
 
−
In
 
−
1892
 
−
it
 
−
was
 
−
thought
 
−
that
 
−
the
 
−
whole
 
−
army
 
−
could
 
−
be
 
−
pro-
 
−
vided
 
−
with
 
−
Snider
 
−
rifles.
 
−
Ip
 
−
1894
 
−
the
 
−
Government
 
−
of
 
−
India,
 
−
to
 
−
stop
 
−
B
 
−
2
 
−
4
 
−
FRONTIZR
 
−
AND
 
−
-
 
−
OVERSEA8 EXPEDITIONS
 
−
PROM
 
−
INDIA.
 
−
smuggling,
 
−
provided
 
−
the
 
−
Nepalese
 
−
with
 
−
8,000
 
−
Martini-Henry
 
−
rifles.
 
−
In
 
−
1905
 
−
the
 
−
Resident
 
−
reported
 
−
that
 
−
there
 
−
were 107
 
−
serviceable
 
−
guns.
 
−
There
 
−
is a
 
−
factory
 
−
at
 
−
Soondrijal,
 
−
where
 
−
maxims,
 
−
mountain
 
−
guns,
 
−
rifles,
 
−
and
 
−
ammunition have
 
−
been
 
−
manuf,zctured.
 
−
As
 
−
to
 
−
its
 
−
work
 
−
Colonel
 
−
R.
 
−
Pears reports
 
−
in 1902
 
−
that
 
−
the
 
−
rifles,
 
−
a
 
−
modification of
 
−
the
 
−
Martini-Henry,
 
−
seem
 
−
to
 
−
him
 
−
''
 
−
serviceable."
 
−
In
 
−
1749
 
−
Prithwi Narayan,
 
−
King
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Gurkhas,
 
−
began
 
−
to
 
−
extend
 
−
his
 
−
territory
 
−
and
 
−
absorb
 
−
the
 
−
small
 
−
states
 
−
Outline
 
−
of
 
−
History.
 
−
about
 
−
the
 
−
Nepal
 
−
valley.
 
−
The
 
−
last
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
independent
 
−
Newar
 
−
Rajas
 
−
appealed
 
−
to
 
−
the
 
−
British
 
−
for help,
 
−
and
 
−
an
 
−
expedition
 
−
under
 
−
Major
 
−
Kinloch
 
−
was
 
−
despatched.
 
−
It
 
−
did
 
−
not,
 
−
however,
 
−
penetrate
 
−
beyond
 
−
the
 
−
Terai,
 
−
and
 
−
Prithwi Narayan
 
−
captured
 
−
Khatmandu. By
 
−
the
 
−
year
 
−
1790
 
−
the
 
−
Gurkhas
 
−
had
 
−
obtained
 
−
possession
 
−
of
 
−
all
 
−
the
 
−
country
 
−
from
 
−
Bhutan
 
−
to
 
−
Kashmir,
 
−
and from
 
−
Tibet
 
−
to
 
−
the
 
−
British
 
−
provinces.
 
−
About
 
−
this
 
−
time
 
−
the
 
−
Nepal
 
−
regency,
 
−
tempted
 
−
by
 
−
the
 
−
great
 
−
riches
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
monasteries
 
−
in
 
−
Tibet, determined
 
−
to
 
−
make
 
−
an
 
−
attempt
 
−
upon them.
 
−
The
 
−
pretext
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
war
 
−
was
 
−
that
 
−
the
 
−
Tibetans
 
−
insisted
 
−
on
 
−
circulating
 
−
base
 
−
coin.
 
−
-4
 
−
Gurkha
 
−
Army,
 
−
18,000
 
−
strong,
 
−
covered
 
−
the
 
−
398 miles
 
−
to
 
−
shigatse
 
−
with
 
−
great rapidity,
 
−
and
 
−
plundered
 
−
the
 
−
palace.
 
−
The
 
−
Tibetans
 
−
meantime
 
−
entreated
 
−
help from
 
−
Pckin, and,
 
−
upon
 
−
the
 
−
Nepalese defying
 
−
the
 
−
Chinese
 
−
demands,
 
−
a
 
−
Chinese
 
−
Army
 
−
of
 
−
70,000
 
−
men,
 
−
provided with
 
−
leathern
 
−
guns,
 
−
advanced. They defeated
 
−
the
 
−
Gurkhas
 
−
at
 
−
Tengri
 
−
Maidan,
 
−
and then
 
−
finally
 
−
crushed
 
−
them
 
−
at
 
−
Naia-
 
−
-
 
−
kot
 
−
near
 
−
Khatmandu.
 
−
Peace
 
−
was
 
−
made
 
−
on
 
−
terms
 
−
humiliating
 
−
to
 
−
Nepal.
 
−
She
 
−
was
 
−
to
 
−
restore
 
−
the
 
−
plunder
 
−
;
 
−
to
 
−
pay
 
−
an
 
−
annual
 
−
tribute
 
−
to
 
−
the
 
−
Emperor
 
−
;
 
−
and
 
−
to
 
−
send
 
−
an
 
−
embassy
 
−
to
 
−
Pekin
 
−
once
 
−
in
 
−
five
 
−
years.
 
−
Unable
 
−
to
 
−
withstand
 
−
the
 
−
Chinese,
 
−
the
 
−
Gurkhas
 
−
had
 
−
appealed
 
−
to the
 
−
British
 
−
Government
 
−
;
 
−
and
 
−
a
 
−
Mis-
 
−
Mission,
 
−
1798.
 
−
sion
 
−
under
 
−
Colonel
 
−
Kirkpatrick
 
−
reached
 
−
Naiakot
 
−
in
 
−
March 1793.
 
−
By
 
−
that
 
−
time,
 
−
however,
 
−
peace
 
−
had
 
−
been
 
−
concluded.
 
−
A
 
−
commercial
 
−
treaty
 
−
between
 
−
the
 
−
British
 
−
and
 
−
Nepalese
 
−
-
 
−
Governments
 
−
was
 
−
signed,
 
−
but
 
−
the
 
−
Nepalese
 
−
appeared determined
 
−
-
 
−
to
 
−
avoid
 
−
closer
 
−
acquaintance,
 
−
and
 
−
Kirkpatrick quitted
 
−
Nepal
 
−
in
 
−
1793.
 
−
The
 
−
policy
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
British
 
−
at
 
−
this time
 
−
seems
 
−
to
 
−
have
 
−
alienated
 
−
both
 
−
the
 
−
Gurkhas
 
−
and
 
−
Chinese.
 
−
1
 
−
Aitchison's
 
−
Trediea,
 
−
Engagements,
 
−
and
 
−
Snnoda,
 
−
Vol.
 
−
11,
 
−
No.
 
−
LIT.
 
−
e
 
−
I.'ide
 
−
page
 
−
77.
 
−
In
 
−
1801
 
−
another
 
−
treaty
 
−
was signed,
 
−
and
 
−
Captain
 
−
W.
 
−
D.
 
−
Knox
 
−
was
 
−
appointed
 
−
Resident
 
−
at
 
−
the
 
−
court
 
−
of
 
−
Nepal. Being dissatisfied
 
−
with
 
−
the
 
−
political
 
−
conduct
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Nepalese,
 
−
he withdrew in March
 
−
1803,
 
−
and
 
−
in
 
−
January
 
−
1804
 
−
Lord
 
−
Wellesley
 
−
formally
 
−
dissolved
 
−
the
 
−
alliance.
 
−
From this
 
−
time
 
−
the
 
−
Nepalese
 
−
carried
 
−
on
 
−
a
 
−
system
 
−
of
 
−
outrage
 
−
and
 
−
encroachment
 
−
on
 
−
the
 
−
frontier
 
−
which led
 
−
to
 
−
the
 
−
Expedition,
 
−
1814.
 
−
declaration
 
−
of
 
−
war
 
−
by
 
−
the
 
−
Brit,ish
 
−
in
 
−
1814.
 
−
After a
 
−
series
 
−
of
 
−
operations
 
−
Sir
 
−
David
 
−
Ochterlony
 
−
penetrated
 
−
to
 
−
hfokwanpur,
 
−
and
 
−
the treaty
 
−
of
 
−
Segowlie9
 
−
was signed
 
−
in
 
−
December
 
−
1815,
 
−
by
 
−
the
 
−
terms
 
−
of
 
−
which
 
−
the
 
−
kingdom
 
−
of
 
−
Nepal
 
−
was
 
−
limited
 
−
to
 
−
its
 
−
present
 
−
eastern
 
−
and
 
−
western
 
−
boundaries
 
−
;
 
−
a
 
−
large
 
−
part
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Terai
 
−
was
 
−
ceded
 
−
to
 
−
the
 
−
British
 
−
;
 
−
and
 
−
a
 
−
British
 
−
Resident
 
−
was
 
−
appointed.
 
−
In
 
−
1839,
 
−
upon
 
−
the
 
−
overt,hrow
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
veteran
 
−
prime
 
−
minister
 
−
Bhim
 
−
Sen
 
−
Tappa,
 
−
hostility towards
 
−
the
 
−
British
 
−
Government assumed
 
−
an
 
−
open
 
−
form.
 
−
The British
 
−
success, however,
 
−
in
 
−
Afghanistan,
 
−
and
 
−
the
 
−
presence
 
−
of
 
−
a
 
−
British
 
−
corps
 
−
of
 
−
observation
 
−
on
 
−
the
 
−
frontier,
 
−
had
 
−
-
 
−
their
 
−
effect,
 
−
a6d
 
−
the
 
−
Nepal
 
−
Durbar
 
−
promised
 
−
good
 
−
behaviour.
 
−
In
 
−
1848
 
−
an
 
−
offer
 
−
to
 
−
assist
 
−
the
 
−
Indian
 
−
Army against
 
−
the
 
−
Sikhs
 
−
was
 
−
made,
 
−
but
 
−
declined. This
 
−
was
 
−
the
 
−
first sign
 
−
of
 
−
attachment
 
−
to
 
−
the
 
−
British
 
−
Government.
 
−
In
 
−
1850
 
−
Jung
 
−
Bahadur
 
−
visited
 
−
England,
 
−
and
 
−
was
 
−
ever
 
−
after
 
−
an
 
−
enthusiastic ally
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
British.
 
−
In
 
−
1854
 
−
the
 
−
Gurkhas entered
 
−
into
 
−
a
 
−
war
 
−
with
 
−
Tibet
 
−
which
 
−
terminated
 
−
favourably
 
−
for Nepal.
 
−
In
 
−
1857
 
−
the
 
−
Nepalese
 
−
again
 
−
offered
 
−
help
 
−
to
 
−
the
 
−
British
 
−
Govern-
 
−
ment,
 
−
but
 
−
it
 
−
was
 
−
not
 
−
until
 
−
the
 
−
26th
 
−
June,
 
−
after
 
−
Delhi
 
−
had
 
−
been
 
−
taken
 
−
and
 
−
Lucknow
 
−
relieved,
 
−
that
 
−
the
 
−
offer
 
−
was
 
−
accepted.
 
−
In
 
−
all
 
−
10,000
 
−
men
 
−
were
 
−
'sent down,
 
−
and
 
−
took
 
−
part
 
−
in
 
−
the
 
−
campaigns
 
−
of
 
−
1857
 
−
and
 
−
1858
 
−
against
 
−
the
 
−
rebels.
 
−
In
 
−
return
 
−
for
 
−
this
 
−
service
 
−
the
 
−
portion
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Terai
 
−
ceded
 
−
in
 
−
1816 was
 
−
restored
 
−
to
 
−
Nepal.
 
−
In
 
−
1884
 
−
a
 
−
dispute
 
−
arose
 
−
with Tibet,
 
−
which was
 
−
settled
 
−
by
 
−
the
 
−
payment
 
−
of
 
−
an
 
−
indemnity
 
−
by
 
−
the
 
−
Tibetan
 
−
Government.
 
−
In
 
−
1885
 
−
the
 
−
Nepal
 
−
Durbar
 
−
offered 15,000 men
 
−
for
 
−
service
 
−
in
 
−
Afghanistan,
 
−
and
 
−
also
 
−
a
 
−
contingent
 
−
to
 
−
take
 
−
part
 
−
in
 
−
the
 
−
Delhi
 
−
camp-of-exercise.
 
−
This
 
−
offer
 
−
being conditionally accepted,
 
−
the
 
−
massing
 
−
of
 
−
picked men was
 
−
made
 
−
the
 
−
occasion
 
−
of
 
−
internal
 
−
revolution,
 
−
and
 
−
Bir
 
−
Shumshere
 
−
seized
 
−
the
 
−
office
 
−
of
 
−
prime
 
−
minister.
 
−
1
 
−
Aitchison
 
−
No.
 
−
LIII.
 
−
2
 
−
See
 
−
Chapter
 
−
2.
 
−
8
 
−
Aitahison
 
−
No.
 
−
LIV.
 
−
6
 
−
FRONTIER
 
−
AND
 
−
OVERS1AB
 
−
EXPEDITIONS
 
−
FROM
 
−
INDIA.
 
−
In
 
−
1892
 
−
Lord Roberts,
 
−
Commander-in-Chief
 
−
in
 
−
India,
 
−
waa
 
−
present
 
−
at
 
−
a
 
−
review
 
−
of
 
−
the
 
−
Nepal
 
−
Army
 
−
at
 
−
Khatmandu,
 
−
and
 
−
Bir
 
−
Shumshere visited
 
−
the
 
−
manoeuvres
 
−
at
 
−
Muridki
 
−
and
 
−
Rawalpindi.
 
−
Nepal
 
−
pays
 
−
no
 
−
tribute
 
−
to
 
−
the
 
−
British
 
−
Government.
 
−
A
 
−
Mission
 
−
used
 
−
to
 
−
be
 
−
sent
 
−
every
 
−
five
 
−
years
 
−
to
 
−
Pekin with presents,
 
−
but
 
−
this
 
−
was
 
−
discontinued in
 
−
1852,
 
−
and
 
−
after
 
−
that
 
−
date
 
−
no
 
−
Mission was
 
−
sent
 
−
until
 
−
1866.
 
−
In
 
−
1885, on
 
−
the
 
−
occasion
 
−
of
 
−
Bir
 
−
Shurnshere's
 
−
seizing
 
−
the
 
−
chief
 
−
power,
 
−
a
 
−
special
 
−
Mission was
 
−
despatched
 
−
to
 
−
Pekin
 
−
to
 
−
pray
 
−
that
 
−
he should be recognized.
 

Latest revision as of 22:47, 3 June 2015

This is an extract from

FAUNAL DIVERSITY IN INDIA

Edited by

J. R. B. Alfred

A. K. Das

A. K. Sanyal.

ENVIS Centre,

Zoological Survey of India,

Calcutta.

1998

( J. R. B. Alfred was

Director, Zoological Survey of India)



This is an extract from

THE
TRIBES AND CASTES
OF THE
NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES AND OUDH.

BY
W. CROOKE, B.A.,
BENGAL CIVIL SERVICE.

-<>-

CALCUTTA:
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT
OF
GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA.
1896.

Note: This article is likely to contain several spelling mistakes that occurred during scanning. If these errors are reported as messages to the Facebook page, Indpaedia.com your help will be gratefully acknowledged in your name.

You can help by sending any additional information/ correction (including spelling/
Romanisation mistakes) as a message to the Facebook community, Indpaedia.com.
If found correct and used, it will be gratefully acknowledged in your name.

Contents

[edit] Constitution

[edit] Book I

This page is an extract from
ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES
OF
RAJASTHAN

OR THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN
RAJPUT STATES OF INDIA

By
LIEUT.-COL. JAMES TOD
Late Political Agent to the Western Rajput States

Edited with an Introduction and Notes by
WILLIAM CROOKE, CIE.
Hon. D.Sc. Oxon., B.A., F.R.A.l.
Late of the Indian Civil Service

In Three Volumes
VOL. I: GEOGRAPHY OF RAJASTHAN OR RAJPUTANA
[The Annals were completed in 1829]

HUMPHREY MILFORD
Oxford University Press
London Edinburgh Glasgow New York
Toronto Melbourne Bombay
1920 [The edition scanned]

Note: This article is likely to contain several spelling mistakes that occurred during scanning. If these errors are reported as messages to the Facebook page, Indpaedia.com your help will be gratefully acknowledged.

[edit] Book II

This page is an extract from
ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES
OF
RAJASTHAN

OR THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN
RAJPUT STATES OF INDIA

By
LIEUT.-COL. JAMES TOD
Late Political Agent to the Western Rajput States

Edited with an Introduction and Notes by
WILLIAM CROOKE, CIE.
Hon. D.Sc. Oxon., B.A., F.R.A.l.
Late of the Indian Civil Service

In Three Volumes
VOL. II: HISTORY OF THE RAJPUT TRIBES
[The Annals were completed in 1829]

HUMPHREY MILFORD
Oxford University Press
London Edinburgh Glasgow New York
Toronto Melbourne Bombay
1920 [The edition scanned]

Note: This article is likely to contain several spelling mistakes that occurred during scanning. If these errors are reported as messages to the Facebook page, Indpaedia.com your help will be gratefully acknowledged.

[edit] Book III

This page is an extract from
ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES
OF
RAJASTHAN

OR THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN
RAJPUT STATES OF INDIA

By
LIEUT.-COL. JAMES TOD
Late Political Agent to the Western Rajput States

Edited with an Introduction and Notes by
WILLIAM CROOKE, CIE.
Hon. D.Sc. Oxon., B.A., F.R.A.l.
Late of the Indian Civil Service

In Three Volumes
VOL. III: SKETCH OF A FEUDAL SYSTEM IN RAJASTHAN
[The Annals were completed in 1829]

HUMPHREY MILFORD
Oxford University Press
London Edinburgh Glasgow New York
Toronto Melbourne Bombay
1920 [The edition scanned]

Note: This article is likely to contain several spelling mistakes that occurred during scanning. If these errors are reported as messages to the Facebook page, Indpaedia.com your help will be gratefully acknowledged.

[edit] Book IV

This page is an extract from
ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES
OF
RAJASTHAN

OR THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN
RAJPUT STATES OF INDIA

By
LIEUT.-COL. JAMES TOD
Late Political Agent to the Western Rajput States

Edited with an Introduction and Notes by
WILLIAM CROOKE, CIE.
Hon. D.Sc. Oxon., B.A., F.R.A.l.
Late of the Indian Civil Service

In Three Volumes
VOL. IV: ANNALS OF MEWAR
[The Annals were completed in 1829]

HUMPHREY MILFORD
Oxford University Press
London Edinburgh Glasgow New York
Toronto Melbourne Bombay
1920 [The edition scanned]

Note: This article is likely to contain several spelling mistakes that occurred during scanning. If these errors are reported as messages to the Facebook page, Indpaedia.com your help will be gratefully acknowledged.

[edit] Other IPTs

This is an extract from
ANIMAL RESOURCES OF INDIA:
Protozoa to Mammalia
State of the Art.
Zoological Survey of India, 1991.
By Professor Mohammad Shamim Jairajpuri
Director, Zoological Survey of India
and his team of devoted scientists.
The said book was an enlarged, updated version of
The State of Art Report: Zoology
Edited by Dr. T. N. Ananthakrishnan,
Director, Zoological Survey of India in 1980.

Note: This article is likely to have several spelling mistakes that occurred during scanning. If these errors are reported as messages to the Facebook page, Indpaedia.com your help will be gratefully acknowledged.


This is an extract from
ANIMAL RESOURCES OF INDIA:
Protozoa to Mammalia
State of the Art.
Zoological Survey of India, 1991.
By Professor Mohammad Shamim Jairajpuri
Director, Zoological Survey of India
and his team of devoted scientists.
Being an enlarged, updated version of
The State of Art Report: Zoology
Edited by Dr. T. N. Ananthakrishnan,
Director, Zoological Survey of India in 1980.

This is an extract from
ANIMAL RESOURCES OF INDIA:
Protozoa to Mammalia
State of the Art.
Zoological Survey of India, 1991.
By Professor Mohammad Shamim Jairajpuri
Director, Zoological Survey of India
and his team of devoted scientists.
Being an enlarged, updated version of
The State of Art Report: Zoology
Edited by Dr. T. N. Ananthakrishnan,
Director, Zoological Survey of India in 1980.

This is an extract from a British Raj gazetteer pertaining to Sholapur that seems
to have been written in 1884. If a census has been cited but its year of not given,
1881 may be assumed.

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