Revision as of 18:51, 20 June 2022

Barrister Cornelia Sorabji, who was the first Indian woman to study law at Oxford, making a radio broadcast in London circa 1931

Prince K S Ranjitsinhji, Maharaja Jam Sahib of Navanagar, the first Indian to play cricket for England

Queen Victoria, who was made Empress of India in 1876, with her Indian secretary

The first Indians, and other firsts

Britain’s first desi was a Bengali boy

The first woman to study law at Oxford was an Indian, and so was the man behind Britain’s first spa. A new book tells the story of Indian immigrants in the UK

Monica Bathija

The Times of India

A recorded presence since 1614

In 1793, Sake Dean Mohamed, born in Bihar in 1759 and having worked his way up in the East India Company, moved to Cork, Ireland where he wrote the first known Indian travel narrative in English. That’s not the only first to his credit — a shrewd entrepreneur, Mohamed migrated to London in 1808 with his wife Jane and children and opened the first Indian coffee house there. Then, when that business began to fail, he moved to Brighton, reinvented himself, and in 1821 revived the town’s spa culture by opening ‘Vapour Baths’. He went on to become the official ‘shampooing surgeon’ of George IV.

If the predominant myth about Britain’s contemporary South Asian population is that they arrived after the end of World War II, mostly cheap labour from the subcontinent being sought to rebuild a war-torn Britain, Susheila Nasta and Florian Stadtler’s new book Asian Britain: A Photographic History, dispels the notion. The Asian presence in Britain dates back to over 400 years ago when a small population had arrived as early as the formation of the East India Company in 1600.

“One of the first recorded presences of an Indian in Britain was in 1614 when Patrick Copland, a chaplain in the East India Company, returned to England with a Bengali boy,” says Nasta, literary critic and editor of Wasafiri, a literary magazine. The boy was christened Petrus Papa or Peter Pope and brought up as a Christian.

The book explores the interconnections between Britain and India from the period of the so-called ‘Raj’ to the present, directing the lens, so to speak, in the direction of Indians in Britain rather than the other way round. A lot of the focus on Raj history has largely been on the British in India, so the book, says Nasta, “looks, if you like, at the other side of this story, the obvious fact that due to the long trading and political connections between both countries, the traffic was two way.”

Some firsts

Through pictures, the book tells the stories of Cornelia Sorabji, the first woman to read law at Oxford way back in 1892, and suffragette Sophia Duleep Singh who, exploiting her public profile as Queen Victoria’s god-daughter, drew attention to her fight for women’s rights and was often seen selling The Suffragette outside Hampton Court Palace. And though Keith Vaz’s election in 1987 was an important symbolic moment — Vaz was the first Asian MP in Britain since 1929 — the photographs remind us that it was actually Dadabhai Naoroji who was Britain’s first Asian MP in 1892, his concerns ranging from the housing conditions of his Finchley constituents to the imperial drain on India’s resources brought about by empire.

The interconnectedness of the two countries is also a story that moves from the 1886 Colonial and Indian Exhibition where Indians were featured as living exhibits to the over 1.4 million troops that fought alongside British soldiers in the trenches during World War 1. It’s a story about the RAF recruits that flew planes in the Battle of Britain and sari-clad Indian volunteers who helped during air raids. There were also lascars or seamen who ‘stoked the engine of Empire on British steamships’ and were forced by the arduous conditions on board to find more lucrative sources of employment as well as ayahs who worked as nannies for English families on the long sea voyage home and were left to fend for themselves soon after arrival. Not to mention the interesting story where around the time Mohandas Gandhi made his way to Britain to study law, Abdul Karim, who went on to become the Queen’s closest political advisor, first arrived in the royal household as an ordinary waiter.

The elites and the common man all form a part of the narrative. ‘’We wanted to highlight the long history of Asian contribution to Britain but to not try to hide the troubled times or the racism or the difficulties that have been experienced,’’ says Nasta, who has also directed two research projects looking at the early migrant histories of South Asians in Britain.

Migration is, at the best of times, a fraught issue and when you throw colonialism into the mix, it makes for a history that is complicated and intriguing. ‘’There is always a doublespeak going on as is evident from India’s involvement in WW2 which was welcomed and then there was failure to acknowledge this after Independence. Following the migrations of the 1960s, Asians were viewed as strangers flooding Britain’s shores,’’ says Nasta. ‘’And the point about all the pictures is not only what they say but what they don’t say, and the thoughts they provoke about their subject’s different lives in Britain.’

Indians:largest foreign voter group in UK

The Times of India

Jan 30 2015, Kounteya Sinha

6.15L: Indians form largest foreign voter group in UK

Almost 4 million voters ­ about one in 10 of the entire electorate in England and Wales ­ have been found to be born abroad. Indians have emerged the largest chunk in this foreign born electorate.

As many as 615,000 Indians will vote in the upcoming election. The second largest chunk of foreign voters will be Pakistanis ­ 431,000.

Records show the Commonwealth migrant communities (in particular from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria and South Africa) along with the Irish Republic will have the highest numbers of potential voters in May 2015. EU nationals despite their large and growing presence in the UK will be heavily under-represented in May 2015 as a large majority of them have not acquired British citizenship yet.

The migrant electorate is heavily concentrated in London ­ 19 of the 20 seats with the largest migrant voter shares are in Greater London.

The migrant electorate could have decisive power in at least 70 seats.

Crematoria

First ‘purpose-built’ crematorium, 2021

NAOMI CANTON, Dec 19, 2021: The Times of India

LONDON: Hindus in Britain are going to get their first purpose-built Hindu crematorium complete with a large ceremony hall, two private ritual rooms, shower facilities, a crematory hall and a separate canteen building after a landmark decision was made to grant planning permission.

The Planning Inspectorate on December 16 granted Anoopam Mission UK planning permission for the crematorium on its 15-acre site near Denham, allowing its appeal against Buckinghamshire Council, which had refused planning permission on September 4, 2020, stating that it was "an inappropriate development in the green belt, which would encroach on the countryside".

The proposed crematorium will be located in the grounds of the Hindu temple at the Shree Swaminarayan Spiritual Cultural and Community centre and will be able to cater for up to 500 attendees.

In its letter to Buckinghamshire Council, when making the original application, Satish Chatwani, international president of the Anoopam Mission UK, wrote that the "experience of a Hindu" funeral was missing in other crematoria in the UK. The letter explained how death is one of the samskaras (rites of passage) of a Hindu and that even though electric cremators can replaced the tradition of burning the body on a wooden pyre, it is the ceremony and ritual that surrounds the cremation of a Hindu that make a Hindu funeral.

"Cemeteries are provided across the country for the Muslim and Jewish communities to bury and honour their dead as befits their beliefs; that there is no such provision for Hindus to properly carry out this last act of faith is a betrayal of our rights and our contribution to British society," he wrote.

Non-Hindu crematorium services in Britain are much shorter than Hindus require, the crematoriums often cannot accommodate the large numbers that attend Hindu funerals; slots cannot be found in the short time frame after death that Hindus require, there are no dedicated spaces for pre-ceremony rituals such as opening the coffin and carrying out aarti and pradakshina. Nor are there shower facilities or dining facilities. As such, Hindus have to use several venues: the home, the funeral parlour, the crematorium and the temple, disjointing the ceremony.

In her decision, planning inspector Katie McDonald wrote the Hindu community in this area were "disadvantaged by being denied the opportunity to fully observe their cultural and religious beliefs and traditions" and this was so significant that it "outweighed the harm to the green belt. "Just as dedicated cemeteries exist for followers of other faiths in this country, deaths in the Hindu community should be afforded this dignity," she said.

Letters and petitions, with over 2,000 signatures of support, were submitted and Bob Blackman MP and Lord Jitesh Gadhia spoke in favour.

Divorce granted by a foreign court is invalid

Smriti Singh TNN

The Times of India, Oct 9, 2011

NRI divorce: Order by UK court ‘invalid’

Divorce granted by a foreign court to a non-resident Indian (NRI) is invalid where the estranged spouse doesn’t have the means to go to that country and contest the proceedings. A trial court has held this view while hearing the case of a UK-based NRI couple.

The NRI man had obtained divorce decree from an Ilford county court even as his wife had returned to India and not “submitted to the jurisdiction of a foreign court”. The trial court held that the decree granted by the UK court cannot be recognized.

“The fact that the petitioner has been residing in India since December 2009 and did not have the wherewithal to contest the proceedings on merit in the UK court not only created an imbalance and an inequitable situation, but clearly points out that she had not submitted to the jurisdiction of that court,” additional district judge Ina Malhotra said.

The woman (petitioner) had moved the trial court, seeking divorce on the grounds of cruelty. Her husband, however, submitted that their marriage had already been dissolved by a court in UK and had attained finality, and therefore, the application was infructuous. Also, since both the parties were UK residents, the decree was valid, he said.

But the woman’s counsel, Prashant Mendiratta, argued that since she had never subjected herself to the jurisdiction of the UK court adjudicating on the divorce, the decree passed by that court would not be binding on her. Citing various judgments by the Supreme Court on the issue, Mendiratta said that in any case the proper law for dissolution of a marriage solemnized by Hindu rites and ceremonies between two Hindus would be the personal law of the parties, which is the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 — a law not applicable in the UK.

After going through the contentions of both the parties, the court held that the objections raised by the woman fell within the purview of the exceptions of Section 13 of Civil Procedure Code (when foreign judgment not conclusive), rendering the foreign court’s decree null and void. “I find that the apex court has clearly opined that where the foreign judgment is in defiance of Indian law, it could not be said to be conclusive in the matter adjudicated and would be unenforceable in this country,” the judge said.

Economic status

2007-17: Indians, South Asians suffer unfair pay gap

Desis, ethnic minorities suffer unfair pay gap in UK: Report, December 28, 2018: The Times of India

Indians along with other black and Asian minorities in the UK face an unfair pay gap in comparison to their white counterparts, according to a new report released on Thursday.

The Resolution Foundation report says overall Britain’s 1.9-million ethnic minority workers have lost out on 3.2-billion pounds a year due to this “pay penalty” suffered as a result of their background. “We find that between 2007 and 2017 the total annual cost of pay penalties experienced by black, Indian and Pakistani/Bangladeshi men and women would amount to 3.2 billion pounds per year,” says the report.

The research by the UKbased thinktank found that average hourly pay for some ethnic minority groups, such as Indian and black women without degrees, did not differ from white non-graduate women’s pay in a “statistically meaningful way”.

However, once background factors — such as where someone lives or the role they do — were factored in that seemingly non-existent pay gap becomes a statistically significant pay penalty. “All things held equal, Indian non-graduate women earned 44p an hour less and Black non-graduate women 61p an hour less than their white counterparts,” it found.

A UK government spokesperson said “diversity is good for businesses” and it is committed to ensuring the workplace “works for everyone”. “...We’re currently consulting on proposals for mandatory ethnicity pay reporting as part of a series of measures to help employers tackle ethnic disparities.”

2017: Indians, Chinese earn more than white counterparts

Naomi Canton, July 11, 2019: The Times of India

It’s official. Chinese and Indian employees in the UK earn more than their white British counterparts, a new report has revealed.

But employees of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin have the lowest hourly pay of all ethnicities, according to the report “Ethnicity Pay Gaps in Great Britain: 2018”.

The report, which details for the first time earnings and employment statistics for different ethnic groups in Britain, was published by the Office for National Statistics. It found that employees from Chinese and Indian ethnic groups have consistently earned more than white British employees since 2012.

The two ethnic groups with the highest median hourly pay in UK in 2018 were Chinese and Indian with Chinese earning nearly 40% more than their white British counterparts’ hourly earnings at £15.75 (Rs 1,347) while ethnic Indian staffers earn 12% more, with average hourly pay of £13.47 (Rs 1,152). Those from mixed/multiple ethnic groups also earn more than white British with average hourly pay of £12.33 (Rs 1,054). The median pay of white British employees stands at £12.03 (Rs 1,028) per hour. The ethnic group that has the lowest median hourly pay is Bangladeshi at £9.60 (Rs 821), 20% less than white British, followed by Pakistani at £10 (Rs 855) per hour, which is nearly17% less. The pay gap data was commissioned as part of a government examination into the barriers faced by people from ethnic groups in the workplace. This followed a 2017 report, “Race in the Workplace”, which said equal progression across ethnicities could be worth an additional £24 billion (a little over Rs 2 lakh crore) to the UK’s economy per year. Despite being at the top, the largest pay difference between men and women in 2018 was for the Indian ethnic group, with Indian men earning 23% more per hour than Indian women compared to Chinese men who earn 19% more per hour than Chinese women, and white British men who earn 18.5% more than white British women.

The ethnic group with the highest employment rate is white other (such as white Australian and white European) at nearly 82%, followed by white British at 76.4% , with Indian in third place, ahead of Chinese at nearly 76%. Pratik Dattani, MD of economic research firm EPG, based in London and India, said: “As there are four times as many Indians as Chinese in Britain, the data underlines the unmatched value that Indians create for the British economy.” Jasvir Singh, founding chair of City Sikhs, said: “Recent research has shown that there are more people called ‘Steve’ heading FTSE 100 firms than there are individuals from ethnic minorities. More needs to be done to ensure that people from all backgrounds are supported in the workplace .”

Indian students

Indian students in the UK, year-wise

2010-15: Indian students in UK universities

The Times of India

Kounteya Sinha

May 19, 2015

UK sees 50% dip in Indian students since 2010

The number of Indian students traveling to the United Kingdom for studies has fallen by a whopping 50% since 2010, latest statistics have revealed. New research from London First and Price Waterhouse Coopers has found that international students are a boon to the UK, bringing a net benefit of £2.3 billion to the economy from London universities alone.

However, the key areas of concern raised by students include the closure of the Tier 1 (Post Study Work) visa route which is the main reason for Indian students to explore countries like Canada and Australia for higher education besides a very short "grace period" between graduation and expiry of their student visa during which time students would need to find a job offer from an employer that could sponsor them under Tier 2 in order to remain in the UK.

The report says that "since the 2009/10 academic year, the number of international students from India has fallen by 50% whereas the number of international students from China has increased by more than 50%".

This fall saw the number of Indian students in UK in 2013 dipping to as low as 19750 making up only 6% share of total students. Even then, Indians made up the second highest chunk of international students n UK.

Nicola Dandridge, chief executive of Universities UK said that Indian students were being put off by an unwelcome visa regime. "A number of worrying signs remain - not least the continued decline in Indian students - almost by a remarkable 49% between 2010 and 2012," she said.

Interestingly the latest analysis by London Calling dismisses the myth that international students are a burden on public services, such as the NHS.

Instead, they were shown to contribute a total of £2.8 billion through the spending they bring to the country, while only consuming £540 million in public spending.

The report recommends "UK should follow the lead of other countries such as Canada and Australia and stop classifying students as immigrants. They are here for a short time only and by choosing to study in the UK, they are contributing to jobs, growth and cultural understanding in this country. The government should reinstate the automatic option or make it easier for international students to work here for a few years after graduation".

International students in UK universities come from over 190 countries. The UK is just below the US in terms of the total number and diversity of international students in its higher education institutions. Around 30% of international students across all UK HE institutions were of Chinese descent (87,895 out of a total international student population in UK HE institutions of 310,195) with other common nationalities including India (6%), Nigeria (6%), and Malaysia (5%).

In total, during the 2013/14 academic year, international students contributed £1,003 million in fee income to London universities. The report said "We estimate that the direct income from tuition fees contributed £1,317 million to UK GDP; £717 million directly, £183 million via the supply chain and £417 million via the spending of employees.

In addition, the £1,003 million in tuition fee income from international students generated a total of 32,800 jobs. We estimate that, in total, friends and relatives that visit international students in London spent £62 million in 2013/14. This spending will contribute £65 million to UK GDP".

In 2013-14 there were almost 67,500 international students attending London universities - making up 18% of the total student population in the capital, and 22% of the 310,000 international students across the UK. The decline in Indian students choosing to study at UK universities has been flagged up as a worrying trend as a new study said that international students coming here contribute nearly 2.3 billion pounds to the British economy every year.

2014: 3rd in generating London's revenue

The Times of India, Oct 22 2015

Some facts, Indian students in the UK; Graphic courtesy: The Times of India, Oct 22 2015

Kounteya Sinha  Indian students 3rd in generating London's revenue

Indian students in London were the third largest revenue generator for the city last year, contributing £130 million. London mayor Boris Johnson's first-of-its-kind analysis has found that Indian students paid £56 million in fees and nearly £74 million in living costs, with the money creating and supporting 1,643 jobs. But the report also confirms a major fall in Indian students in the UK -from 10% of all international students in London in 2010 to around 4% in 2014. While Chinese student numbers have grown by 49% since 2009-10, the Indian numbers have continued to decline, falling by 11% year on year.

“Indian students coming to London and the rest of the UK have approximately halved over the last five years,“ the report says.

“In 200910 London welcomed 9,925 Indian students which fell to 4,790 in 201314.“

Kevin McCarthy , head of Study London, told TOI: “Indian students, like Indian businesses, play an important part in London's economy . Our research shows they are a key contributor to the £3-billion international students make to the economy . The recent fall in Indian students has clearly had a negative impact on their contribution to the UK economy“.

International students studying at London universities last year provided a £3 billion boost to the UK economy . China was the biggest contributor (estimated spend: £407 million), followed by the US (£217 million). Money spent in the UK by international students created 37,000 jobs, according to a new report by London & Partners, the mayor of London's official promotional company . Spending by international students increased by 18% compared to four years ago and by 98% when compared to 2005-06.

Students from the US were the highest contributors per capita, spending £33,600 per year on average. In 2014, London had welcomed over 106,000 international students.

2014: Number of Indian students in universities 10% lower

The Times of India, Jan 16 2016

Kounteya Sinha

No. of Indians in UK univs fell by 10% in 2014

The number of Indian students at British universities fell by 10% in 2014 in a blow to the country's education sector. According to latest figures released, the US is now sending more students to the UK than India, pushing it down to third slot in the rankings. In 2010, 9,650 American students enrolled in British universities, while 23,970 Indians secured admissions there. The number of American students increased to 10,205 while that of Indians fell to 10,125 four years later.

The British Council has described the dwindling numbers as “alarming“.

The number of Chinese students increased from 44,805 in 2010 to 58,845 in 2014.

The UK's decision to scrap the post-study work visa has been described as one of the reasons for the fall in the number of Indian students. Prime Minister David Cameron has refused to reintroduce the visa.

Scotland has written to Cameron expressing surprise and disappointment over his refusal to reintroduce post-study work visa. Indian students in London alone were third largest revenue generators for the city with £130 million contribution in 2014.

London mayor Boris Johnson's analysis has found Indian students paid £56 million in fees and nearly £74 million in living costs. The money created and supported 1,643 jobs. “Indian students coming to London and the rest of the UK have approximately halved over the last five years,“ he said.

Student nos. decline. 24,000 in 2010> 10,000 in 2016

Indian student numbers at UK univs fall sharply: Report September 12, 2018: The Times of India

Increasing worldwide competition to attract international students has led to a sharp fall in the number of Indian students coming to UK universities, a new report commissioned by the government warned.

The Migration Advisory Committee (MAC) had been tasked by the UK Home Office to study the impact of international students in the UK and recommend any changes to the country’s visa regime that might be required. But while it acknowledged the sharp drop in Indian student numbers in recent years, it sought to blame that largely on “adverse” media coverage. “The UK’s market of students from India has fallen sharply in recent years, while it remains stable for students from China. The number of students from India fell from a peak of 24,000 in 2010-11 to fewer than 10,000 in 2016-17,” the report notes, which it says reflects a fall by 11 percentage points since 2010.

“This is probably connected to the ending of some sponsor licences and the change in the post-study work offer. There has also been adverse coverage of the UK as a place to study in the Indian press,” it adds.

It recommended an overall easier transition from student to work visas for talented applicants, including extending the limited post-study leave period from the current three to six months for Masters students. But it dismissed the need for an exclusive poststudy visa route, seen as central to attracting students from countries like India.

University chiefs have been campaigning for a dedicated post-study visa route, most recently with representative body Universities UK proposing a new ‘Global Graduate Talent Visa’ to allow qualified international students to work in a skilled job in the UK for a period of two years after graduation.

Length of stay in the UK

2016-17: Most leave after their degree course

Most desis quit UK after their degree course, August 25, 2017: The Times of India

The majority of Indian students who go to the UK for higher education tend to leave at the end of their course, according to official data released on Thursday .

Between April 2016 and April 2017, 7,469 Indians left before the expiry of their student visas, with only 2,209 seeking extension, the UK's Office of National Statistics said.

The data also confirms a massive drop in the number of Indians choosing the UK as a destination for education. Indian students accounted for approximately 7% of visas granted in 2016, and around one in five in 2010.

2018-19/ an increase of 42%

NAOMI CANTON, August 24, 2019: The Times of India

Number of Indians in UK for studies and work up sharply

LONDON: Unperturbed by Brexit and the discontinuation of the two-year post-study work visa, Indian skilled workers, tourists and students are flocking to Britain.

The number of Indian students choosing to study in Britain has shot up 42% in the past year (July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019) and the number of Tier 4 (student) visas issued to Indians is now at its highest level since 2011-2012 at 21,881, according to the latest immigration statistics released by the UK home office.

In 2011 Theresa May, when home secretary, abolished the two-year post-study work visa that had made Britain an attractive place for Indian students. That had led to a 55% drop in Indian student numbers coming to Britain, from 51,218 in 2010-2011 to 22,757 in 2011-2012. It went down further to 15,388 in 2017-2018.

Perhaps drawn by the weak pound, “immigration statistics, year ending June 2019”, also show that more than half a million (5,03,599) Indian nationals received visitor visas to the UK. Chinese and Indian nationals together accounted for just under half (49%) of all visitor visas granted with the number of Indian visitor visas granted up by 48,907 (11%) on the previous year. The statistics reveal that Indian citizens got the fourth-highest total number of UK visas of all nationalities in 2018 — 1.45 million. Only Americans, Chinese and Australians got more.

India retained its place as the top country being granted Tier 2 (skilled work) visas with 56,322 granted in the past year, significantly more than any other country. The next highest was the US at 9,693.

The number of Tier 1 visas being issued to Indians also increased between July 2018 and June 2019 to 306 compared to 216 the year before. In that period, apart from other categories of Tier 1 visas granted to Indians, 12 were granted Tier 1 (investor) visas — “golden visas” that can be bought for £2 million — and 72 Indians received Tier 1 (exceptional talent) visas.

“These new visa figures underline the strong UK-India relationship, especially the people-to-people links and, of course, the business-to-business connections that are driving our shared prosperity,” said Kevin McCole chief operating officer, UK-India Business Council.

“Indians are clearly making an increasingly invaluable contribution to UK life — business, academia, and society generally. As the UK leaves the EU, there is definitely scope to deepen these links and grow the Indian impact in the UK,” McCole said.

“We’re delighted to see the increase in numbers of Indian students coming to the UK and can confirm we feel this on the ground with the sheer number of enquiries our team is dealing with on a daily basis,” said National Indian Students & Alumni Union UK founder and chairperson Sanam Arora.

“Brexit has played a big part in the revamped hope for a post-study work visa, but more importantly it is the motion moved by Boris Johnson’s brother Jo Johnson (an MP) that has really instilled hope amongst Indian students that Britain is indeed welcoming them again,” she said.

Jo Johnson has tabled an amendment to a bill, making its way through Parliament, to re-introduce the two-year post-study work scheme. Currently students can stay for six months after they graduate. “A word of caution to all Indian students though — there is a widespread rumour being deliberately spread by unscrupulous actors that there is now a two-year post-study work visa in the UK. Many students are basing their decisions to come to the UK with this as a key factor. We have clarified this in a number of forums and issued an advisory as well,” Arora added.

2019: 63% rise in Indian students

Nov 29, 2019: The Times of India

There has been a 63% increase in Indian student visas to UK as per the latest immigration statistics.

According to a media release issued by the British High Commission, New Delhi, the latest UK Immigration Statistics show that over 30,000 Indian students received a Tier 4 (study) visa for the year ending September 2019 — up from almost 19,000 the previous year. India is second only to China, which also recorded a 21% increase from that of last year.

The commission termed it as remarkable as the rise yearon-year is almost four times as fast as the global rate.

The latest statistics also indicate that more than 5,12,000 Indian nationals received visit visas to UK — a 9% increase compared to the previous year.

Overall, it is estimated that more than 1 in 5 of all UK visas go to Indian nationals and 90% of Indian applications are successful. This is higher than the global average. Indian nationals also accounted for nearly 51% of all Tier 2 visas granted globally – with over 56,000 Indians receiving skilled work visas in the reporting period.

High commissioner to India, Dominic Asquith, said: “Once again the statistics show that more Indians are choosing to study at the UK’s world-class educational institutions. This is now the third consecutive year in which the numbers have increased. It is important to us, because these young leaders of tomorrow will reinforce the living bridge that connects India and the UK.”

Economic impact of Indian students

As in 2020

Naomi Canton, ’13 UK varsities could go bust if desis stay away’, July 6, 2020: The Times of India

Univs Could Lose Between £1.4bn And £4.3bn In Income: Report

London:

British universities could lose anywhere between £1.4 billion (Rs 13,000 crore) and £4.3 billion (Rs 40,000 crore) in income from enrolment of Indian students because of the pandemic, potentially causing 13 of them to go bust if there is no bailout, a report published by the Institute for Fiscal Studies warns.

Around half of the usual quota of international students aren’t expected to enrol for courses in UK universities this September, states the report. “I would not be surprised if there was a 50% drop in Indian students this September,” Amit Tiwari, president of the Indian National Students Association UK, said. “They pay three times what domestic students pay, and so this will have a devastating impact.” According to the report titled “Will universities need a bailout to survive the Covid-19 crisis”, the overall loss of income because of a drop in international students is estimated to be between £3 billion (Rs 27,000 crore) and £19 billion (Rs 1,77,000 crore).

Last year, 37,540 Indian students joined British universities. But according to a survey by the National Indian Students and Alumni Union UK, 64% of those who have applied for a place this year, including many who have offers, do not have adequate information to reach a decision yet on whether to enrol. They are concerned about whether courses will be online as well as about travel and quarantine restrictions and local lockdowns.

“They don’t want to pay big amounts of money to study in Britain if the course is part or fully online,” alumni union chairperson Sanam Arora said. “That is why many have not paid their deposit.” Eighty per cent of Indians surveyed said they wouldn’t enrol if teaching moved wholly online. Around 55% would accept their places if the courses were initially online and then offline, and the fees were discounted. Cambridge University has announced all lectures will be delivered online for the next academic year while London School of Economics has said all its lectures and large-group teaching will be online in autumn term. Students also want assurances they will get repatriated if international borders are closed and that they will not be be left penniless and starving if there is a local lockdown or a second wave of infections, Arora said. These apprehensions stem from reports about Indian students being left in dire straits in Britain during the first wave of the pandemic.

Indians in British politics

See Indians in British politics

Indian investment in the UK

Indians: second job creators in London

The Times of India

Job creation in UK, year-wise: 2012-15; Graphic courtesy: The Times of India

May 20 2015

Kounteya Sinha

In 2012, India created 404 jobs in London followed by 429 in 2013 and 438 in 2014.

With a tally of 504, Indians have become the second biggest job creators in London in 2015. The Americans top the list with 1983 jobs, latest data released by London and Partners on Tuesday show. In comparison, China, which is investing heavily in the UK, created only 277 jobs.

Indian companies have already created 504 new jobs in 2015 in London alone -second only to the Americans who created 1983 jobs. China which is investing heavily in UK created only 277 jobs.

The number of jobs being created by Indian companies for Londoners has been increasing with every passing year. In 2012, India created 404 jobs in London followed by 429 in 2013 and 438 in 2014.

More foreign companies -driven by a surge in tech startups -are expanding or setting up headquarters in London than ever before. A record 270 companies, creating nearly 5,000 jobs, have set up or grown significantly in the last year, according to the Mayor's business and promotional company .

As far as new companies are concerned, 28 new Indian companies set up shop in London in 2015 -four higher than the Chinese and second only to America. Global giants like Pfizer, Greenland Group and Tata Elxsi have all expanded or created new headquarters in London. f A decade ago, just 26 tech t companies came to London s but, last financial year there were a record 108. London and a Partners said, “Companies l from India, China, Japan, Australia, Spain and France are also key investors, creating many jobs in tech, financial and business services and the life science industry.“

2018-19

April 25, 2019: The Times of India

Indian investment in UK on rise despite Brexit: Report

LONDON: The number of Indian companies investing in the UK registered a jump over the previous year despite the ongoing uncertainties around Brexit, according to a new report tracking Indian investments in the UK.

The annual 'India Meets Britain Tracker' released in London on Wednesday finds that the number of Indian companies doing business in Britain has increased from 800 in 2018 to 842 in 2019, with a combined turnover of 48 billion pounds. The report, published by business advisory firm Grant Thornton UK LLP and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), revealed a more than doubling of the corporation tax paid by these companies to hit 684 million pounds, up from 360 million pounds in the previous year.

"The headline figures in the tracker are startling. They are testament to the strength and entrepreneurialism of the Indian business community, with some companies growing by more than 100 per cent year on year," UK minister for investment Graham Stuart said at the launch.

The minister pointed out that the figures are likely to see a further jump from next year, when the UK's corporation tax, from the current level of 19 per cent, will drop to 17 per cent.

"We will always welcome Indian investments and we recognise India's importance as one of our most critical bilateral investors," he said.

Among some of the other highlight figures from the tracker, 24 per cent of Indian companies in the UK have at least one woman on their board, up from 19 per cent last year, and they employ an estimated 104,783 people in the country.

"The report brings out in such graphic terms the contribution that Indian businesses are making to the UK. We all wondered how the Brexit process would have affected the investment sentiment from India and now we have the answer – Indian business retains its positive outlook towards the UK," said Ruchi Ghanashyam, the Indian high commissioner to the UK.

The report, now in its sixth year, provides a tracker of the fastest growing Indian companies in the UK with turnover of more than 5 million pounds, year-on-year revenue growth of at least 10 per cent and a minimum two-year track-record in the UK.

Among these Accord Healthcare Ltd, Milpharm Ltd and Secure Meters (UK) Ltd have been consistently recorded as fast growing ever since the Tracker was launched in 2014.

Anuj Chande, partner and head of South Asia Group at Grant Thornton UK LLP, noted: "Given the continuing uncertainty driven by the UK's exit from the European Union (EU), it is encouraging to see that Indian investors continue to invest confidently in the UK and in fact, there are now more Indian businesses active in the UK than ever before."

"The fall in the value of sterling has also had a role to play, making UK assets increasingly attractive to overseas investors. Low rates of corporation tax and the ease of doing business in the UK also remain significant draws."

Lakshmi Kaul, head & representative – UK, CII, added: "As India's economy continues to grow, Indian companies will increasingly have greater choice over where to invest and the UK must ensure that, beyond Brexit, it remains a leading investment destination."

Three companies in this year's tracker reported growth of more than 100 per cent, with the fastest growing of these being TMT Metal Holdings Limited, with a growth rate of 649 per cent. This was followed by Route Mobile (UK) Limited, which reported growth of 189 per cent, and BB (UK) Ltd, which achieved turnover growth of almost 129 per cent.

At an awards ceremony to coincide with the tracker launch, TMT bagged the fastest growing company award for the year and Route Mobile won the award in the tech category. Tata Motors Limited was named the top employer in the UK, employing over 43,000 people, and Union Bank of India was named the fastest growing financial services company.

As in the previous years, technology and telecom companies dominate the tracker, accounting for 35 per cent of the fastest-growing companies. Engineering and manufacturing companies are the next in line, accounting for 16 per cent, followed by pharmaceutical and chemicals companies at 15 per cent.

Indians: Largest overseas born population in UK

The Times of India, July 3, 2015

Kounteya Sinha

Indians have now become UK's biggest overseas born population.

Data released by Office of National Statistics shows that the number of Indians living in UK is four times more than the Chinese and Americans, over three times more than those of Bangladeshi and German origin and two times more than those from Ireland.

The number of Indians have grown by half since 2004 with 7.6 lakh of them living in UK now. India is followed by those of Polish origin (8.88 lakhs), Pakistani (5.16 lakh), Irish (3.78 lakhs), German (2.97 lakhs) and Bangladeshis (2.28 lakhs).

UK is also home to 2.2 lakh people of South African origin, 1.97 lakh who are Americans, 1.91 lakh from China and 1.85 lakhs from Nigeria.

The latest numbers also point to the growing clout Indians enjoy in British society.

The importance of India to UK was reflected with British prime minister visiting India over three times since taking over office in 2010, the only country he has travelled to so many times in his first term in office.

The number of immigrants living in the UK went up by more than 2.6million in a decade and there is now one immigrant for every seven people born in Britain.

In 2004, there were 5,258,000 people living in Britain who were born overseas and 53,907,000 people who were born in Britain.

By 2013, the estimates said, there were 7,921,000 people in Britain who were born abroad, and 55,309,000 born in the UK.

The changing face of British streets also changed the election results during the landmark general election in UK in May.

The House of Commons welcomed the highest number of MPs from ethnic minority backgrounds. As many as 42 MPs are now from ethnic minority backgrounds as against 27 earlier.

Britain is often considered the world's most diverse country.

By 2040, the number of foreign-born and non-white residents in UK is expected to double and account for a third of the population.

One of the world's best experts on demographics - Professor David Coleman from the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford recently predicted that by 2070, white Britons may actually become a minority.

Prime minister David Cameron has gone on record saying his party will give Britain its first Asian prime minister.

The longest serving MP of Indian origin Keith Vaz said "I am convinced that in my lifetime a person of Indian origin will become PM of UK. The Indian diaspora is one of the largest and most historical of ethnic groups in the UK, we can already see the influence of this community in politics, and indeed the potential for British-Indian leaders to emerge to the very top positions including the Premiership of the UK".

Real estate

2013-15: Property in Mayfair

The Times of India Feb 24 2015

Kounteya Sinha

Indians have overtaken Russians to become the wealthiest landlords in Britain’s most expensive commercial district — Mayfair in London. Indian purchasers are now the largest group of overseas buyers in Mayfair comprising 25% of all purchasers and well ahead of other Asian and European buyers (19% of all purchasers) and Russians and Middle Eastern buyers who now comprise just 13% each. Indian billionaires have invested as much as £881million ($1.5 billon) in central London properties in past 18 months.

Up to £440 million ($750m) was spent between wealthy home owners across 221 capital homes in 2013 with Mayfair and Belgravia being the most popular locations. Renowned Mayfair estate agency Wetherell estimate that at the height of each British summer some 3,000 ultrahigh net worth (UHNW) Indian families make Mayfair their address, living in London homes, renting property or staying in luxury hotels.

Figures from the land registry show that overseas based Indian buyers spent almost £450 million purchasing some 221 residential properties in prime central London with the top three most popular locations being Mayfair, St Johns Wood and Belgravia.

Indians have also accounted for more than one in four purchases in central London during the same period. That is second only to Britons, with Russians and Middle Eastern buyers together adding up to 13%.

Wetherell said, “Russians have long ranked first among foreign buyers in terms of their spending power. There’s a new nationality encroaching on their prime property turf — Indians. Indian buyers will typically spend anything from £1million to £20 million on purchasing a home in Mayfair, with 70% buying an apartment or penthouse and the balance acquiring a mansion.” Wetherell highlight that super-prime developers owned by UK or overseas based UHNW Indian families are al so set to undertake over £500 million of new residential development in Mayfair over the next five years.

Examples include the Lodha Group, which recently purchased the Canadian embassy building in Grosvenor Square for £306 million. They plan to turn the 135,000sqft property into a scheme of over 40 luxury residences.

Another luxury developer Luxlo has undertaken a series of residential developments in Mayfair, including penthouses in Park Lane, which have sold for over £4,000 a sqft and Aion, whose ultra-prime apartment at 18 Grosvenor Square is priced at a record £5,130 per sqft.

2016-17: in 22% of real estate transactions in prime London

William DSouza, Indians now No. 2 in London realty deals, October 24, 2017: The Times of India

Indian portion in central london realty deals, 2012-17; Central London property transactions, August 2016-July 2017
From: William DSouza, Indians now No. 2 in London realty deals, October 24, 2017: The Times of India

Up Fourfold In 5 Years, Just Behind Chinese

The prime central London property market has thrown up an interesting trend -the phenomenal rise of Indians in this high-profile realty market.

Research shared by property consultancy Cluttons' partner and head of research Faisal Durrani shows that, between August 2016 and July 2017, Indian participation amounted to 22% of all real estate transactions in prime central London. “It has been noted recently that there has been an upturn in Indian buyers, making up about a fifth at nearly 4 billion pounds out of a total 18 billion pounds,“ said Durrani.

This is also supported by real estate services firm Cushman & Wakefield's partner (residential ­ London markets) Mike Bickerton. “Indian UK property investments accounted for only 5% of sales in central London five years ago in 2012. By 2017, that figure had jumped to 22%,“ he said.

Cluttons' Durrani said the last peak in this market was seen 10 years ago in Q3 (July-September) of 2007. “If somebody purchased then in rupees, today they would find that their property is worth 20% more than what they paid for it 10 years ago (due to the Indian currency's movement). So that means there's a strong incentive to sell,“ he said.

Dollar-denominated deals offer an incentive too for adding the London property portfolio. “For Indian buyers with holdings in US dollars, the advantage is that it is 30% cheaper today than it was 10 years ago. So, there is a very strong incentive to purchase London residential today ,“ said Durrani.

He made it clear that this is purely a currency advantage.“It is not because values in London have fallen 30%, because that hasn't happened,“ said Durrani.

Studies commissioned by Taylor Wimpey Central London, a part of the FTSE100listed Taylor Wimpey Plcand a leading developer in this niche market, also have come up with similar research on the forex fluctuations aiding the realty market globally .

The developer's sales & marketing director Darren McCormack said, “We've engaged quite a few forex companies to try and gauge this.And a lot of them reckon that it's going to take a good handful of years to get back to its previous strength. So, this advantage is going to stay for the overseas buyers.“

Rich list

2022

Indians in the UK Rich list in 2022
From: May 25, 2022: The Times of India

See graphic:

Indians in the UK Rich list in 2022.

Sikhs

2020: Not to be recorded as ethnic group

Naomi Canton, November 7, 2020: The Times of India

Sikhs will not be recorded as an ethnic group in the 2021 UK census after a Sikh community group lost its longdrawn battle in the high court to challenge the ethnicity responses. The group incurred Rs 1.4 crore in legal fees. Handing down judgment, Justice Choudhury rejected the third judicial review claim brought by Amrik Singh Gill, chair of Sikh Federation UK.

Gill was seeking a court declaration that the census was unlawful because it was based on recommendations made by the Office of National Statistics (ONS) that were reached following an unlawful evaluation process. He was also seeking a court order quashing the census. The federation claims the lack of a Sikh ethnic tick-box option in the census has led to a substantial undercounting of the Sikh population in UK. Choudhury dismissed the federation’s arguments, namely that the ONS failed to follow its own published policy on evaluating new tick-boxes and that it applied secret unpublished evaluation criteria instead.

The image of migrants from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan

2018

Indians among favoured migrants in UK: Survey, May 7, 2018: The Times of India

Indian migrants have a more positive image in the UK as compared to other South Asian communities, according to a recent opinion poll. In comparison, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis were in the negative territory. The YouGov poll, conducted last month among 1,668 British citizens, asked a series of questions about the kind of contribution immigrants from various parts of the world make to British life.

Immigrants from India received a strong figure of +25 on the question about making a positive contribution to British life. In comparison, other South Asian counterparts were in negative territory. Pakistanis scored a negative figure of -4 and Bangladeshis -3. Net figures are calculated by taking away the figure for “negative contribution” from the figure for “positive contribution”.

The figures come against the backdrop of a growing debate around the atmosphere for migrants in the UK.

In a House of Commons debate earlier this week, the Opposition Labour party had warned that the recent Windrush scandal engulfs immigrants from many Commonwealth countries, including “those who came from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh”.

The scandal relates to thousands of Commonwealth citizens who came to Britain many decades ago when there was little need for formal paperwork and are now legally resident in Britain but may not have all the documents to prove it. The YouGov survey concluded that overall public opinion in the UK towards immigration remains negative.

Around 63%t of people believe that immigration into Britain in the last 10 years has been too high and around 32% thinking it has been mostly bad for Britain.

Visa grants, year-wise

2015-16: Largest skilled workers group

The Times of India, May 27 2016

Indian nationals accounted for the largest number of migrants being granted skilled visas to work in the UK in the last year, latest statistics said.

Indian nationals accounted for 57% of total skilled work visas granted, which adds up to 52,109 of the total 91,833, with Americans the next largest nationality group at 9,981 or 11% of the total, the UK's Office of National Statistics (ONS) data said.“Trends in visa numbers reflect both changes to the im migration rules and the prevalent economic environment. Asian nationals accounted for 298,231 (56%) of the 531,375 longer-term visas granted in YE March 2016, with China and India accounting for 17% and 16% of the total respectively.

“The third largest number granted went to US nationals, who comprised less than 7%,“ an ONS statement said. Indians are also among the top three nationalities to be granted study visas by the United Kingdom.

2016-17: Largest skilled workers group

Indians are largest group of foreign skilled workers in UK, Feb 24, 2017: The Times of India

Indians were the largest group of skilled workers granted visas to live and work in the UK in 2016-17 at 57%, according to official figures.

The UK home office said Indians accounted for 53,575 skilled work visas granted in 2016, and Americans were the second largest at 9,348. “Indians accounted for 57% of total skilled work visas granted (53,575 of 93,244)...The information technology sector sponsored 42% of skilled work visa applications, followed by professional, scientific and technical (19%) and financial and insurance activi ties (12%),“ the Office of National Statistics said.

Indians also accounted for over half of the applications made in the sponsored skilled visa category last year at 30,556 of the total 56,058 applications. “Indians were issued the largest proportion (40% of the total) of skilled work vi sas in the 2010 cohort and, of these skilled Indians , 32% had received settlement after five years, while a further 12% still had valid leave to remain in the UK,“ it said.

The student visa figures for India registered a slight uptick with 11,330 granted in 2016, up from 11,160 in 2015.“For us, mobility is key for our services sector. There has to be a system where our professionals can come to the UK and return. They contribute immensely to both the economies,“ Indian high commissioner to the UK, Yashvardhan r Sinha said.

See also

Indians in British politics

UK-India relations