Latest revision as of 20:50, 13 July 2026

Disinvestment of public sector assets in India, 2011-15; Graphic courtesy: The Times of India, October 27, 2015

PSUs disinvested between 1999 and 2017 and the amount obtained from their sale; The Times of India, May 8, 2017

[edit] Year-wise progress

[edit] 2010-18

Surojit Gupta, Govt may miss divestment target in FY19, January 5, 2019: The Times of India

Disinvestment of public sector assets in India, 2010-18
From: Surojit Gupta, Govt may miss divestment target in FY19, January 5, 2019: The Times of India

Choppy Market Adds To Govt’s Share Sale Woes

The government may end up with a shortfall of Rs 10,000-15,000 crore in disinvestment receipts for the current fiscal year, which may pose some worries for the Centre battling a tough fiscal situation.

Data from the department of investment and public management (Dipam) showed that the government has so far raised Rs 34,142 crore against the budget target of raising Rs 80,000 crore from share sale in state-run companies. Officials said there are several factors which point to the government missing the disinvestment target this year.

“The stock market has been volatile and this has meant that we have delayed accessing the market for follow-on issues,” said an official who did not wish to be identified, adding that they are watching the situation closely.

With nearly three months left for the financial year to come to an end, the target looks tough. Adding to the choppy markets is the holiday season, which delays the decision making process.

Finance minister Arun Jaitley has vowed to meet the disinvestment target set for this fiscal year, but officials at Dipam appear nervous about the prospect. They expect about Rs 14,000 crore from the PFC acquiring REC and another Rs 10,000 crore or so from buyback of shares by public sector enterprises and some small share sales.

The government is also hopeful of wrapping up at least three strategic sales, which should bring in some much-needed funds and help inch towards the overall target from share sales. Officials at Dipam said Rs 2,000-3,000 crore is expected from a remaining portion of an ETF, which will be completed soon.

After several years, the government surpassed the budget target of raising money from share sales in staterun firms. In 2017-18, the government raised Rs 100,057 crore against the stiff revised target of Rs 100,000 crore.

[edit] 2010-19

Disinvestment of public sector assets in India, 2010-19
From: February 2, 2019: The Times of India

See graphic:

Disinvestment of public sector assets in India, 2010-19

[edit] 2014-17

Govt tops divestment target, nets over Rs 46k cr, April 1, 2017: The Times of India

Disinvestment receipt, 2012-17, year-wise; Govt tops divestment target, nets over Rs 46k cr, April 1, 2017: The Times of India

The government has managed to scale its budget target for disinvestment and closed the financial year (2016-17) with record receipts of Rs 46,247 crore, compared with the revised estimate of Rs 45,500 crore after it deployed all tools at its disposal.

Although the mop-up is lower than the budget estimate of over Rs 67,000 crore, the shortfall is on account of the Centre's inability to push through strategic sales, including easier options such as ITDC hotels, many of which are to be sold to state governments. It has, however, booked the sale of shares such as L&T, which were held by the Specified Undertaking of the erstwhile Unit Trust of India, as strategic sale which help the government raise Rs 10,779 crore.

But, this is by far a record year for disinvestment, surpassing the 2014-15 level of Rs 24,277 crore. The department of investment and public asset management (Dipam) used all instruments -from initial public offer and follow-on issues to offer for sale via stock exchanges, block deals, exchange traded fund and share buybacks -to raise the funds, which will provide some cushion to the government . If the tax proceeds are in line with the revised estimates, the government may actually end up bettering the fiscal de ficit target of 3.5% of GDP during 2016-17. In any case it has prodded several PSUs, led by oil firms, coal and power sector firms, to cough up special dividend.

This year's disinvestment receipts also include Rs 530 crore from sale of shares to employees of six public sector companies -IndianOil, NTPC, Engineer's India Ltd, NHPC, DCIL and Concor -after the government managed to get Sebi to tweak rules to make the issues more attractive.

The rules allow for allotting 5% of the shares to employees and came with a cap of Rs 2 lakh, which often left shares unsold. The government managed to convince the market regulator to raise the ceiling to Rs 5 lakh. But, the enhanced limit could only be used if shares were unsold after all bidders for up to Rs 2 lakh investment had been exhausted.

[edit] 2014-19

Disinvestment of public sector assets in India, 2014-19
From: July 25, 2019: The Times of India

See graphic, ‘Disinvestment of public sector assets in India, 2014-19  ’

[edit] 2017-19

Disinvestment receipts, 2017-19
From: July 6, 2019: The Times of India

See graphic, ' Disinvestment receipts, 2017-19 '

[edit] 2019-24

Disinvestment in the Indian public sector, 2019-24
From: July 18, 2024: The Times of India

See graphic:

Disinvestment in the Indian public sector, 2019-24

[edit] 2026 Q1: disinvestment and asset sales

June 10, 2026: The Times of India

New Delhi : Over two months into the financial year, the Centre has raked in around Rs 20,000 crore from disinvestment and asset sales, pushing ahead with its strategy to raise resources through non-tax revenue route in face of the mounting subsidy bill due to the West Asia conflict. The funds raised so far are around 25% of the full-year target.


Already, the fertiliser ministry has sought doubling of subsidy in the current fiscal, budgeted at Rs 1.7 lakh crore, with govt also urging domestic players to step up fertiliser manufacturing amid rising prices. There is additional uncertainty over ship availability and several fertiliser suppliers opting out of the market.


Besides, Centre has given support of over Rs 1.2 lakh crore to the oil sector, including excise cuts, to cushion the impact of the high crude prices.

No need to review spending plans: Official

Oil companies have increased prices, and further hikes, in tranches, are likely. The Centre will also have to provide subsidy for cooking gas cylinders as oil companies are incurring losses of around Rs 700 crore a day currently.


While spending cuts or realignments are not planned at the moment, a senior official ruled out seeking parliamentary nod for additional expenditure during the monsoon session. A clearer picture on the revenue and expenditure front will emerge around midJuly when the first quarter trends are available. “There is no need to review our spending plans at the moment as we had factored in global uncertainty when the budget was presented,” said an official. 


But the disruptions caused since the West Asia conflict began has prodded the finance ministry towards more fund raising through disinvestment and asset monetisation. Officials said finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman is reviewing the situation and the department of investment and public asset monetisation (Dipam) and the department of public enterprises have a pipeline not just for the full year but also for the medium term. 


So far this year, Rs 12,166 crore has been raised through disinvestment and another Rs 6,367 crore has come by way of asset monetisation. So far, Dipam has relied on offer-for-sale to raise money from Central Bank of India, Coal India and NHPC. Govt’s offer to divest up to 3% stake in NLC India, which saw the issue being subscribed 5.2 times on the opening day on Tuesday, is expected to mop up another Rs 1,260 crore. Apart from IDBI Bank stake sale, where the process is still unclear, most other strategic sale plans have not made much headway.

[edit] IPOs

[edit] 2003-12 (actual); 2017 (planned)

Sidhartha & Surojit Gupta, PSU IPOs planned in 1 year equal listings in 14 years, Sep 13, 2017: The Times of India

Number of Public Sector Undertakings listed, 2003-12, year-wise; Sidhartha & Surojit Gupta, PSU IPOs planned in 1 year equal listings in 14 years, Sep 13, 2017: The Times of India

Fast-Tracking To Help Raise Resources By Unlocking Values

At a meeting in NITI Aayog last December, the idea of pushing state-run firms to list was discussed with the finance ministry and other key stakeholders.It was a reform initiative to make PSUs more accountable and also help the government raise money through disinvestment.

The issue reached Prime Minister Narendra Modi, whose backing to the plan ensured that listing of state-run companies was flagged as a key initiative in the 2017-18 Budget.

Seven months down the line, two public sector initial public offers -Hudco and Cochin Shipyard -have been completed and over the next one year or so, another dozen will hit the markets, said government officers, who see it as a major achievement.

After all, they pointed out that there had been 13 listings over nine years -from 2003-04 to 2011-12. And, there were none for five years, resulting in just over a dozen IPOs over a 14-year period. The fast-tracking of PSU listings will help the government raise resources effortlessly by unlocking the value in these entities.

Along with the 1990 reforms, the government began the process of listing public sector companies. After a rush in the 1990s, there was a pause before the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government unlocked value in several state-owned firms, while others such as Maruti were listed at the time of strategic sale by the Centre.The UPA made a fresh start with listing of companies such as Coal India, but there was a lull since 2011-12.

At the end of August, of the 327 public sector companies (including banks and insurance companies), 53 were listed according to data on the BSE website. They made up 9% of the BSE's market capitalisation and at the end of trading the value of these stocks was estimated at a over Rs 5 lakh crore. Officers said given Sebi's regulations on IPO, the idea is to list only reasonablysized companies.

But it has been an uphill task for the Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (Dipam), especially when several PSUs didn't bother to maintain a proper record of the assets they owned, leave alone having title deeds.Plus, there are other issues related to valuation.

But the biggest challenge has been to get companies in sectors which were reluctant to move to list. For instance, listing of defence PSUs, leave alone disinvestment, was a taboo for “strategic reasons“. Insurance companies were seen as “sensitive“, prompting finance minister Arun Jaitley to list budgeted receipts from the general insurers under a separate head. And, the railway bureaucracy was always reluctant and came up with a proposal to set up a holding company , which was rejected.

“The final listing will depend on the market conditions and the preparedness but we are moving to speed up the process,“ said an official. Indications are that GIC and New India Assurance issues will hit the market over the next few weeks, resulting in the culmination of the reform process in the insurance sector that started 18 years ago with the opening up of the sector to foreign players.

While PSU listings began earlier, the pace is picking up again after a slack. The next challenge will be for the government to get PSUs, including Life Insurance Corporation, holding stocks of other state-run firms to unlock value since they hardly undertake treasury operations.