International students in India
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International students in Indian universities
August 7, 2008
From the archives of The Times of India: 2008
Hemali Chhapia
At a time when American, European and Australian universities are vying with each other to woo international students, Indian varsities have decided to shape up for fear of being shut out when competition comes calling in the form of foreign campuses.
Enrolment of international students in domestic varsities went up from 13,267 in 2004-05 to 14,456 in 2005-06, according to a recent report published by a wing of the Union HRD ministry. Behind these numbers are amends that institutions have made — establishing exclusive departments for international students, setting up fully air-conditioned accommodation equipped with hot-plates, dryers and other things straight out of an American hostel.
In a year, the Indira Gandhi National Open University (Ignou) has seen enrolment figures rise by 300%. Currently, it has the maximum number of international students in India, up from 963 in 2004-05. Ignou went up the ladder after designing special information booklets for foreign students with handy data, instead of the earlier patchwork approach that required students to approach several windows to get information. “We have established an international students’ division too,’’ said vice chancellor V N Rajasekharan Pillai.
Manipal, Pune universities among favourites of foreign students
Mumbai: A study conducted by the Association of Indian Universities (AIU) shows that Ignou, with 3,000 enrolments in 2005-06, was followed closely by the University of Pune for the number of international students enrolled. Though the western university managed to get 300 more students than in 2004-05 after its international students’ cell strengthened its marketing pitch, it slid down from the numero uno position to have 2,455 international students on its rolls.
Pune University also participated in several international education fairs throughout the year, selling the ‘Oxford of the East’ concept to many a West Asian.
Down south, the education boomtown of Manipal also attracted a larger pool of foreign students. For its MBBS programme, which attracts several Indian Americans, MAHE joined hands with international universities to allow medical aspirants to pursue a part of their programme at the Manipal campus and then transfer credits to an American medical college, thus bringing down the cost of higher education.
In most cases, Usha Rai Negi and Dayanand Dongaonkar, who collected data from across the country’s universities for 2005-06, pointed out that about 80% of international students were enrolled in undergraduate programmes.
“They all want to be in campus colleges or in institutions that are in the heart of the city and most of these foreign students are pursuing a course in commerce,’’ said Pental. Data collected by the AIU from 1992-93 to 2003-04 suggests that the number of international students coming to India has steadily increased during the first half of the 1990s, with a peak of over 13,000 achieved in 1993-94.
2011: preference of international students, state-wise
Sivakumar B, Dec 5, 2016: The Times of India
HIGHLIGHTS
Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh account for 57.33% of these migrants.
More than 50% of the migration triggered by the search for quality education, from one state to another and within aparticular state, has happened in just five states in 2001-11. The Census 2011 data on migration shows that Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh account for 57.33% of the total migrants who moved out for educational purposes.
More number of men than women migrated to these states to join professional or arts and science colleges in the last decade. In terms of medical and engineering colleges, the five states account for 50% of the total government as well as private medical colleges in the county.
In all, 80.09 lakh people migrated to various states for the sake of education. Of this, 47.76 lakh are women and 32.32 lakh women. Some of them might have migrated within the state or would have come from other states. The exact figures of intrastate and interstate migration are yet to be released by the Census department.
"The data shows that of the total number of people who migrated for education, 45.92 lakh went to just five states. States like Kerala, which has the best literacy rate in the country , or Bihar, which has the lowest literacy rate, records sparse interstate and intrastate migration for education ," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development research economics professor S Chandrasekar told TOI.
In Kerala, of the total interstate migrants, only 1.2% have migrated for the sake of education and in Bihar it stands at 2.8%, he said.
Between 2001and 2011, many politicians and businessmen have opened professional colleges in the top five states. "Most of the private professional colleges in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh woo students from other states as well as from abroad. The best example can be a technology university located in north Tamil Nadu, which woos students from Africa and Arab countries," former vice-chancellor Vasanthi Devi said.
An analysis of the duration of the stay of migrants shows that nearly 20% of those who have migrated to the top five states have been staying there for the past 10 years.
Educational hubs in India
2011: Maharashtra, AP, TN, Karnataka, UP top
Sivakumar B, Dec 5, 2016: The Times of India
Maharashtra top choice for student migrants in India
More than 50% of the migration triggered by the search for quality education, from one state to another and within a particular state, has happened in just five states in 2001-11
The Census 2011 data on migration shows that Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh account for 57.33% of the total number of people who migrated for educational reasons.
More number of men than women migrated to these states to join professional or arts and science colleges in the last decade. In terms of medical and engineering colleges, the five states account for 50% of the government as well as private medical colleges in the county . In all, 80.09 lakh people migrated to various states for the sake of education. Out of this, 47.76 lakh are men and 32.32 lakh women. Some of them might have migrated within the state or would have come from other states. The details on intra-state and inter state is yet to be released by Census department. “The migration data shows that out of the total number of people who migrated for education, 45.92 lakh went to just 5 states.States like Kerala, which has the best literacy rate in the country, or Bihar, which has the low est literacy rate, account for very few migra tion into them for education, both from within as well as from other states,“ Indira Gandhi In stitute of Development research economics professor S Chandrasekar told TOI.
In Kerala, out of the total people who have migrated into it, only 1.2% have migrat ed for the sake of education and in Bihar it is 2.8%, he said.
Between 2001 and 2011, many politicians and businessmen have opened professional colleges in the above mentioned five states.
“Most of the private professional colleges in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh woo students from other states as well as from abroad. The best example can be a technology university situated in north Tamil Nadu, which woos students from Africa and Arab countries,“ former vice-chancellor Vasanthi Devi said.
Irrespective of the quality of education in these states, each year more and more students seek admissions there. “Fees in these colleges are pretty high and students, mostly from well-to-do families in Bihar, Jharkhand, Kerala and West Bengal, seek admissions. Apart from professional col leges, there are also other institutes like ca tering, fashion, film, in which mostly stu dents from other states join as they are able to afford the high fees,“ said Devi.
An analysis of the duration of the stay of migrants shows that nearly 20% of those who have migrated to the five states have been stay ing in those states for the past 10 years.Some of them must have gone to those states as stu dents and must have got jobs and settled there.
Number of international students in India
2008-14
Graphic courtesy: The Times of India, March 30, 2017
See graphic:
International students in India, 2008- 2014
2015: Drop in numbers
The Times of India, Nov 24 2015
Chethan Kumar
India's appeal fades for foreign pupils
No. of students from 7 nations that send most dropped 73% from '13 to '14
Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIM-B) was jubilant in August when it hosted students from 19 global schools for a course. But barring such isolated cases, the number of foreign students coming to India has seen a drastic decline. According to data from the home ministry , the number of students from the seven countries that account for the bulk of overseas pupils -the US, Germany , France, South Korea, Australia, China and Singapore -has fallen 73% from 13,961 in 2013 to 3,737 in 2014.There was a marginal increase (12.4%) in 2013 from 2012, when these countries sent 12,424 students.
Experts say no one reason can be given for the sudden dip, but the way forward -as pointed out by Bharat Ratna Professor CNR Rao, Infosys cofounder N R Narayana Murthy and others -is to improve the quality of institutions to attract more foreigners. Students from over 160 countries came to India in these three years. The decline is not seen just among students from countries ranked higher than India vis-a-vis education but even from those lower. The number of Afghan students fell 11%, from 6,508 (2013) to 5,738 (2014), Bangladeshis from 1,954 to 1,247 (36%), and Sri Lankans from 2,502 to 1,492 (40.36%). The Indian Institute of Science (IISc), the only Indian institute among the world's top 100, had just 25 fulltime foreign students in 2014.
The decline, some experts say , is a reflection of where Indian institutions stand globally. “The government has not understood the soft power of higher education. But we will have ambassadors for life. (Former PM) Manmohan Singh passed out of Cambridge 55 years ago, but still has a soft corner for it,“ said IIIT-B founder-director S Sadagopan.
Pointing out that there needs to be an institutional change in the way foreign students are treated, he added: “One reason for the decline could be all the bad publicity India is getting.“
Some students here, however, are not bothered by the negative image. Jose Antonio Borrero, a student at IIM-B, said, “I just love India. I interned at Mumbai, and have asked my parents to join me after my course.“
2016-21
Chethan Kumar, Dec 13, 2021: The Times of India
2021: a country-wise break up of International students in India
From: Chethan Kumar, Dec 13, 2021: The Times of India
BENGALURU: After a massive dip of 72% in 2020 — a year that saw extraordinary measures to curb the spread of Covid-19 — the number of foreign students arriving in India has seen a 14% increase in 2021, mostly from the immediate neighbourhood. As per the latest data from the ministry of external affairs (MEA), 23,439 foreigners have arrived in India on student visas between January and December 2021, compared to 20,561 in 2020. The number was 74,689 in 2019. Data for years between 2016 and 2021 shows that more than 3.3 lakh foreigners came to India on student visas from more than 160 countries. The highest number of such visas were issued in 2019, followed by 2018 (72,268). The two other years also saw more than 70,000 people obtain such visas.
Immigration law expert Vikram Shroff of Nishith Desai Associates, said: “...I expect our government to further ease Covid-19 travel restrictions in a phased manner. Given the importance of education, getting students back to Indian universities should become a priority. While online education has played a crucial role, research and networking opportunities are indispensable for higher education. India’s focus should be to attract foreign students by promoting Indian universities and to exceed the 2018 & 2019 intake levels by next year.”
Bangladesh (45,250) and Afghanistan (39,111) students — together accounting for a quarter of such arrivals in the last six years — outnumber others by a huge margin. Among the top countries that exported students to India in the said period are also Malaysia (20,758), Sudan (15,126), Sri Lanka (14,635), Thailand (13,423), Yemen (11,437), Republic of Korea (10,135), Iran (9,960) and Iraq (7,113). These ten countries account for more than 45% of the overall arrivals.
In 2021, the highest number of students came from Bangladesh (3,565), Afghanistan (3,431), Sri Lanka (1,599), Tanzania (1,426) and Sudan (1,088). While these five countries together account for more than 47% of such arrivals, the remaining 12,330 students came from all the other countries.
TV Mohandas Pai, chairman, Aarin Capital Funds, says: “While the increase seen this year is welcome. There’s a lot to do: India has 7.5 lakh students studying outside of India but have only a small number of students coming here from abroad, mostly from our neighbouring countries. India should identify the top 100 institutions and enable them to market Indian education so we can get around 1 lakh or 1.5 lakh students coming here.”
Another expert said that while the number is further expected to pick up in the coming year, it may take at least two years to reach the 2019 levels.
“...There is a need for globalisation of Indian education. We need to implement the new education policy and greater freedom for our top institutions to get global students. There are about 3-4 million students studying globally and a lot of them are Indians, whose parents spend about $20 billion each year to educate their children outside. This is more than the overall budget of the union government for higher education. We cannot have global institutions without global students. Bad policy has depleted our resources, diminished our names and hurt us very badly,” Pai added.
2018-19: Top 7 source countries
From: March 19, 2020: The Times of India
See graphic:
2018-19: The Top 7 source countries for international students in India
2020
Participation in protest rallies
Jayanta Gupta, March 4, 2020: The Times of India
From: Jayanta Gupta, March 4, 2020: The Times of India
Kamil Siedcynski, the Polish student at Jadavpur University who has been asked to leave the country by the Foreigner Regional Registration Office, has challenged the order in the Calcutta HC, invoking the principles highlighted in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) that are applicable to all persons.
While the FRRO has found Siedcynski guilty of violating visa norms by participating in an anti-CAA rally, he has claimed in his petition that he was inadvertently caught in the protest. He has maintained that as a student with interest in Indian culture, he was merely watching the proceedings and had clicked photographs of the “carnival-like” proceedings from a sidewalk. Siedcynski has claimed in his petition that the FRRO order of February 14 is contrary to the principles of natural justice. His petition is likely to be heard.
He stated in his petition that he had been persuaded by other students to accompany them to the protest place on December 19. He apparently didn’t know what the protest meet was all about and soon got separated from his fellow students. He stood on the sidewalk watching the event and clicking photographs. He claimed there were other foreigners watching the protest as well and a person approached him wanting to know his name and views on the protest. The man also clicked his photograph after which he left for home. The next day, Siedcynski realised the man he had spoken to was a photojournalist and an article on him had appeared in a newspaper. He has claimed that much of what was written in the article was made up.
He received a notice from the FRRO thereafter and was asked to leave the country on February 14.
