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As in 2021
Bharti Jain, Sep 16, 2021: The Times of India
There was a record 28% surge in crimes registered across India in 2020 compared with 2019. However, this was essentially on account of a sharp rise in cases filed over violation of Covid-19 norms, according to the ‘Crime in India’ report for 2020 released by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).
A little over 66 lakh cognizable crimes, including 42.54 lakh filed under the IPC — the highest since 1981 — and 23.46 lakh under special and local laws (SLL), were filed in 2020.
Offences against women, children and senior citizens; theft; burglary; robbery and dacoity went down on account of strict curbs during the lockdown. Murders went up 1% over 2019, with ‘disputes’ as the motive behind 10,404 of 29,193 killings across India.
Economic offences down by 12%, cyber crimes up 11.8%
While IPC crimes saw a 31.9% increase over 2019, the rise in SLL offences was 21.6%. Crime rate per lakh population (IPC and SLL crimes) went up to 487.8 from 385.5 in 2019.
Among IPC offences, those registered under Section 188 (disobedience to order promulgated by a public servant) invoked since March 2020 to enforce Covid norms, witnessed more than a 20-fold rise from 29,469 in 2019 to 6.1 lakh. Similarly, ‘other IPC crimes’ rose from 2.5 lakh to Rs 10.6 lakh and SLL crimes from 89,552 cases to 4.1 lakh cases in 2020.
The NCRB said that offences primarily relating to violation of Covid norms resulted in 16.4 lakh more cases registered in 2020 than in 2019. Traditional crimes, however, went down by almost two lakh, it added.
West Bengal reported just three murders for ‘political reasons’, less than Bihar (16) and Jharkhand (7). The state, however, attributed 114 murders to personal vendetta and 303 to dowry.
Crimes relating to violation of public tranquility went up 12.4% in 2020, with rioting accounting for 51,606 of the total 71,107 cases registered under this head. Bihar recorded the highest cases of rioting at 9,422, followed by Maharashtra (9,157), UP (6,126). Delhi, which faced anti-CAA riots in February last year, registered 688 rioting cases through the year, of which 519 were due to communal or religious reasons.
Economic offences went down 12% in 2020 as compared to 2019, while cyber crimes increased 11.8% in the corresponding period.
Interestingly, seizures of fake Indian currency notes surged over 190% from 8,34,947 notes with face value of Rs 92 crore from 2,87,404 notes with face value of Rs 25.39 crore in 2019.
Chargesheeting rate under IPC crimes improved to 75.8% in 2020 from 67.4% in 2019. States that reported the best chargesheeting rate were Gujarat (97.1%), Kerala (94.9%) and Tamil Nadu (91.7%). Crimes and atrocities against Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes went up by 9.4% and 9.3% respectively last year as compared to 2019.
Among metros, Chennai recorded the highest crime rate (IPC and SLL crimes) per lakh population at 1,937.1, followed by Delhi with 1,608.6. Delhi, however, emerged as the “murder and rape capital”, recording the highest 461 murder and 967 rape cases in 2020 (5.9 rapes per lakh as compared to 2.2 all-India).
