Assam- Nagaland: issues

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Border dispute

2021: accord

Prabin Kalita, August 1, 2021: The Times of India

Amid the hostile situation on its southern front with Mizoram, Assam signed an agreement on Saturday with Nagaland to end the standoff on its eastern front, both agreeing to withdraw each other’s police forces and instead use “UAVs and satellite imagery” to keep a watch on incursions across the disputed boundary between the states and “maintain the status quo”.

The decision was taken at a meeting between Nagaland chief secretary J Alam and his Assam counterpart Jishnu Barua in Dimapur on Saturday. Both sides agreed to withdraw their respective police forces from their present locations on the border to their respective base camps “simultaneously” within 24 hours.

The agreement was signed in the presence of Nagaland deputy CM Y Patton and Assam education minister Ranoj Pegu. “The SPs of Mokokchung (Nagaland) and Jorhat (Assam) shall ensure orderly withdrawal of their respective forces and shall be responsible for it in the instant case,” the minutes of the meeting state.

Assam CM Himanta Biswa Sarma tweeted the developments, describing them as a “major breakthrough towards de-escalating tensions on the Assam-Nagaland border” and as a “historic step in our relations”. He added: “My gratitude to HCM Sri @Neiphiu_Rio for working with #Assam in restoring peace on the border.” An official spokesperson said the meeting between the two chief secretaries was held “with a view to deescalating the tense situation prevailing at two locations — the Dessoi Valley Reserve Forest and Tsurangkong Valley — due to a standoff between the armed police forces of Nagaland and Assam”.

“Both sides agreed that in order to maintain peace and tranquillity in the areas, urgent and effective steps are required for ending the standoff between the security forces of Nagaland and Assam,” the minutes stated, adding that it was in this regard that it had been decided to pull back the police forces.

The boundary dispute between the two states is more than six decades old.

Oil exploration

2023: agreement on oil exploration along disputed border

April 22, 2023: The Times of India

Assam and Nagaland have agreed to facilitate resumption of exploration and production of oil and gas in contested areas and to equally share the proceeds even as they strive for an out-of-court settlement of their 60-year-old border dispute, reports Prabin Kalita . The oil activities have stayed suspended for nearly three decades due to the standoff that is currently pending in the Supreme Court.


The oil-related agreement was reached during talks between Nagaland CM Neiphiu Rio and his Assam counterpart Himanta Biswa Sarma in New Delhi on Thursday — hours after Sarma and Arunachal Pradesh CM Pema Khandu signed an agreement to resolve their over five-decade-old border dispute.

Rio said he had fruitful discussions with Sarma on the out-of-court settlement. An Assam source said “the two discussed collaboration on oil exploration along the interstate boundary”. 
Rio said later the two states have decided to sign an MoU on oil exploration and royalty-sharing. “Once it is formalised, there is huge potential for exploration of oil in Nagaland also. To move forward, the country needs oil in a big way,” he said.