Employers: India
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The biggest employers
India and the world: 2022
From: Nov 22, 2022: The Times of India
See graphic:
The biggest employers in India and the world, 2021- 2022
Biggest employers of Indian IT
The Times of India, June 29, 2015
The Indian workforce is 487-million strong, the second largest after China. Of these a large part works in the unorganized sector.
The organized sector includes workers employed by the government, state-owned enterprises and private sector. Among the private sector, Indian IT continues to be among the biggest employer in the country. According to the Economic Survey 2014-2015, IT and ITeS make up the single largest contributor to India's services export and continues to be one of the largest employers in the country, directly employing nearly 35 lakh people.
Top five employers of the tech sector in India:
TCS
TCS is among the world's largest employers in the technology sector, with over 3 lakh employees. According to the company, it has over 319,000 employeesspread across 46 countries. The company is also expected to hire about 60,000 employees in its current financial year.
Infosys
Infosys is the second-largest India-based IT services company going by 2014 revenues and has a 1,76,187-strong workforce. Globally, Infosys has 85 sales and marketing offices and 100 development centers (as of March 31, 2015).
IBM
Tech giant IBM has over 4.3 lakh employees worldwide. The company's Indian subsidiary, said to be among one of the biggest IT employers, is reported to have over 1.5 lakh employees in the country.
Wipro
IT consulting company has 158,217 employees (as of March 31, 2015). It was incorporated on December 29, 1945, in Mumbai by Azim Premji as 'Western India Vegetable Products Limited, later abbreviated to Wipro. The company entered IT services industry in 1990s and today serves clients in 175-plus cities across six continents.
Accenture
Accenture recently shot past Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) in headcount in its latest quarter. According to the company's chief financial officer, David Rowland, Accenture ended the quarter with a global headcount of about 336,000 people, and it now has approximately 237,000 people in its global delivery network.
The company also plans to hire 95,000 in FY2015. Though India-specific figures are not available, Accenture is counted among top tech employers in the country.
Indian Railways: world’s 8th largest employer
The Times of India, Jun 28, 2015
Indian Railways, Army among world's biggest employers: Study
Indian Railways is the largest employer. The organisation is ranked at the eighth place in the list of world's biggest employers. Two Indian organisations - Army and Railways - are among the world's biggest employers, together employing a whopping 2.7 million people, said a report.
Though it is often said that Indian Railways is the largest employer in the world, but it seems it is not. The organisation is ranked at the eighth place in the list of world's biggest employers.
Immediately after Indian Railways in the 8th rank with 1.4 million staff is the Indian Armed Forces with 1.3 million people.
According to a research published by the World Economic Forum, the US Department of Defense is the world's biggest employer which claims over 3.2 million employees on its roster.
Second is People's Liberation Army (the Chinese military) with 2.3 million, and in third is the US supermarket giant Walmart with 2.1 million workers, the report said, adding that "...175,000 of Walmart's staff work for UK supermarket chain, Asda".
McDonald's is the 4th biggest employer with 1.9 million employees, however, as the majority of its restaurants are franchises, this figure falls to 4,20,000 when they are excluded, the report said.
UK's National Health Service was ranked at the 5th place, with 1.7 million employees, followed by state-run China National Petroleum Corporation with 1.6 million.
Another Chinese company, the State Grid Corporation of China was ranked 7th with 1.5 million.
Hon Hai Precision Factory (better known as the electronics manufacturer Foxconn) comes in at 10th place with 1.2 million people.
2010-16/ Earnings up 86%, jobs 3%: NSSO
Earnings Up 86%, Jobs 3% In 5 Yrs: NSSO
About a quarter of India's labour force, some 11 crore people, work in non-farm enterprises that can broadly be described as the unorganised sector. Of these 6.3 crore enterprises, none are covered under the Companies Act or Factories Act. In fact, more than two thirds are unregistered.
These are not some fly by night vendors -82% operate from homes or permanent structures outside homes, 98% are open through the year. Put together they add Rs 11.5 lakh crore to the country's output.
These are some of the findings of a survey of nearly three lakh enterprises done by NSSO in 2015-16. Only nonagricultural enterprises were covered and construction based units were also excluded. Since 2010-11, when a similar survey was done, the number of enterprises has increased by 57 lakh or 10% but strikingly , the number of workers has increased by only 33 lakh or 3% in these five years.
That's a net addition of about 6.5 lakh workers every year. This reflects the stagnating employment scenario in the country . Meanwhile, the gross value added has increased by 83% in this period.
Another notable aspect is that earnings of workers have increased by 86% in five years, even as employment has stagnated. An average worker in these enterprises earns over Rs 7,000 per month, compared to nearly Rs 4,000 five years ago. Since gross value added per worker has jumped up by 78%, this means that workers are working more and earning more.
These enterprises, otherwise classified as micro-, small-, cottage etc., were thought of by many as a great hope for providing mass employment and efficient resource utilization, but they don't seem to be in great health, going by this report. The job creation capacity of these enterprises is floundering, the scale of their economics is almost subsistence level, and in any case they are concentrated in urban areas and in a handful of states. While slow demand is the main reason, lack of credit facilities, technology and skills are other factors experts believe are contributing to the lacklustre performance.
Over 84% of these enterprises are family-run with no hired workers. Trade activities, mainly small shops, make up about 36% of these enterprises but manufacturing and other services are nearly as popular. Surprisingly, nearly 20% are owned by women, which is because women's employment opportunities are low, their work participation rate being just 23% in India. So, they lend a hand in adding to the family income by running petty shops and other enterprises.
The deep regional imbalance in industrialisation across different states is reflected in these small enterprises too. Nearly half of the 6.3 crore enterprises are in five states -UP , Bengal, TN, Maharashtra and Karnataka; a quarter in just the first two.The report reveals that SHGbased enterprises, once touted as the panacea for economic empowerment, have flattered to deceive. They made up just 1.8% of all enterprises in 2015-16 down from 2.1% in 2010-11.
Employers and the law
Criminal case, suppression of: Can’t sack employee for it/ SC
AmitAnand Choudhary, May 4, 2022: The Times of India
New Delhi: Suppression of acriminal case, in which a person was falsely implicated and honourably acquitted, by an employee while joining a service cannot be a ground for termination of job by the employer, the Supreme Court has held. Abench of Justices Ajay Rastogi and Sanjiv Khanna said mere suppression of material or giving false information regarding a criminal case cannot be a ground of termination of job and sacking should depend on the nature and seriousness of the charge and also whether it resulted in conviction or acquittal. It said suppression of a case which is trivial in nature would not justify termination.
The court ordered restoration of the job for a Railway Protection Force official who was terminated after the department came to know that he didn’t inform them about a criminal case against him while joining the force. Although he was wrongly implicated in the case and honourably acquitted on the very first hearing of trial proceedings, the department held that suppression was sufficient enough for sacking him irrespective of the nature of the case and his acquittal. The Delhi HC also approved the termination. Referring to several SC judgments, the bench said, “What emerges from the exposition as laid down by this court is that by mere suppression of material/false information regardless of the fact whether there is a conviction or acquittal has been recorded, the employee/recruit is not to be discharged/terminated axiomatically from service just by a stroke of pen”.
“At the same time, the effect of suppression of material/false information involving in a criminal case, if any, is left for the employer to consider all the relevant facts and circumstances available as to antecedents and keeping in view the objective criteria and the relevant service rules into consideration, while taking appropriate decision regarding continuance/suitability of the employee into service. What being noticed by this court is that mere suppression of material/false information in a given case does not mean that the employer can arbitrarily discharge/terminate the employee from service,” it said.
The bench said all matters can’t be put in a straitjacket and a degree of flexibility and discretion vests with authorities and must be exercised with care and caution taking all the facts and circumstances into consideration, including the nature and type of lapse.
Employers can’t recover wages already paid: HC
August 7, 2018: The Times of India
The Delhi high court clarified that employers can’t recover the wages already paid as per the revised minimum wages scheme of the Delhi government since March 2017. HC set aside the enhanced wages notification of the government.
A bench of Acting Chief Justice Gita Mittal and Justice C Hari Shankar issued the latest directions, saying an important implication of its August 4 judgment escaped their attention.
“We are of the view that wages dispersed shall not be recoverable from employees to whom it has been paid,” it said, elaborating on its August 4 verdict where the court had quashed the Delhi government’s March 2017 order revising the minimum wages for all classes of workmen in scheduled employment.
It had noted that a hurried decision was taken without hearing the employers or employees who would be affected and was violative of the Constitution. In its verdict, the bench had also set aside a September 2016 notification by which a minimum wages advisory committee for all scheduled employments was set up, saying that its constitution was “completely flawed.”
The court had noted that though the revision of wages “is sorely needed,” the “hurried attempt” and “contravening principles of natural justice has unfortunately disrupted this course, yet again.”
HC had, however, added that the fixation of minimum wages in Delhi cannot be faulted simply because they are higher than the rates of minimum wages fixed in the surrounding states and towns.
The court’s verdict came on the petitions by employers — associations of traders, petrol dealers and restaurants — who had sought setting aside of the March 3, 2017 notification revising the minimum wages, saying they were not represented or heard by the advisory committee.
According to the March 3, 2017 notification, for an unskilled worker, the minimum wages were fixed at Rs 13,350 per month against the then existing Rs 9,724 per month. For semi-skilled and skilled persons, it had increased from Rs 10,764 to Rs 14,698 and from Rs 11,830 to Rs 16,182 per month, respectively.
The employers had in their pleas sought setting aside of the September 15, 2016 notification constituting the advisory committee, claiming the people representing the employers in the panel did not have expertise with regard to the nature of employment in the capital.
== Employers can’t recover increments granted erroneously: SC AmitAnand Choudhary, May 3, 2022: The Times of India
New Delhi: Can increments granted to an employee be recovered from him after his retirement on the ground that they were granted erroneously? The Supreme Court said it cannot be done if there was no misrepresentation made or fraud committed by the employee.
A bench of Justices S Abdul Nazeer and Vikram Nath came to the rescue of a government teacher from Kerala against whom recovery proceedings were initiated by the state for wrongly granting him increments. The SC brought to an end his legal battle of 20 years during which he had lost the case in the Kerala high court.
“This court in a catena of decisions has consistently held that if the excess amount was not paid on account of any misrepresentation or fraud of the employee or if such excess payment was made by the employer by applying a wrong principle for calculating the pay/allowance or on the basis of a particular interpretation of rule/order which is subsequently found to be erroneous, such excess payment of emoluments or allowances are not recoverable,” the bench said.
“This relief against the recovery is granted not because of any right of the employees but in equity, exercising judicial discretion to provide relief to the employees from the hardship that will be caused if the recovery is ordered. This court has further held that if in a given case, it is proved that an employee had knowledge that the payment received was in excess of what was due or wrongly paid, or in cases where error is detected or corrected within a short time of wrong payment, the courts may. . . order for recovery of amount paid in excess,” the bench said.
In this case, the teacher took study leave in 1973 but that leave period was not considered while granting him promotion. Twentyfour years later in 1997 he was issued notice and recovery proceedings were initiated against him after he retired in 1999.
== Employers can’t recover increments granted erroneously: SC
AmitAnand Choudhary, May 3, 2022: The Times of India
New Delhi: Can increments granted to an employee be recovered from him after his retirement on the ground that they were granted erroneously? The Supreme Court said it cannot be done if there was no misrepresentation made or fraud committed by the employee.
A bench of Justices S Abdul Nazeer and Vikram Nath came to the rescue of a government teacher from Kerala against whom recovery proceedings were initiated by the state for wrongly granting him increments. The SC brought to an end his legal battle of 20 years during which he had lost the case in the Kerala high court.
“This court in a catena of decisions has consistently held that if the excess amount was not paid on account of any misrepresentation or fraud of the employee or if such excess payment was made by the employer by applying a wrong principle for calculating the pay/allowance or on the basis of a particular interpretation of rule/order which is subsequently found to be erroneous, such excess payment of emoluments or allowances are not recoverable,” the bench said.
“This relief against the recovery is granted not because of any right of the employees but in equity, exercising judicial discretion to provide relief to the employees from the hardship that will be caused if the recovery is ordered. This court has further held that if in a given case, it is proved that an employee had knowledge that the payment received was in excess of what was due or wrongly paid, or in cases where error is detected or corrected within a short time of wrong payment, the courts may. . . order for recovery of amount paid in excess,” the bench said.
In this case, the teacher took study leave in 1973 but that leave period was not considered while granting him promotion. Twentyfour years later in 1997 he was issued notice and recovery proceedings were initiated against him after he retired in 1999.
