Fish (economics): India
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Catch
2014
Source: Times of India
May 03 2015
Fish catch across India drops by 5%
Fish lovers across India should brace themselves for some unappetizing news -India's marine catch has dropped by 5% in 2014 compared to 2013, resulting in higher retail prices, reports Sudha Nambudiri.
As per estimates by Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, marine landings in India dropped to 3.59 million tonnes against 3.78 MT in 2013. However, the value of marine landings in 2014 based on prices at landing centres touched Rs 31,754 crore, up 8.1% over 2013.
Researchers have found that India's marine catch has dropped by 5% in 2014 when compared to the previous year, resulting in higher retail prices. As per estimates released by Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), the country's marine landings dropped to 3.59 million tonnes (MT) against 3.78 million tonnes (MT) recorded in 2013. Every year 600 to 700 species are landed along the coastal waters of the country and the catch of many popular varieties of fish have dropped.
“The catch of oil sardines which are very popular in Kerala have dropped, so have that of Bombay Duck in Maharashtra and Hilsa Shad in West Bengal,“ said Sathianandan T V , head, fisheries resources assessment division of CMFRI. Among the species that registered a drop are ribbon fish, prawns, croakers and cephalopods like squids, octopuses and cuttlefish.
Scientists say changes in ocean climate and increase in marine pollution could be among causes for the drop in fish landings. “We will have to look into the reasons, but changes in ocean conditions and environment issues are being seen as the common factors. We can't deny that there is pollution in the coastal waters,“ said A Gopalakrishnan, director, CMFRI while releasing the data.
Consumption of fish by Indians
2005-21
Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar TNN, March 19, 2024: The Times of India
From: Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar TNN, March 19, 2024: The Times of India
From: Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar TNN, March 19, 2024: The Times of India
Fish consumption has increased in the country, even in inland areas where it hasn’t been a traditional staple, a new study has found. This surge could be attributed to rising incomes, changing diets and improved availability of fish, it said. Researchers analysed data from National Family Health Surveys between 2005-06 and 2019-21 to understand consumption trends in those 15 years for a study, ‘Fish consumption in India: Patterns and trends’, conducted by WorldFish India in collaboration with Indian Council of Agricultural Research and other govt and international bodies.
“The proportion of people eating fish increased from 730.6 million (66%) to 966.9 million (72.1%), an increase of 236.3 million (32.3%),” said the study. Annual per capita fish consumption rose from 4.9kg to 8.9kg between 2005 and 2020. Among fish eaters, per capita consumption rose from 7.4kg to 12.3kg.
India’s consumption growth was among the highest in the World Bank group of lower-middle income countries, the study said. Even so, per capita consumption was a little over half the group’s average of 14.9kg in 2020. North-eastern and eastern states remained big on fish, along with Kerala and Goa. Tripura had the highest percentage of fish eaters (99.4%).
With 21 percentage-point jump, J&K saw biggest rise in proportion of fish eaters
Manipur, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and West Bengal follows Tripura as states with highest percentage of fish eaters. At the other end of the fish scale, Haryana had the smallest share of fish eaters (20.6%) in 2019-21, followed by northern Punjab and Rajasthan.
Surprisingly, Jammu and Kashmir saw the biggest increase in the proportion of fish eaters, with a 21% point jump, followed by Arunachal Pradesh (15% point increase) and Karnataka (10.1). Consumption in Delhi rose by 8.7% points. The increase in J&K could be due to improved connectivity and cold storage networks, said Arun Padiyar, an expert with WorldFish India and lead author of the study.
The study also revealed the frequency of fish consumption has risen, with weekly intake increasing by 11.3%. People in Kerala ate fish most frequently, with more than 50% including it in their daily diet, followed by Goa (36.2% daily consumption) and West Bengal (21.9%). Meanwhile, Assam and Tripura had the highest weekly consumption.
More Men Eat
It Overall, 78.6% men ate fish in 2019-21 compared with 65.6% women. The gender gap was smaller in states where more people ate fish and more frequently, such as Kerala. Padiyar said the gap was partly because more men ate at res- taurants than women. Urban areas had greater fish consumption, which included eating at hotels. However, consumption in rural areas was growing faster, according to the analysis.
Still Behind Eggs, Chicken
The period between 2005-06 and 2019-21 saw a general increase in non-vegetarian food consumption. Fish consumption lagged behind eggs and chicken, the study showed, although the gap was smaller in coastal states. Interestingly, the study found a grea- ter increase in weekly fish consumption in the less wealthy strata, perhaps reflecting increased availability and accessibility of fish. In the same 15-year period, fish production in India more than doubled, reaching 14.2 million metric tonnes, with most of it directed towards domestic consumption.
Much of the increase was due to an expansion in fish farming or aquaculture encouraged by govt schemes. In a survey by National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) last year, 56% of households cited increased availability and more variety as reasons for more consumption. “Push for fish farming can lead to a big boost for local consumption,” said NCAER senior fellow Saurabh Bandyopadhyay. Padiyar said the wealthiest consumers are likely looking for value-added products, such as ready-to-cook dishes, or high-end varieties like pomfret and lobster. “If those are not available, they won’t increase consumption.”
Despite higher domestic supply — India is the second-largest producer of farmed fish in the world — fish imports rose five times between 2005 and 2020, from 14,000 tonnes to 76,000 tonnes. These imports were likely value-added products such as cleaned and deboned fillets for high-end restaurants, said Padiyar. At current rates, annual per capita consumption would grow to 16.1kg before 2050, the study said, adding that a push from govt and private sectors could doublethat number.
Health, quality of Indian fish
2022
Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar, July 2, 2023: The Times of India
From: Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar, July 2, 2023: The Times of India
Mumbai : The first comprehensive marine fish stock assessment for India reveals a surprisingly positive picture: 91. 1% of 135 fish stocks evaluated in 2022 were found to be “healthy”. The two-year break in fishing activity caused by the pandemic may have played abig role, experts said.
Out of the 135 stocks, 86. 7% were found to be sustainable — meaning that they had enough population to support maximum sustainable yields. Sustainable stocks included certain varieties of dolphinfish, eels, lizardfish and snappers, as well as pomfret.
“This doesn’t mean these stocks can be fished more and more without consequences,” cautioned Shoba Joe Kizhakudan, principal scientist with the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), which did the evaluation. “(While) 91% seems like a good figure, it is based on biological status at the moment,” she added, noting that fishing pressures can easily change the picture in subsequent years.
Regionally, the southeast coast had the highest percentage of healthy stocks (97. 4%) in 2022, followed by the southwest (92. 7%), the northeast (87. 5%), and the northwest was at the lowest at 83. 8%. Overall, the assessment found 8. 2% of stocks to be overfished, including varieties of croakers, catfish, groupers, sharks, and lobsters, and about 4. 4% were tending to be overfished. An overfished stock is one whose biomass or population is too small and fishing pressure too high to support maximum sustainable yields. However, none of the stocks assessed had collapsed — that is when a population has fallen to such a low level that it does not recover within a certain time.
One stock, that of squid in the northwest coast, was found to be rebuilding after collapse. This was unsurprising, scientists said, since squids are short-lived creatures whose populations can rise and drop sharply in natural cycles. “It’s the slow-growing large fishlike sharks you have to worry about,” said Rajan Kumar, a scientist at CMFRI Veraval.
The Covid-19 pandemic seems to have helped the health of fish stocks. Although there is not enough data from those years, a comparison of preand post-pandemic figures suggests that the break in fishing may have played a role, said Kizhakudan. The year before the pandemic, 2019, also had lower fishing activity on the northwest coast due to cyclone activity, noted Kumar, who also worked on the assessment.
The catch of pomfret, for instance, was on the decline before the pandemic, with much concern about overfishing of juveniles that could affect the population health. But several years of reduced fishing activity helped push pomfret “just over the threshold” into the healthy category in 2022, he said. “We will not be surprised if there is a drop in the number of (healthy stocks) in subsequent assessments,” he added.
As the first assessment of its kind, the study was limitedto 70 species across four coastal regions — north and south, west and east — as well as Lakshadweep, and included 49 finfish and 21 shellfish. Subsequent reports will need to look at many more fish, including such valuables ones as hilsa.
Annual stock assessments are a standard tool of fisheries management in industrialised fishing regions such as Europe and the USA.
Such reports can be important in an era of increasing demand for sustainably sourced fish. Although CMFRI says its report cannot be used as a certification of sustainability, the evaluation could help exporters seeking to show their products are sustainably produced, experts said.
For stocks found to be overfished, the CMFRI report recommends measures such as imposing a minimum legal size and changing the mesh size of nets to reduce catch of juveniles and bycatch. For species like sharks and lobsters, incentives to fishermen to release them back into the sea need to be given, experts said.
