South Indian castes/ tribes (numerically small): H
This article is an excerpt from Government Press, Madras |
References
Hajām .—The Hindustani name for a barber, and used as a general professional title by barbers of various classes. It is noted, in the Census Reports, that only fifteen out of more than two thousand individuals returned as Hajām were Muhammadans, and that, in South Canara, Hajāms are Konkani Kelasis, and of Marāthi descent.
Halaba .—See Pentiya.
Halavakki .—A Canarese synonym for Būdubudukala.
Haligē (plank).—A gōtra of Kurni.
Hallikāra (village man).—Recorded, in the Mysore Census Report, 1901, as a division of Vakkaliga.
Hālu (milk).—An exogamous sept of Holeya and Kurni, a sub-division of Kuruba, and a name for Vakkaligas who keep cattle and sell milk. Hālu mata (milk caste) has been given as a synonym for Kuruba. In the Mysore Census Report, 1901, Hālu Vakkal-Makkalu, or children of the milk caste, occurs as a synonym for Hālu Vakkaliga, and, in the South Canara Manual, Hālvaklumakkalu is given as a synonym for Gauda.
The Mādigas call the intoxicant toddy hālu. (See Pāl.)
Hanbali .—A sect of Muhammadans, who are followers of the Imām Abū ’Abdi ’llāh Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, the founder of the fourth orthodox sect of the Sunnis, who was born at Baghdād A.H. 164 (A.D. 780). “His fame began to spread just at the time when disputes ran highest concerning the nature of the Qur’ān, which some held to have existed from eternity, whilst others maintained it to be created. Unfortunately for Ibn Hanbal, the Khalīfah-at-Muttasim was of the latter opinion, to which this doctor refusing to subscribe, he was imprisoned, and severely scourged by the Khalīfah’s order.”
Handa .—A title of Canarese Kumbāras.
Handichikka .—The Handichikkas are stated to be “also generally known as Handi Jōgis. This caste is traced to the Pakanāti sub-section of the Jōgis, which name it bore some five generations back when the traditional calling was buffalo-breeding. But, as they subsequently degenerated to pig-rearing, they came to be known as Handi Jōgi or Handichikka, handi being the Canarese for pig.
Hanifi .—A sect of Muhammadans, named after Abū Hanīfah Anhufmān, the great Sunni Imām and jurisconsult, and the founder of the Hanifi sect, who was born A.H. 80 (A.D. 700).
Hanumān —Hanumān, or Hanumanta, the monkey god, has been recorded as a sept of Dōmb, and gōtra of Mēdara.
Hari Shetti .—A name for Konkani-speaking Vānis (traders).
Hāruvar .—A sub-division of the Badagas of the Nīlgiri hills.
Hasbe .—Hasbe or Hasubu, meaning a double pony pack-sack, has been recorded as an exogamous sept of Holeya and Vakkaliga.
Hastham (hand).—An exogamous sept of Bōya.
Hatagar .—A sub-division of Dēvāngas, who are also called Kodekal Hatagaru.
Hathi (elephant).—A sept of the Oriya Haddis. When members of this sept see the foot-prints of an elephant, they take some dust from the spot, and make a mark on the forehead with it. They also draw the figure of an elephant, and worship it, when they perform srādh (memorial service for the dead) and other ceremonies.
Hathinentu Manayavaru (eighteen house).—A sub-division of Dēvāng a.
Hatti (hut or hamlet).—An exogamous sept of Kāppilliyan and Kuruba.
Hattikankana (cotton wrist-thread).—A sub-division of Kurubas, who tie a cotton thread round the wrist at the marriage ceremony.
Heggāniga .—A sub-division of Gānigas, who use two oxen for their oil-pressing mills.
Helava .—Helava, meaning lame person, is the name of a class of mendicants, who, in Bellary, Mysore, and other localities, are the custodians of village histories. They generally arrive at the villages mounted on a bullock, and with their legs concealed by woollen blankets. They go from house to house, giving the history of the different families, the names of heroes who died in war, and so forth.
Hijra (eunuchs).—See Khōja.
Hirē (big).—A sub-division of Kurni.
Hittu (flour).—A gōtra of Kurni.
Holadava .—A synonym of Gatti.
Holodia Gudiya .—A name for the agricultural section of the Oriya Gudiyas.
Holuva (holo, plough).—A synonym of Pentiya, and the name of a section of Oriya Brāhmans, who plough the land.
Hon —Hon, Honnu, and Honnē, meaning gold, have been recorded as gōtras or exogamous septs of Kurni, Oddē, and Kuruba.
Honnē (Calophyllum inophyllum or Pterocarpus Marsupium).—An exogamous sept of Halēpaik and Mogēr. The Halēpaiks sometimes call the sept Sura Honnē.
Honnungara (gold ring).—An exogamous sept of Kuruba.
Huli (tiger).—An exogamous sub-sept of Kāppiliyan.
Hullu (grass).—A gōtra of Kurni.
Hunisē (tamarind).—An exogamous sub-sept of Kāppiliyan.
Hutta (ant-hill).—An exogamous sept of Gangadikāra Holeya.
Huvvina (flowers).—An exogamous sept of Oddē and Vakkaliga.
References
1 Madras Census Report, 1891.
2 Occasional Essays on Native South Indian Life.
3 Hobson-Jobson.
4 Letters from Madras. By a Lady. 1843.
5 Monograph, Eth. Survey of Bombay, 12, 1904.
6 T. P. Hughes., Dictionary of Islam.
7 Mysore Census Report, 1901.
8 Manual of the South Canara district.
9 Manual of Coorg.
10 Manual of the South Canara district.
11 Manual of Coorg.
12 Journey through Mysore, Canara and Malabar.
13 Manual of the South Canara district.
14 Ind. Ant. II, 1873.
