Unlawful detention by police: India
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1000 cases a year
1000 unlawful police detention cases in India every year, UP and Delhi lead
HT Data Bureau, Hindustan Times New Delhi, September 20, 2014
Story Idea and written by : Sourjya Bhowmick (@Sourjyabhowmick)
Visualization : Vignesh Radhakrishnan (@vinuthewriter)
In many parts of india, the police is the only visible state presence. police say that there is pressure from the public to punish crimes. this leads to the police acting as judge and jury, beating up suspects who are presumed guilty without trial --- Meenakshi Ganguly, South Asia Director, Human Rights watch
Custodial violations include unlawful detention, illegal arrests, custodial deaths and torture. The numbers do not show the police in shining light.
Around 3,963 cases of unlawful detention were reported from 2011 till July this year. Of these cases, 3,069 have been disposed of and 894 are pending.
In the same period, 2,532 cases of illegal arrests were reported against the police —2,127 cases have been disposed of and 405 are pending.
Surprisingly, Delhi, a relatively small state, comes second in the number of illegal arrests, unlawful detention and tortures in police custody. Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state, tops all the charts.
The police had 446 cases of custodial deaths registered against them in almost four years. To make matters worse, 334 or 74% of these cases are pending.
In the same period, 1,456 cases of custodial torture were also registered. Here too, pending cases amount to 74% (1,088).
The figures used in this story are reported cases and the actual number may be higher.
Moreover, custodial deaths can also be due to ill-health, suicides, accidents and homicides among other causes. Interestingly, the system is swift while disposing of cases of illegal arrests and unlawful detention, with a disposal rate of 84% and 77%.
ND Pancholi, President, Delhi chapter of the Poeple's Union for Civil Liberty (PUCL) said, “There is no effort on the part of ruling parties to chart out police training which inculcates the feeling among police personnel that their prime responsibility is to the Constitution, rule of law and to the people”.
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) takes note of these violations. In the period analysed, the NHRC filed 72 cases against illegal arrests and unlawful detention. It imposed a fine of Rs. 53 lakh. Disciplinary action was taken in 10 cases, but did not lead to any prosecutions.
The NHRC also filed around 242 cases against the police for deaths and torture. A fine of Rs. 6 crore was imposed on the police. Disciplinary action was taken in 13 cases. It led to just one prosecution.
Abuse by the police, however, is not solely an Indian problem. The US, a developed nation, has an average of 983 custodial deaths per year compared to 110 in India. China, on the other hand, is often under scrutiny over human rights.
A study by Amnesty International — more than 21,000 people in 21 countries participated in the survey — concluded that international rules against torture are implemented the least in India, along with Argentina, Mexico, Nigeria and Peru.
Interestingly, 74% respondents in India felt torture was justified to gain information.
