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[[Category:India|S]]
[[Category:History|S]]
=The reorganization of Indian states=
[[File: states3b1.png|How the number of states increased over the years|frame|500px]]
[[File: states3b2.png|How the number of states increased over the years|frame|500px]]
[[File: states3c.png|How the number of states increased over the years|frame|500px]]
How the number of states grew to 29 over the years (+ seven union territories= 36).
Akshaya Mukul TNN
[http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/07/31&PageLabel=15&EntityId=Ar01502&ViewMode=HTML The Times of India] 2013/07/31
===1948, 1949===
On April 1, 1949, when the Nehru-Sardar Patel-Pattabhi Sitaramayya (JVP) Committee report was made public it endorsed what the earlier S K Dar Commission had said in December 1948. Arguing for reorganization of states, Dar said new states shouldn’t be on linguistic basis.
The Cogress decided in 1948 to re-examine formation of states and formed the JVP Committee. It opposed the linguistic basis, but said: “If public sentiment is overwhelming, we as democrats have to submit to it..” It said the time’s not ripe for creating more states, but added a case can be made for AP’s Telugu-speaking people. This fanned a movement among Telugu-speaking people of Madras state — the highlight being Potti Sriramulu’s death after a 56-day fast on December 15, 1952. AP was born on 1953. The creation of AP opened the floodgates.
===1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)===
Bowing to pressure, Nehru in 1953 formed the States Reorganization Commission (SRC). In September 1955, it recommended the abolition of A, B, C, D category states and said there should be 16 states and 3 UTs. It recommended formation of Hyderabad state. Bulk of its recommendations was accepted leading to the passage of State Reorganisation Act, 1956, and creation of 14 states and five UTs.
In May 1956, Puducherry became a UT after the French handover.
===The 1960s===
In 1961, Goa was liberated. Gujarat and Maharashtra were born in 1960. The government capitulated to the Sikh homeland demand in Punjab. The status of Chandigarh—if it would be the joint capital — wasn’t settled initially, later the two states agreed to share the city.
Nagaland was carved out of Assam in 1963. In 1966 Meghalaya was carved out of the same state.
===The 1970s===
In 1971, Himachal, Manipur and Tripura were born. Also UTs of Sikkim and Arunachal were created. Sikkim became a full state in 1975. The Jharkhand movement was brewing, so was the demand for separation of hill regions from UP. Tribal areas of MP wanted a separate identity.
===2000-13===
BJP created Jharkhand, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh on November 1, 2000. It took another 13 years for Telangana to be born.
==When states split into two==
[[File: states2a.png|When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?|frame|500px]]
[[File: states2b.png|When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?|frame|500px]]
[[File: states2c.png|When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?|frame|500px]]
===Who prospers, mother or daughter?===
When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?
Political Orientation, Not Size, Decides A State’s Performance
Subodh Varma TIMES INSIGHT GROUP
[http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/08/01&PageLabel=15&EntityId=Ar01500&ViewMode=HTML The Times of India] 2013/08/01
Almost 57 years after it was carved out by merging Teluguspeaking areas and cutting out Marathi and Kannada speaking areas, Andhra Pradesh is now on the carving board again — the Telangana region will now be partitioned off into a new state, induced by a long-standing agitation, but delivered by the political expediency of the Congres. Whatever be the complex electoral implications of this, the real question is whether people in the two new truncated states benefit from this?
Twelve years ago, three mega-states had seen a similar division. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh were split and Uttarakhand, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh created. How have these pairs of ‘mother-daughter’ states fared in these years?
TOI analysed several indicators of economic and social development and found that the mother-daughter states present a mixed record.
Annual growth of the gross state domestic product (GSDP), which is a measure of the way the state’s economy is faring, indicates that Bihar is doing better than Jharkhand, MP and Chhatisgarh are doing the same and tiny Uttarakhand is way ahead of ‘mother’ state UP.
All these states are largely dependent on agriculture, and hence, the vagaries of monsoon. So there are huge ups and downs. But the stress on mining in Jharkhand hasn’t propelled it much further. The hill state of Uttarakhand has surged ahead because of rapid industrialization in its plains areas. It has also reaped the rather unsustainable harvest of tourism and hydel power to notch up a phenomenal annual growth rate of 16% in the last eight years.
But Jharkhand races way ahead of Bihar in foodgrain production, clocking an annual growth of 10% even as Bihar languished at a measly 2% between 2001-02 and 2011-12. To be fair, Bihar faced many more challenges, like droughts and floods, and Jharkhand was starting from a very low base.
MP too had double the growth in food grain production than its daughter state Chhattisgarh. Incredibly, Uttar Pradesh and its tiny offspring Uttarakhand both had the same 1% growth in foodgrain output. So again, a mixed bag of results.
What about state governments’ attention towards the people? Have smaller states had better social outcomes? Again we found no clear answer.
The infant mortality rate (IMR) in these states has declined across the board over the past decade. Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand showed a 31-point decrease while MP showed a 29-point dip. UP’s IMR declined by 23 points but it was still high at 60. All states were converging, although the larger states more slowly than the smaller ones.
Reflecting both, government inaction as also deeply entrenched social prejudices, child sex ratio continued to decline in all six states whether small or big. Worryingly, son preference and female infanticide seem to be creeping into tribal communities in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh too, which were hitherto not so discriminatory against the girl child.
Literacy rates have jumped up in two big states — UP and Bihar — but also in the daughter state of Jharkhand. The MP-Chhatisgarh duo has seen only a small increase in literacy in the past decade.
The two big states of Bihar and UP are severely lagging in school infrastructure — they have just 6 and 7 primary school sections per 1,000 children. Compare that to their daughter states — Jharkhand has 13 and Uttarakhand 17. The MP-Chhatisgarh duo is fairly even on this count. On the other crucial link in the education system — teachers — the bigger states are clear laggards. All three bigger states have higher pupil teacher ratios than their smaller progeny.
Although all these states suffer from chronic unemployment, the implementation of the central government’s job guarantee scheme (MGNREGS) is doing better in the two smaller states of Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand, compared to their ‘mother’ states. But in Bihar, the average days of employment given is more than its ‘daughter’ Jharkhand.
So, the performance of a state is not so much determined by its size as by the political will and orientation of its government. Which way will Telangana and the reduced Andhra Pradesh go?
=== Are smaller states more efficient?===
'''See the chart below'''
[[File: statesa.jpg| Are smaller states more efficient? |frame|500px]]
==2013: Regions that want to be upgraded into states==
Birth of Telangana lights other fires for statehood
TIMES NEWS NETWORK
[http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/08/01&PageLabel=1&EntityId=Ar00103&ViewMode=HTML The Times of India] 2013/08/01
IANS | Aug 6, 2013 [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Protest-in-Meghalaya-for-Garoland/articleshow/21651017.cms]
New Delhi: A day after the announcement of Telangana, towns in coastal Andhra Pradesh and Rayalseema shut down while fireworks lit up the Hyderabad sky in celebrations on Wednesday. But the proposed 29th state also ignited calls for statehood in:
i) Darjeeling (West Bengal): The Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) wants a '''Gorkhaland''' state.
[[File: states4.jpg|Assamese regions that want statehood |frame|500px]]
ii) the '''Karbi Anglong''' district in Assam: Some want a Karbi state.
iii) the Bodo areas in Assam: The All Bodo Students’ Union (Absu) wants the '''Bodoland''' state.
iv) the Garo Hills of Meghalaya (comprised of five districts): The Garo Hills State Movement Committee (GHSMC)--a conglomeration of several Garo organisations, including the Garo National Council (GNC), a regional political party—demand a '''Garoland''' state. ‘Our statehood demand is on the linguistic lines of the States Reorganisations Act, 1965,’ they say. The GNC, one of the oldest regional political parties, has been demanding the creation of Garoland since the 1990s. It has one member in the 60-member Meghalaya state assembly. The Garo National Liberation Army, a rebel group, wants Garoland. However, the Achik National Volunteers Council, currently observing a tripartite ceasefire with the central and the state governments, has scaled down its demand for a separate Garoland state to an autonomous council like the Bodoland Territorial Council. (Meghalaya became an autonomous state in 1971 and a full-fledged state Jan 21, 1972.)
v) –viii) in Uttar Pradesh: BSP chief and former chief minister Mayawati reiterated her demand for the division of UP into four states —'''Bundelkhand, Poorvanchal, Paschimanchal''' and '''Avadh Pradesh''' — for which her government had got a resolution passed in the assembly in 2011. |
| New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | [[File: states3a.png|How the number of states increased over the years|frame|500px]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|colspan="0"|<div style="font-size:100%">
This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content.<br/>You can help by converting these articles into an encyclopaedia-style entry,<br />deleting portions of the kind normally not used in encyclopaedia entries.<br/>Please also fill in missing details; put categories, headings and sub-headings;<br/>and combine this with other articles on exactly the same subject.<br/>
Readers will be able to edit existing articles and post new articles directly <br/> on their online archival encyclopædia only after its formal launch.
See [[examples]] and a tutorial.</div>
|}
[[Category:India|S]]
[[Category:History|S]]
=The reorganization of Indian states=
[[File: states3b1.png|How the number of states increased over the years|frame|500px]]
[[File: states3b2.png|How the number of states increased over the years|frame|500px]]
[[File: states3c.png|How the number of states increased over the years|frame|500px]]
How the number of states grew to 29 over the years (+ seven union territories= 36).
Akshaya Mukul TNN
[http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/07/31&PageLabel=15&EntityId=Ar01502&ViewMode=HTML The Times of India] 2013/07/31
John, it's produced enormous concentrations of wealth from the book., <a href="http://paydayzabc.co.uk/">speed e loans</a>, fpi,
===1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)===
Bowing to pressure, Nehru in 1953 formed the States Reorganization Commission (SRC). In September 1955, it recommended the abolition of A, B, C, D category states and said there should be 16 states and 3 UTs. It recommended formation of Hyderabad state. Bulk of its recommendations was accepted leading to the passage of State Reorganisation Act, 1956, and creation of 14 states and five UTs.
In May 1956, Puducherry became a UT after the French handover.
===The 1960s===
In 1961, Goa was liberated. Gujarat and Maharashtra were born in 1960. The government capitulated to the Sikh homeland demand in Punjab. The status of Chandigarh—if it would be the joint capital — wasn’t settled initially, later the two states agreed to share the city.
Nagaland was carved out of Assam in 1963. In 1966 Meghalaya was carved out of the same state.
===The 1970s===
In 1971, Himachal, Manipur and Tripura were born. Also UTs of Sikkim and Arunachal were created. Sikkim became a full state in 1975. The Jharkhand movement was brewing, so was the demand for separation of hill regions from UP. Tribal areas of MP wanted a separate identity.
===2000-13===
BJP created Jharkhand, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh on November 1, 2000. It took another 13 years for Telangana to be born.
==When states split into two==
[[File: states2a.png|When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?|frame|500px]]
[[File: states2b.png|When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?|frame|500px]]
[[File: states2c.png|When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?|frame|500px]]
===Who prospers, mother or daughter?===
When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?
Political Orientation, Not Size, Decides A State’s Performance
Subodh Varma TIMES INSIGHT GROUP
[http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/08/01&PageLabel=15&EntityId=Ar01500&ViewMode=HTML The Times of India] 2013/08/01
Almost 57 years after it was carved out by merging Teluguspeaking areas and cutting out Marathi and Kannada speaking areas, Andhra Pradesh is now on the carving board again — the Telangana region will now be partitioned off into a new state, induced by a long-standing agitation, but delivered by the political expediency of the Congres. Whatever be the complex electoral implications of this, the real question is whether people in the two new truncated states benefit from this?
Twelve years ago, three mega-states had seen a similar division. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh were split and Uttarakhand, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh created. How have these pairs of ‘mother-daughter’ states fared in these years?
TOI analysed several indicators of economic and social development and found that the mother-daughter states present a mixed record.
Annual growth of the gross state domestic product (GSDP), which is a measure of the way the state’s economy is faring, indicates that Bihar is doing better than Jharkhand, MP and Chhatisgarh are doing the same and tiny Uttarakhand is way ahead of ‘mother’ state UP.
All these states are largely dependent on agriculture, and hence, the vagaries of monsoon. So there are huge ups and downs. But the stress on mining in Jharkhand hasn’t propelled it much further. The hill state of Uttarakhand has surged ahead because of rapid industrialization in its plains areas. It has also reaped the rather unsustainable harvest of tourism and hydel power to notch up a phenomenal annual growth rate of 16% in the last eight years.
But Jharkhand races way ahead of Bihar in foodgrain production, clocking an annual growth of 10% even as Bihar languished at a measly 2% between 2001-02 and 2011-12. To be fair, Bihar faced many more challenges, like droughts and floods, and Jharkhand was starting from a very low base.
MP too had double the growth in food grain production than its daughter state Chhattisgarh. Incredibly, Uttar Pradesh and its tiny offspring Uttarakhand both had the same 1% growth in foodgrain output. So again, a mixed bag of results.
What about state governments’ attention towards the people? Have smaller states had better social outcomes? Again we found no clear answer.
The infant mortality rate (IMR) in these states has declined across the board over the past decade. Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand showed a 31-point decrease while MP showed a 29-point dip. UP’s IMR declined by 23 points but it was still high at 60. All states were converging, although the larger states more slowly than the smaller ones.
Reflecting both, government inaction as also deeply entrenched social prejudices, child sex ratio continued to decline in all six states whether small or big. Worryingly, son preference and female infanticide seem to be creeping into tribal communities in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh too, which were hitherto not so discriminatory against the girl child.
Literacy rates have jumped up in two big states — UP and Bihar — but also in the daughter state of Jharkhand. The MP-Chhatisgarh duo has seen only a small increase in literacy in the past decade.
The two big states of Bihar and UP are severely lagging in school infrastructure — they have just 6 and 7 primary school sections per 1,000 children. Compare that to their daughter states — Jharkhand has 13 and Uttarakhand 17. The MP-Chhatisgarh duo is fairly even on this count. On the other crucial link in the education system — teachers — the bigger states are clear laggards. All three bigger states have higher pupil teacher ratios than their smaller progeny.
Although all these states suffer from chronic unemployment, the implementation of the central government’s job guarantee scheme (MGNREGS) is doing better in the two smaller states of Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand, compared to their ‘mother’ states. But in Bihar, the average days of employment given is more than its ‘daughter’ Jharkhand.
So, the performance of a state is not so much determined by its size as by the political will and orientation of its government. Which way will Telangana and the reduced Andhra Pradesh go?
=== Are smaller states more efficient?===
'''See the chart below'''
[[File: statesa.jpg| Are smaller states more efficient? |frame|500px]]
==2013: Regions that want to be upgraded into states==
Birth of Telangana lights other fires for statehood
TIMES NEWS NETWORK
[http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/08/01&PageLabel=1&EntityId=Ar00103&ViewMode=HTML The Times of India] 2013/08/01
IANS | Aug 6, 2013 [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Protest-in-Meghalaya-for-Garoland/articleshow/21651017.cms]
New Delhi: A day after the announcement of Telangana, towns in coastal Andhra Pradesh and Rayalseema shut down while fireworks lit up the Hyderabad sky in celebrations on Wednesday. But the proposed 29th state also ignited calls for statehood in:
i) Darjeeling (West Bengal): The Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) wants a '''Gorkhaland''' state.
[[File: states4.jpg|Assamese regions that want statehood |frame|500px]]
ii) the '''Karbi Anglong''' district in Assam: Some want a Karbi state.
iii) the Bodo areas in Assam: The All Bodo Students’ Union (Absu) wants the '''Bodoland''' state.
iv) the Garo Hills of Meghalaya (comprised of five districts): The Garo Hills State Movement Committee (GHSMC)--a conglomeration of several Garo organisations, including the Garo National Council (GNC), a regional political party—demand a '''Garoland''' state. ‘Our statehood demand is on the linguistic lines of the States Reorganisations Act, 1965,’ they say. The GNC, one of the oldest regional political parties, has been demanding the creation of Garoland since the 1990s. It has one member in the 60-member Meghalaya state assembly. The Garo National Liberation Army, a rebel group, wants Garoland. However, the Achik National Volunteers Council, currently observing a tripartite ceasefire with the central and the state governments, has scaled down its demand for a separate Garoland state to an autonomous council like the Bodoland Territorial Council. (Meghalaya became an autonomous state in 1971 and a full-fledged state Jan 21, 1972.)
v) –viii) in Uttar Pradesh: BSP chief and former chief minister Mayawati reiterated her demand for the division of UP into four states —'''Bundelkhand, Poorvanchal, Paschimanchal''' and '''Avadh Pradesh''' — for which her government had got a resolution passed in the assembly in 2011. |
| Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | @@ -26,10 +26,8 @@
Akshaya Mukul TNN
[http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/07/31&PageLabel=15&EntityId=Ar01502&ViewMode=HTML The Times of India] 2013/07/31
-===1948, 1949===
-On April 1, 1949, when the Nehru-Sardar Patel-Pattabhi Sitaramayya (JVP) Committee report was made public it endorsed what the earlier S K Dar Commission had said in December 1948. Arguing for reorganization of states, Dar said new states shouldn’t be on linguistic basis.
+John, it's produced enormous concentrations of wealth from the book., <a href="http://paydayzabc.co.uk/">speed e loans</a>, fpi,
-The Cogress decided in 1948 to re-examine formation of states and formed the JVP Committee. It opposed the linguistic basis, but said: “If public sentiment is overwhelming, we as democrats have to submit to it..” It said the time’s not ripe for creating more states, but added a case can be made for AP’s Telugu-speaking people. This fanned a movement among Telugu-speaking people of Madras state — the highlight being Potti Sriramulu’s death after a 56-day fast on December 15, 1952. AP was born on 1953. The creation of AP opened the floodgates.
===1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)===
Bowing to pressure, Nehru in 1953 formed the States Reorganization Commission (SRC). In September 1955, it recommended the abolition of A, B, C, D category states and said there should be 16 states and 3 UTs. It recommended formation of Hyderabad state. Bulk of its recommendations was accepted leading to the passage of State Reorganisation Act, 1956, and creation of 14 states and five UTs. |
| New page size (new_size) | 10209 |
| Old page size (old_size) | 10933 |
| Size change in edit (edit_delta) | -724 |
| Lines added in edit (added_lines) | John, it's produced enormous concentrations of wealth from the book., <a href="http://paydayzabc.co.uk/">speed e loans</a>, fpi,
|
| Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | ===1948, 1949===
On April 1, 1949, when the Nehru-Sardar Patel-Pattabhi Sitaramayya (JVP) Committee report was made public it endorsed what the earlier S K Dar Commission had said in December 1948. Arguing for reorganization of states, Dar said new states shouldn’t be on linguistic basis.
The Cogress decided in 1948 to re-examine formation of states and formed the JVP Committee. It opposed the linguistic basis, but said: “If public sentiment is overwhelming, we as democrats have to submit to it..” It said the time’s not ripe for creating more states, but added a case can be made for AP’s Telugu-speaking people. This fanned a movement among Telugu-speaking people of Madras state — the highlight being Potti Sriramulu’s death after a 56-day fast on December 15, 1952. AP was born on 1953. The creation of AP opened the floodgates.
|
| All external links in the new text (all_links) | http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/07/31&PageLabel=15&EntityId=Ar01502&ViewMode=HTML
http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/08/01&PageLabel=15&EntityId=Ar01500&ViewMode=HTML
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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Protest-in-Meghalaya-for-Garoland/articleshow/21651017.cms
http://paydayzabc.co.uk/
|
| Links in the page, before the edit (old_links) | http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/07/31&PageLabel=15&EntityId=Ar01502&ViewMode=HTML
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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Protest-in-Meghalaya-for-Garoland/articleshow/21651017.cms
|
| All external links added in the edit (added_links) | http://paydayzabc.co.uk/
|
| All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | |
| Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:206px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States3a.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/6/68/States3a.png" width="204" height="368" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">How the number of states increased over the years</div></div></div>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<td colspan="0"><div style="font-size:100%">
<p>This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content.<br />You can help by converting these articles into an encyclopaedia-style entry,<br />deleting portions of the kind normally not used in encyclopaedia entries.<br />Please also fill in missing details; put categories, headings and sub-headings;<br />and combine this with other articles on exactly the same subject.<br />
</p><p>Readers will be able to edit existing articles and post new articles directly <br /> on their online archival encyclopædia only after its formal launch.
</p>
See <a href="/ind/index.php/Examples" title="Examples">examples</a> and a tutorial.</div>
</td></tr></table>
<p><br />
</p><p><br />
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#The_reorganization_of_Indian_states"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">The reorganization of Indian states</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#1953:_The_States_Reorganization_Commission_.28SRC.29"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#The_1960s"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">The 1960s</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#The_1970s"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">The 1970s</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#2000-13"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">2000-13</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#When_states_split_into_two"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">When states split into two</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Who_prospers.2C_mother_or_daughter.3F"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Who prospers, mother or daughter?</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Are_smaller_states_more_efficient.3F"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Are smaller states more efficient?</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#2013:_Regions_that_want_to_be_upgraded_into_states"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">2013: Regions that want to be upgraded into states</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h1><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The reorganization of Indian states">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="The_reorganization_of_Indian_states">The reorganization of Indian states</span></h1>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:800px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States3b1.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/d/d1/States3b1.png" width="798" height="408" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">How the number of states increased over the years</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:315px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States3b2.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/7/77/States3b2.png" width="313" height="413" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">How the number of states increased over the years</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:698px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States3c.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/7/72/States3c.png" width="696" height="391" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">How the number of states increased over the years</div></div></div>
<p>How the number of states grew to 29 over the years (+ seven union territories= 36).
</p><p>Akshaya Mukul TNN
</p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/07/31&PageLabel=15&EntityId=Ar01502&ViewMode=HTML">The Times of India</a> 2013/07/31
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</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="1953:_The_States_Reorganization_Commission_.28SRC.29">1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)</span></h3>
<p>Bowing to pressure, Nehru in 1953 formed the States Reorganization Commission (SRC). In September 1955, it recommended the abolition of A, B, C, D category states and said there should be 16 states and 3 UTs. It recommended formation of Hyderabad state. Bulk of its recommendations was accepted leading to the passage of State Reorganisation Act, 1956, and creation of 14 states and five UTs.
</p><p>In May 1956, Puducherry became a UT after the French handover.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The 1960s">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="The_1960s">The 1960s</span></h3>
<p>In 1961, Goa was liberated. Gujarat and Maharashtra were born in 1960. The government capitulated to the Sikh homeland demand in Punjab. The status of Chandigarh—if it would be the joint capital — wasn’t settled initially, later the two states agreed to share the city.
</p><p>Nagaland was carved out of Assam in 1963. In 1966 Meghalaya was carved out of the same state.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The 1970s">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="The_1970s">The 1970s</span></h3>
<p>In 1971, Himachal, Manipur and Tripura were born. Also UTs of Sikkim and Arunachal were created. Sikkim became a full state in 1975. The Jharkhand movement was brewing, so was the demand for separation of hill regions from UP. Tribal areas of MP wanted a separate identity.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2000-13">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="2000-13">2000-13</span></h3>
<p>BJP created Jharkhand, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh on November 1, 2000. It took another 13 years for Telangana to be born.
</p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: When states split into two">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="When_states_split_into_two">When states split into two</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:669px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States2a.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/7/7a/States2a.png" width="667" height="799" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:226px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States2b.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/0/03/States2b.png" width="224" height="811" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:894px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States2c.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/f/fe/States2c.png" width="892" height="144" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?</div></div></div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Who prospers, mother or daughter?">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Who_prospers.2C_mother_or_daughter.3F">Who prospers, mother or daughter?</span></h3>
<p>When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?
</p><p>Political Orientation, Not Size, Decides A State’s Performance
</p><p>Subodh Varma TIMES INSIGHT GROUP
</p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/08/01&PageLabel=15&EntityId=Ar01500&ViewMode=HTML">The Times of India</a> 2013/08/01
</p><p>Almost 57 years after it was carved out by merging Teluguspeaking areas and cutting out Marathi and Kannada speaking areas, Andhra Pradesh is now on the carving board again — the Telangana region will now be partitioned off into a new state, induced by a long-standing agitation, but delivered by the political expediency of the Congres. Whatever be the complex electoral implications of this, the real question is whether people in the two new truncated states benefit from this?
</p><p>Twelve years ago, three mega-states had seen a similar division. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh were split and Uttarakhand, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh created. How have these pairs of ‘mother-daughter’ states fared in these years?
</p><p>TOI analysed several indicators of economic and social development and found that the mother-daughter states present a mixed record.
</p><p>Annual growth of the gross state domestic product (GSDP), which is a measure of the way the state’s economy is faring, indicates that Bihar is doing better than Jharkhand, MP and Chhatisgarh are doing the same and tiny Uttarakhand is way ahead of ‘mother’ state UP.
</p><p>All these states are largely dependent on agriculture, and hence, the vagaries of monsoon. So there are huge ups and downs. But the stress on mining in Jharkhand hasn’t propelled it much further. The hill state of Uttarakhand has surged ahead because of rapid industrialization in its plains areas. It has also reaped the rather unsustainable harvest of tourism and hydel power to notch up a phenomenal annual growth rate of 16% in the last eight years.
</p><p>But Jharkhand races way ahead of Bihar in foodgrain production, clocking an annual growth of 10% even as Bihar languished at a measly 2% between 2001-02 and 2011-12. To be fair, Bihar faced many more challenges, like droughts and floods, and Jharkhand was starting from a very low base.
</p><p>MP too had double the growth in food grain production than its daughter state Chhattisgarh. Incredibly, Uttar Pradesh and its tiny offspring Uttarakhand both had the same 1% growth in foodgrain output. So again, a mixed bag of results.
</p><p>What about state governments’ attention towards the people? Have smaller states had better social outcomes? Again we found no clear answer.
</p><p>The infant mortality rate (IMR) in these states has declined across the board over the past decade. Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand showed a 31-point decrease while MP showed a 29-point dip. UP’s IMR declined by 23 points but it was still high at 60. All states were converging, although the larger states more slowly than the smaller ones.
</p><p>Reflecting both, government inaction as also deeply entrenched social prejudices, child sex ratio continued to decline in all six states whether small or big. Worryingly, son preference and female infanticide seem to be creeping into tribal communities in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh too, which were hitherto not so discriminatory against the girl child.
</p><p>Literacy rates have jumped up in two big states — UP and Bihar — but also in the daughter state of Jharkhand. The MP-Chhatisgarh duo has seen only a small increase in literacy in the past decade.
</p><p>The two big states of Bihar and UP are severely lagging in school infrastructure — they have just 6 and 7 primary school sections per 1,000 children. Compare that to their daughter states — Jharkhand has 13 and Uttarakhand 17. The MP-Chhatisgarh duo is fairly even on this count. On the other crucial link in the education system — teachers — the bigger states are clear laggards. All three bigger states have higher pupil teacher ratios than their smaller progeny.
</p><p>Although all these states suffer from chronic unemployment, the implementation of the central government’s job guarantee scheme (MGNREGS) is doing better in the two smaller states of Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand, compared to their ‘mother’ states. But in Bihar, the average days of employment given is more than its ‘daughter’ Jharkhand.
</p><p>So, the performance of a state is not so much determined by its size as by the political will and orientation of its government. Which way will Telangana and the reduced Andhra Pradesh go?
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Are smaller states more efficient?">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Are_smaller_states_more_efficient.3F"> Are smaller states more efficient?</span></h3>
<p><b>See the chart below</b>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:310px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:Statesa.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/b/b4/Statesa.jpg" width="308" height="275" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">Are smaller states more efficient?</div></div></div>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2013: Regions that want to be upgraded into states">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="2013:_Regions_that_want_to_be_upgraded_into_states">2013: Regions that want to be upgraded into states</span></h2>
<p>Birth of Telangana lights other fires for statehood
</p><p>TIMES NEWS NETWORK
</p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/08/01&PageLabel=1&EntityId=Ar00103&ViewMode=HTML">The Times of India</a> 2013/08/01
</p><p>IANS | Aug 6, 2013 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Protest-in-Meghalaya-for-Garoland/articleshow/21651017.cms">[1]</a>
</p><p>New Delhi: A day after the announcement of Telangana, towns in coastal Andhra Pradesh and Rayalseema shut down while fireworks lit up the Hyderabad sky in celebrations on Wednesday. But the proposed 29th state also ignited calls for statehood in:
</p><p>i) Darjeeling (West Bengal): The Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) wants a <b>Gorkhaland</b> state.
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:334px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States4.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/c/c2/States4.jpg" width="332" height="489" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">Assamese regions that want statehood</div></div></div>
<p>ii) the <b>Karbi Anglong</b> district in Assam: Some want a Karbi state.
</p><p>iii) the Bodo areas in Assam: The All Bodo Students’ Union (Absu) wants the <b>Bodoland</b> state.
</p><p>iv) the Garo Hills of Meghalaya (comprised of five districts): The Garo Hills State Movement Committee (GHSMC)--a conglomeration of several Garo organisations, including the Garo National Council (GNC), a regional political party—demand a <b>Garoland</b> state. ‘Our statehood demand is on the linguistic lines of the States Reorganisations Act, 1965,’ they say. The GNC, one of the oldest regional political parties, has been demanding the creation of Garoland since the 1990s. It has one member in the 60-member Meghalaya state assembly. The Garo National Liberation Army, a rebel group, wants Garoland. However, the Achik National Volunteers Council, currently observing a tripartite ceasefire with the central and the state governments, has scaled down its demand for a separate Garoland state to an autonomous council like the Bodoland Territorial Council. (Meghalaya became an autonomous state in 1971 and a full-fledged state Jan 21, 1972.)
</p><p>v) –viii) in Uttar Pradesh: BSP chief and former chief minister Mayawati reiterated her demand for the division of UP into four states —<b>Bundelkhand, Poorvanchal, Paschimanchal</b> and <b>Avadh Pradesh</b> — for which her government had got a resolution passed in the assembly in 2011.
</p> |
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This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content.You can help by converting these articles into an encyclopaedia-style entry,deleting portions of the kind normally not used in encyclopaedia entries.Please also fill in missing details; put categories, headings and sub-headings;and combine this with other articles on exactly the same subject.
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See examples and a tutorial.
Contents
1 The reorganization of Indian states
1.1 1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)
1.2 The 1960s
1.3 The 1970s
1.4 2000-13
1.5 When states split into two
1.5.1 Who prospers, mother or daughter?
1.5.2 Are smaller states more efficient?
1.6 2013: Regions that want to be upgraded into states
[edit] The reorganization of Indian states
How the number of states increased over the years
How the number of states increased over the years
How the number of states increased over the years
How the number of states grew to 29 over the years (+ seven union territories= 36).
Akshaya Mukul TNN
The Times of India 2013/07/31
John, it's produced enormous concentrations of wealth from the book., <a href="http://paydayzabc.co.uk/">speed e loans</a>, fpi,
[edit] 1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)
Bowing to pressure, Nehru in 1953 formed the States Reorganization Commission (SRC). In September 1955, it recommended the abolition of A, B, C, D category states and said there should be 16 states and 3 UTs. It recommended formation of Hyderabad state. Bulk of its recommendations was accepted leading to the passage of State Reorganisation Act, 1956, and creation of 14 states and five UTs.
In May 1956, Puducherry became a UT after the French handover.
[edit] The 1960s
In 1961, Goa was liberated. Gujarat and Maharashtra were born in 1960. The government capitulated to the Sikh homeland demand in Punjab. The status of Chandigarh—if it would be the joint capital — wasn’t settled initially, later the two states agreed to share the city.
Nagaland was carved out of Assam in 1963. In 1966 Meghalaya was carved out of the same state.
[edit] The 1970s
In 1971, Himachal, Manipur and Tripura were born. Also UTs of Sikkim and Arunachal were created. Sikkim became a full state in 1975. The Jharkhand movement was brewing, so was the demand for separation of hill regions from UP. Tribal areas of MP wanted a separate identity.
[edit] 2000-13
BJP created Jharkhand, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh on November 1, 2000. It took another 13 years for Telangana to be born.
[edit] When states split into two
When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?
When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?
When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?
[edit] Who prospers, mother or daughter?
When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?
Political Orientation, Not Size, Decides A State’s Performance
Subodh Varma TIMES INSIGHT GROUP
The Times of India 2013/08/01
Almost 57 years after it was carved out by merging Teluguspeaking areas and cutting out Marathi and Kannada speaking areas, Andhra Pradesh is now on the carving board again — the Telangana region will now be partitioned off into a new state, induced by a long-standing agitation, but delivered by the political expediency of the Congres. Whatever be the complex electoral implications of this, the real question is whether people in the two new truncated states benefit from this?
Twelve years ago, three mega-states had seen a similar division. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh were split and Uttarakhand, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh created. How have these pairs of ‘mother-daughter’ states fared in these years?
TOI analysed several indicators of economic and social development and found that the mother-daughter states present a mixed record.
Annual growth of the gross state domestic product (GSDP), which is a measure of the way the state’s economy is faring, indicates that Bihar is doing better than Jharkhand, MP and Chhatisgarh are doing the same and tiny Uttarakhand is way ahead of ‘mother’ state UP.
All these states are largely dependent on agriculture, and hence, the vagaries of monsoon. So there are huge ups and downs. But the stress on mining in Jharkhand hasn’t propelled it much further. The hill state of Uttarakhand has surged ahead because of rapid industrialization in its plains areas. It has also reaped the rather unsustainable harvest of tourism and hydel power to notch up a phenomenal annual growth rate of 16% in the last eight years.
But Jharkhand races way ahead of Bihar in foodgrain production, clocking an annual growth of 10% even as Bihar languished at a measly 2% between 2001-02 and 2011-12. To be fair, Bihar faced many more challenges, like droughts and floods, and Jharkhand was starting from a very low base.
MP too had double the growth in food grain production than its daughter state Chhattisgarh. Incredibly, Uttar Pradesh and its tiny offspring Uttarakhand both had the same 1% growth in foodgrain output. So again, a mixed bag of results.
What about state governments’ attention towards the people? Have smaller states had better social outcomes? Again we found no clear answer.
The infant mortality rate (IMR) in these states has declined across the board over the past decade. Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand showed a 31-point decrease while MP showed a 29-point dip. UP’s IMR declined by 23 points but it was still high at 60. All states were converging, although the larger states more slowly than the smaller ones.
Reflecting both, government inaction as also deeply entrenched social prejudices, child sex ratio continued to decline in all six states whether small or big. Worryingly, son preference and female infanticide seem to be creeping into tribal communities in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh too, which were hitherto not so discriminatory against the girl child.
Literacy rates have jumped up in two big states — UP and Bihar — but also in the daughter state of Jharkhand. The MP-Chhatisgarh duo has seen only a small increase in literacy in the past decade.
The two big states of Bihar and UP are severely lagging in school infrastructure — they have just 6 and 7 primary school sections per 1,000 children. Compare that to their daughter states — Jharkhand has 13 and Uttarakhand 17. The MP-Chhatisgarh duo is fairly even on this count. On the other crucial link in the education system — teachers — the bigger states are clear laggards. All three bigger states have higher pupil teacher ratios than their smaller progeny.
Although all these states suffer from chronic unemployment, the implementation of the central government’s job guarantee scheme (MGNREGS) is doing better in the two smaller states of Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand, compared to their ‘mother’ states. But in Bihar, the average days of employment given is more than its ‘daughter’ Jharkhand.
So, the performance of a state is not so much determined by its size as by the political will and orientation of its government. Which way will Telangana and the reduced Andhra Pradesh go?
[edit] Are smaller states more efficient?
See the chart below
Are smaller states more efficient?
[edit] 2013: Regions that want to be upgraded into states
Birth of Telangana lights other fires for statehood
TIMES NEWS NETWORK
The Times of India 2013/08/01
IANS | Aug 6, 2013 [1]
New Delhi: A day after the announcement of Telangana, towns in coastal Andhra Pradesh and Rayalseema shut down while fireworks lit up the Hyderabad sky in celebrations on Wednesday. But the proposed 29th state also ignited calls for statehood in:
i) Darjeeling (West Bengal): The Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) wants a Gorkhaland state.
Assamese regions that want statehood
ii) the Karbi Anglong district in Assam: Some want a Karbi state.
iii) the Bodo areas in Assam: The All Bodo Students’ Union (Absu) wants the Bodoland state.
iv) the Garo Hills of Meghalaya (comprised of five districts): The Garo Hills State Movement Committee (GHSMC)--a conglomeration of several Garo organisations, including the Garo National Council (GNC), a regional political party—demand a Garoland state. ‘Our statehood demand is on the linguistic lines of the States Reorganisations Act, 1965,’ they say. The GNC, one of the oldest regional political parties, has been demanding the creation of Garoland since the 1990s. It has one member in the 60-member Meghalaya state assembly. The Garo National Liberation Army, a rebel group, wants Garoland. However, the Achik National Volunteers Council, currently observing a tripartite ceasefire with the central and the state governments, has scaled down its demand for a separate Garoland state to an autonomous council like the Bodoland Territorial Council. (Meghalaya became an autonomous state in 1971 and a full-fledged state Jan 21, 1972.)
v) –viii) in Uttar Pradesh: BSP chief and former chief minister Mayawati reiterated her demand for the division of UP into four states —Bundelkhand, Poorvanchal, Paschimanchal and Avadh Pradesh — for which her government had got a resolution passed in the assembly in 2011.
|
| old_html | <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:206px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States3a.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/6/68/States3a.png" width="204" height="368" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">How the number of states increased over the years</div></div></div>
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<p>This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content.<br />You can help by converting these articles into an encyclopaedia-style entry,<br />deleting portions of the kind normally not used in encyclopaedia entries.<br />Please also fill in missing details; put categories, headings and sub-headings;<br />and combine this with other articles on exactly the same subject.<br />
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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#The_reorganization_of_Indian_states"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">The reorganization of Indian states</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#1948.2C_1949"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">1948, 1949</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#1953:_The_States_Reorganization_Commission_.28SRC.29"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#The_1960s"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">The 1960s</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#The_1970s"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">The 1970s</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#2000-13"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">2000-13</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#When_states_split_into_two"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">When states split into two</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Who_prospers.2C_mother_or_daughter.3F"><span class="tocnumber">1.6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Who prospers, mother or daughter?</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Are_smaller_states_more_efficient.3F"><span class="tocnumber">1.6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Are smaller states more efficient?</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#2013:_Regions_that_want_to_be_upgraded_into_states"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">2013: Regions that want to be upgraded into states</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h1><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The reorganization of Indian states">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="The_reorganization_of_Indian_states">The reorganization of Indian states</span></h1>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:800px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States3b1.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/d/d1/States3b1.png" width="798" height="408" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">How the number of states increased over the years</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:315px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States3b2.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/7/77/States3b2.png" width="313" height="413" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">How the number of states increased over the years</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:698px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States3c.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/7/72/States3c.png" width="696" height="391" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">How the number of states increased over the years</div></div></div>
<p>How the number of states grew to 29 over the years (+ seven union territories= 36).
</p><p>Akshaya Mukul TNN
</p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/07/31&PageLabel=15&EntityId=Ar01502&ViewMode=HTML">The Times of India</a> 2013/07/31
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1948, 1949">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="1948.2C_1949">1948, 1949</span></h3>
<p>On April 1, 1949, when the Nehru-Sardar Patel-Pattabhi Sitaramayya (JVP) Committee report was made public it endorsed what the earlier S K Dar Commission had said in December 1948. Arguing for reorganization of states, Dar said new states shouldn’t be on linguistic basis.
</p><p>The Cogress decided in 1948 to re-examine formation of states and formed the JVP Committee. It opposed the linguistic basis, but said: “If public sentiment is overwhelming, we as democrats have to submit to it..” It said the time’s not ripe for creating more states, but added a case can be made for AP’s Telugu-speaking people. This fanned a movement among Telugu-speaking people of Madras state — the highlight being Potti Sriramulu’s death after a 56-day fast on December 15, 1952. AP was born on 1953. The creation of AP opened the floodgates.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="1953:_The_States_Reorganization_Commission_.28SRC.29">1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)</span></h3>
<p>Bowing to pressure, Nehru in 1953 formed the States Reorganization Commission (SRC). In September 1955, it recommended the abolition of A, B, C, D category states and said there should be 16 states and 3 UTs. It recommended formation of Hyderabad state. Bulk of its recommendations was accepted leading to the passage of State Reorganisation Act, 1956, and creation of 14 states and five UTs.
</p><p>In May 1956, Puducherry became a UT after the French handover.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The 1960s">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="The_1960s">The 1960s</span></h3>
<p>In 1961, Goa was liberated. Gujarat and Maharashtra were born in 1960. The government capitulated to the Sikh homeland demand in Punjab. The status of Chandigarh—if it would be the joint capital — wasn’t settled initially, later the two states agreed to share the city.
</p><p>Nagaland was carved out of Assam in 1963. In 1966 Meghalaya was carved out of the same state.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The 1970s">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="The_1970s">The 1970s</span></h3>
<p>In 1971, Himachal, Manipur and Tripura were born. Also UTs of Sikkim and Arunachal were created. Sikkim became a full state in 1975. The Jharkhand movement was brewing, so was the demand for separation of hill regions from UP. Tribal areas of MP wanted a separate identity.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2000-13">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="2000-13">2000-13</span></h3>
<p>BJP created Jharkhand, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh on November 1, 2000. It took another 13 years for Telangana to be born.
</p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: When states split into two">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="When_states_split_into_two">When states split into two</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:669px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States2a.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/7/7a/States2a.png" width="667" height="799" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:226px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States2b.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/0/03/States2b.png" width="224" height="811" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:894px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States2c.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/f/fe/States2c.png" width="892" height="144" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?</div></div></div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Who prospers, mother or daughter?">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Who_prospers.2C_mother_or_daughter.3F">Who prospers, mother or daughter?</span></h3>
<p>When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?
</p><p>Political Orientation, Not Size, Decides A State’s Performance
</p><p>Subodh Varma TIMES INSIGHT GROUP
</p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/08/01&PageLabel=15&EntityId=Ar01500&ViewMode=HTML">The Times of India</a> 2013/08/01
</p><p>Almost 57 years after it was carved out by merging Teluguspeaking areas and cutting out Marathi and Kannada speaking areas, Andhra Pradesh is now on the carving board again — the Telangana region will now be partitioned off into a new state, induced by a long-standing agitation, but delivered by the political expediency of the Congres. Whatever be the complex electoral implications of this, the real question is whether people in the two new truncated states benefit from this?
</p><p>Twelve years ago, three mega-states had seen a similar division. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh were split and Uttarakhand, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh created. How have these pairs of ‘mother-daughter’ states fared in these years?
</p><p>TOI analysed several indicators of economic and social development and found that the mother-daughter states present a mixed record.
</p><p>Annual growth of the gross state domestic product (GSDP), which is a measure of the way the state’s economy is faring, indicates that Bihar is doing better than Jharkhand, MP and Chhatisgarh are doing the same and tiny Uttarakhand is way ahead of ‘mother’ state UP.
</p><p>All these states are largely dependent on agriculture, and hence, the vagaries of monsoon. So there are huge ups and downs. But the stress on mining in Jharkhand hasn’t propelled it much further. The hill state of Uttarakhand has surged ahead because of rapid industrialization in its plains areas. It has also reaped the rather unsustainable harvest of tourism and hydel power to notch up a phenomenal annual growth rate of 16% in the last eight years.
</p><p>But Jharkhand races way ahead of Bihar in foodgrain production, clocking an annual growth of 10% even as Bihar languished at a measly 2% between 2001-02 and 2011-12. To be fair, Bihar faced many more challenges, like droughts and floods, and Jharkhand was starting from a very low base.
</p><p>MP too had double the growth in food grain production than its daughter state Chhattisgarh. Incredibly, Uttar Pradesh and its tiny offspring Uttarakhand both had the same 1% growth in foodgrain output. So again, a mixed bag of results.
</p><p>What about state governments’ attention towards the people? Have smaller states had better social outcomes? Again we found no clear answer.
</p><p>The infant mortality rate (IMR) in these states has declined across the board over the past decade. Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand showed a 31-point decrease while MP showed a 29-point dip. UP’s IMR declined by 23 points but it was still high at 60. All states were converging, although the larger states more slowly than the smaller ones.
</p><p>Reflecting both, government inaction as also deeply entrenched social prejudices, child sex ratio continued to decline in all six states whether small or big. Worryingly, son preference and female infanticide seem to be creeping into tribal communities in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh too, which were hitherto not so discriminatory against the girl child.
</p><p>Literacy rates have jumped up in two big states — UP and Bihar — but also in the daughter state of Jharkhand. The MP-Chhatisgarh duo has seen only a small increase in literacy in the past decade.
</p><p>The two big states of Bihar and UP are severely lagging in school infrastructure — they have just 6 and 7 primary school sections per 1,000 children. Compare that to their daughter states — Jharkhand has 13 and Uttarakhand 17. The MP-Chhatisgarh duo is fairly even on this count. On the other crucial link in the education system — teachers — the bigger states are clear laggards. All three bigger states have higher pupil teacher ratios than their smaller progeny.
</p><p>Although all these states suffer from chronic unemployment, the implementation of the central government’s job guarantee scheme (MGNREGS) is doing better in the two smaller states of Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand, compared to their ‘mother’ states. But in Bihar, the average days of employment given is more than its ‘daughter’ Jharkhand.
</p><p>So, the performance of a state is not so much determined by its size as by the political will and orientation of its government. Which way will Telangana and the reduced Andhra Pradesh go?
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Are smaller states more efficient?">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Are_smaller_states_more_efficient.3F"> Are smaller states more efficient?</span></h3>
<p><b>See the chart below</b>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:310px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:Statesa.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/b/b4/Statesa.jpg" width="308" height="275" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">Are smaller states more efficient?</div></div></div>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/ind/index.php?title=The_reorganisation_of_Indian_states&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2013: Regions that want to be upgraded into states">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="2013:_Regions_that_want_to_be_upgraded_into_states">2013: Regions that want to be upgraded into states</span></h2>
<p>Birth of Telangana lights other fires for statehood
</p><p>TIMES NEWS NETWORK
</p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2013/08/01&PageLabel=1&EntityId=Ar00103&ViewMode=HTML">The Times of India</a> 2013/08/01
</p><p>IANS | Aug 6, 2013 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Protest-in-Meghalaya-for-Garoland/articleshow/21651017.cms">[1]</a>
</p><p>New Delhi: A day after the announcement of Telangana, towns in coastal Andhra Pradesh and Rayalseema shut down while fireworks lit up the Hyderabad sky in celebrations on Wednesday. But the proposed 29th state also ignited calls for statehood in:
</p><p>i) Darjeeling (West Bengal): The Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) wants a <b>Gorkhaland</b> state.
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:334px;"><a href="/ind/index.php/File:States4.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/ind/images/c/c2/States4.jpg" width="332" height="489" class="thumbimage" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption">Assamese regions that want statehood</div></div></div>
<p>ii) the <b>Karbi Anglong</b> district in Assam: Some want a Karbi state.
</p><p>iii) the Bodo areas in Assam: The All Bodo Students’ Union (Absu) wants the <b>Bodoland</b> state.
</p><p>iv) the Garo Hills of Meghalaya (comprised of five districts): The Garo Hills State Movement Committee (GHSMC)--a conglomeration of several Garo organisations, including the Garo National Council (GNC), a regional political party—demand a <b>Garoland</b> state. ‘Our statehood demand is on the linguistic lines of the States Reorganisations Act, 1965,’ they say. The GNC, one of the oldest regional political parties, has been demanding the creation of Garoland since the 1990s. It has one member in the 60-member Meghalaya state assembly. The Garo National Liberation Army, a rebel group, wants Garoland. However, the Achik National Volunteers Council, currently observing a tripartite ceasefire with the central and the state governments, has scaled down its demand for a separate Garoland state to an autonomous council like the Bodoland Territorial Council. (Meghalaya became an autonomous state in 1971 and a full-fledged state Jan 21, 1972.)
</p><p>v) –viii) in Uttar Pradesh: BSP chief and former chief minister Mayawati reiterated her demand for the division of UP into four states —<b>Bundelkhand, Poorvanchal, Paschimanchal</b> and <b>Avadh Pradesh</b> — for which her government had got a resolution passed in the assembly in 2011.
</p> |
| old_text | How the number of states increased over the years
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Contents
1 The reorganization of Indian states
1.1 1948, 1949
1.2 1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)
1.3 The 1960s
1.4 The 1970s
1.5 2000-13
1.6 When states split into two
1.6.1 Who prospers, mother or daughter?
1.6.2 Are smaller states more efficient?
1.7 2013: Regions that want to be upgraded into states
[edit] The reorganization of Indian states
How the number of states increased over the years
How the number of states increased over the years
How the number of states increased over the years
How the number of states grew to 29 over the years (+ seven union territories= 36).
Akshaya Mukul TNN
The Times of India 2013/07/31
[edit] 1948, 1949
On April 1, 1949, when the Nehru-Sardar Patel-Pattabhi Sitaramayya (JVP) Committee report was made public it endorsed what the earlier S K Dar Commission had said in December 1948. Arguing for reorganization of states, Dar said new states shouldn’t be on linguistic basis.
The Cogress decided in 1948 to re-examine formation of states and formed the JVP Committee. It opposed the linguistic basis, but said: “If public sentiment is overwhelming, we as democrats have to submit to it..” It said the time’s not ripe for creating more states, but added a case can be made for AP’s Telugu-speaking people. This fanned a movement among Telugu-speaking people of Madras state — the highlight being Potti Sriramulu’s death after a 56-day fast on December 15, 1952. AP was born on 1953. The creation of AP opened the floodgates.
[edit] 1953: The States Reorganization Commission (SRC)
Bowing to pressure, Nehru in 1953 formed the States Reorganization Commission (SRC). In September 1955, it recommended the abolition of A, B, C, D category states and said there should be 16 states and 3 UTs. It recommended formation of Hyderabad state. Bulk of its recommendations was accepted leading to the passage of State Reorganisation Act, 1956, and creation of 14 states and five UTs.
In May 1956, Puducherry became a UT after the French handover.
[edit] The 1960s
In 1961, Goa was liberated. Gujarat and Maharashtra were born in 1960. The government capitulated to the Sikh homeland demand in Punjab. The status of Chandigarh—if it would be the joint capital — wasn’t settled initially, later the two states agreed to share the city.
Nagaland was carved out of Assam in 1963. In 1966 Meghalaya was carved out of the same state.
[edit] The 1970s
In 1971, Himachal, Manipur and Tripura were born. Also UTs of Sikkim and Arunachal were created. Sikkim became a full state in 1975. The Jharkhand movement was brewing, so was the demand for separation of hill regions from UP. Tribal areas of MP wanted a separate identity.
[edit] 2000-13
BJP created Jharkhand, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh on November 1, 2000. It took another 13 years for Telangana to be born.
[edit] When states split into two
When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?
When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?
When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?
[edit] Who prospers, mother or daughter?
When states split into two, who prospers, mother or daughter?
Political Orientation, Not Size, Decides A State’s Performance
Subodh Varma TIMES INSIGHT GROUP
The Times of India 2013/08/01
Almost 57 years after it was carved out by merging Teluguspeaking areas and cutting out Marathi and Kannada speaking areas, Andhra Pradesh is now on the carving board again — the Telangana region will now be partitioned off into a new state, induced by a long-standing agitation, but delivered by the political expediency of the Congres. Whatever be the complex electoral implications of this, the real question is whether people in the two new truncated states benefit from this?
Twelve years ago, three mega-states had seen a similar division. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh were split and Uttarakhand, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh created. How have these pairs of ‘mother-daughter’ states fared in these years?
TOI analysed several indicators of economic and social development and found that the mother-daughter states present a mixed record.
Annual growth of the gross state domestic product (GSDP), which is a measure of the way the state’s economy is faring, indicates that Bihar is doing better than Jharkhand, MP and Chhatisgarh are doing the same and tiny Uttarakhand is way ahead of ‘mother’ state UP.
All these states are largely dependent on agriculture, and hence, the vagaries of monsoon. So there are huge ups and downs. But the stress on mining in Jharkhand hasn’t propelled it much further. The hill state of Uttarakhand has surged ahead because of rapid industrialization in its plains areas. It has also reaped the rather unsustainable harvest of tourism and hydel power to notch up a phenomenal annual growth rate of 16% in the last eight years.
But Jharkhand races way ahead of Bihar in foodgrain production, clocking an annual growth of 10% even as Bihar languished at a measly 2% between 2001-02 and 2011-12. To be fair, Bihar faced many more challenges, like droughts and floods, and Jharkhand was starting from a very low base.
MP too had double the growth in food grain production than its daughter state Chhattisgarh. Incredibly, Uttar Pradesh and its tiny offspring Uttarakhand both had the same 1% growth in foodgrain output. So again, a mixed bag of results.
What about state governments’ attention towards the people? Have smaller states had better social outcomes? Again we found no clear answer.
The infant mortality rate (IMR) in these states has declined across the board over the past decade. Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand showed a 31-point decrease while MP showed a 29-point dip. UP’s IMR declined by 23 points but it was still high at 60. All states were converging, although the larger states more slowly than the smaller ones.
Reflecting both, government inaction as also deeply entrenched social prejudices, child sex ratio continued to decline in all six states whether small or big. Worryingly, son preference and female infanticide seem to be creeping into tribal communities in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh too, which were hitherto not so discriminatory against the girl child.
Literacy rates have jumped up in two big states — UP and Bihar — but also in the daughter state of Jharkhand. The MP-Chhatisgarh duo has seen only a small increase in literacy in the past decade.
The two big states of Bihar and UP are severely lagging in school infrastructure — they have just 6 and 7 primary school sections per 1,000 children. Compare that to their daughter states — Jharkhand has 13 and Uttarakhand 17. The MP-Chhatisgarh duo is fairly even on this count. On the other crucial link in the education system — teachers — the bigger states are clear laggards. All three bigger states have higher pupil teacher ratios than their smaller progeny.
Although all these states suffer from chronic unemployment, the implementation of the central government’s job guarantee scheme (MGNREGS) is doing better in the two smaller states of Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand, compared to their ‘mother’ states. But in Bihar, the average days of employment given is more than its ‘daughter’ Jharkhand.
So, the performance of a state is not so much determined by its size as by the political will and orientation of its government. Which way will Telangana and the reduced Andhra Pradesh go?
[edit] Are smaller states more efficient?
See the chart below
Are smaller states more efficient?
[edit] 2013: Regions that want to be upgraded into states
Birth of Telangana lights other fires for statehood
TIMES NEWS NETWORK
The Times of India 2013/08/01
IANS | Aug 6, 2013 [1]
New Delhi: A day after the announcement of Telangana, towns in coastal Andhra Pradesh and Rayalseema shut down while fireworks lit up the Hyderabad sky in celebrations on Wednesday. But the proposed 29th state also ignited calls for statehood in:
i) Darjeeling (West Bengal): The Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) wants a Gorkhaland state.
Assamese regions that want statehood
ii) the Karbi Anglong district in Assam: Some want a Karbi state.
iii) the Bodo areas in Assam: The All Bodo Students’ Union (Absu) wants the Bodoland state.
iv) the Garo Hills of Meghalaya (comprised of five districts): The Garo Hills State Movement Committee (GHSMC)--a conglomeration of several Garo organisations, including the Garo National Council (GNC), a regional political party—demand a Garoland state. ‘Our statehood demand is on the linguistic lines of the States Reorganisations Act, 1965,’ they say. The GNC, one of the oldest regional political parties, has been demanding the creation of Garoland since the 1990s. It has one member in the 60-member Meghalaya state assembly. The Garo National Liberation Army, a rebel group, wants Garoland. However, the Achik National Volunteers Council, currently observing a tripartite ceasefire with the central and the state governments, has scaled down its demand for a separate Garoland state to an autonomous council like the Bodoland Territorial Council. (Meghalaya became an autonomous state in 1971 and a full-fledged state Jan 21, 1972.)
v) –viii) in Uttar Pradesh: BSP chief and former chief minister Mayawati reiterated her demand for the division of UP into four states —Bundelkhand, Poorvanchal, Paschimanchal and Avadh Pradesh — for which her government had got a resolution passed in the assembly in 2011.
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